Where: Esmeraldas, Ecuador (0.9° N, 79.9° W: paleocoordinates 0.7° N, 79.1° W)
• coordinate estimated from map
• local area-level geographic resolution
When: Onzole Formation (Daule Group), Early/Lower Pliocene (5.3 - 3.6 Ma)
• LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY: From the Súa Member of the Onzole Fm of the Daule Group, which overlies the lower member of the Onzole Fm (Late Miocene) and the Angostura Fm (Late Miocewne). AGE: Early Pliocene in text. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: Composite list 50–70-cm-thick shellbed at the base of the Su ́a Member.
• bed-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: coastal; burrowed, bioturbated, silty sandstone
Size class: macrofossils
• The bioclasts from the bulk sample show a high degree of fragmentation and include a huge number of shell fragments.
Preservation: original aragonite
Collection methods: bulk, surface (in situ), sieve,
• COLLECTOR: By the authors, although not specified. REPOSITORY: Not stated in text. METHODS: Bulk samples, amalgamated from multiple replicates (,30 dm3 each) were collected from different lateral spots of the same fossiliferous horizon, and manual picking at outcrop level, in order to obtain large and rare species. Bulk samples consist of poorly lithified sediments (i.e., affected by incipient cementation only, with rocks easily disintegrable with hydrogen peroxide) that were soaked in a strongly diluted H2O2 and water solution and later washed with fresh water, air dried, and gently sieved through 1 mm mesh screens. Slightly < 1900 fish otoliths were extracted from a 1000 kg cumulative bulk sample amalgamated from multiple replicates collected adjacently over the entire exposed length of the same horizon (lateral spacing between the sampling sites is 100 m or less). Bulk material was reduced to a reasonable size after processing with water, air drying, and sieving (smallest screen 0.5 mm) and otoliths were separated from the final residue by hand picking.
Primary reference: G. Carnevale, W. Landini, L. Radgaini, C. Celma, and G. Cantalamessa. 2011. Taphonomic and paleoecological analyses (mollusks and fishes) of the Súa Member condensed shelled, upper Onzole Formation (Early Pliocene, Ecuador). Palaios 26(3):160-172 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy/P. Wagner]more details
Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis
PaleoDB collection 135043: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 20.10.2012
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Actinopteri | |
Paraconger californiensis conger eel | |
Lampadena sp. Goode and Bean 1893 lanternfish
Diaphus sp. Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1890 lanternfish | |
? Serranidae indet. Swainson 1839 perch-like fish | |
Porichthys margaritatus toadfish
Porichthys analis toadfish
Porichthys cf. notatus Girard 1854 toadfish | |
Gobiidae indet. Bonaparte 1832 goby | |
Apogonidae indet. Bonaparte 1846 Cardinalfish
Apogon sp. Lacépède 1802 Cardinalfish | |
Citharichthys sp. Bleeker 1862 flatfish | |
Cynoglossidae indet. Jordan 1963 flatfish | |
Pleuronectidae indet. flatfish | |
Anchoa sp. Jordan and Evermann 1927 herring | |
Scaphopoda | |
Tesseracme cf. tesseragona tusk shell
Dentalium sp. Linnaeus 1758 tusk shell | |
Gastropoda | |
Pyramidella elenensis snail | |
Architectonica nobilis Röding 1798 sundial | |
Acteocina cf. puruha Pilsbry and Olsson 1941 barrel-bubble | |
"Turritella altilira" = Turritella (Bactrospira) altilira, Turritella abrupta
"Turritella altilira" = Turritella (Bactrospira) altilira Conrad 1857 turret shell
Turritella abrupta Spieker 1922 turret shell | |
Crucibulum scutellatum slipper shell
Crucibulum sp. Schumacher 1817 slipper shell | |
Polinices hepaticus Röding 1798 moon snail | |
Cancellaria sp. Lamarck 1799 snail | |
Mitra ecuadoriana Olsson 1964 mitre shell
Mitra musa mitre shell | |
Strioterebrum sp., Strioterebrum indocayapum, "Terebra cf. subsulcifera" = Terebra (Oreoterebra) subsulcifera
Strioterebrum sp. Sacco 1891 auger snail
Strioterebrum indocayapum Olsson 1964 auger snail
"Terebra cf. subsulcifera" = Terebra (Oreoterebra) subsulcifera Brown and Pilsbry 1911 auger snail | |
Conus camaronus cone shell
Conus sp. Linnaeus 1758 cone shell | |
Turridae indet. Swainson 1840 turrid
Gemmula cf. hindsiana Berry 1958 turrid | |
Buridrillia dalli snail | |
Oliva splendidula olive snail | |
Persicula sp. Schumacher 1817 snail | |
Serpulorbis sp. Sasso 1827 worm shell | |
Carinodrillia sp. Dall 1919 snail | |
Niso splendidula snail | |
Bivalvia | |
Spondylus sp. Linnaeus 1758 scallop
Chlamys sp. Röding 1798 scallop
"Pecten gordus" = Pecten (Pecten) gordus Olsson 1964 scallop | |
Atrina cf. maura Sowerby 1833 oyster | |
Saccostrea cf. palmula Carpenter 1857 oyster
Undulostrea megodon Hanley 1846 oyster
Ostrea sp. Linnaeus 1758 oyster
Ostrea iridescens Gray 1854 oyster | |
Anadara sp. Gray 1847 ark
Anadara reinharti Lowe 1935 ark | |
Trachycardium sp. Mörch 1853 cockle | |
Tellina sp. Linnaeus 1758 tellin clam | |
Diplodonta sp. Bronn 1831 clam | |
Arcinella arcinella Linnaeus 1767 jewel box
Chama pellucida Broderip 1835 jewel box | |
Lirophora mariae, "Timoclea squamosa" = Chioneryx squamosa
Lirophora mariae d'Orbigny 1846 venus clam
"Timoclea squamosa" = Chioneryx squamosa Carpenter 1857 venus clam | |
Caryocorbula amethystina Olsson 1961 clam
Corbula sp. Bruguière 1789 clam | |
Lucina mazatlantica clam | |
Strophocardia megastropha, "Cardita crassicostata" = Cardites crassicostata
Strophocardia megastropha Gray 1825 clam
"Cardita crassicostata" = Cardites crassicostata Sowerby 1825 clam |