Where: India (23.0° N, 93.0° E: paleocoordinates 15.7° N, 94.5° E)
• coordinate stated in text
• local area-level geographic resolution
When: Upper Bhuban Formation (Surma Group), Early/Lower Miocene (23.0 - 16.0 Ma)
• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the Upper Bhuban Fm of the Bhuban Subgroup, Surma Group (Early-Middle Miocene), which presumably overlies the Middle Bhuban Fm and overlain by sediments of the Boka Bil Subgroup (Ganju, 1975). THICKNESS: From beds of no more than 5 m thickness within sections of less than 12 m in thickness. AGE: Helvetian, Middle Miocene. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: From base to middle of sections.
• bed-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: coastal; lithified, silty sandstone and lithified conglomerate
Size class: macrofossils
Preservation: cast, mold/impression
Collected by Tiwari; reposited in the GSI
Collection methods: surface (in situ),
• COLLECTORS: R. P. Tiwari (unknown date). REPOSITORY: Geological Survey of India (GSI), Pachhunga University College (PUC)
Primary reference: R. P. Tiwari and R. P. Kachhara. 2003. Molluscan biostratigraphy of the Tertiary sediments of Mizoram, India. Journal of the Paleontological Society of India 48:65-88 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details
Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis
PaleoDB collection 78641: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 12.02.2008
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Echinoidea | |
Schizaster alevolatus heart urchin
Schizaster baluchistanensis heart urchin
Schizaster granti heart urchin
Schizaster aff. symmetricus heart urchin | |
Actinopteri | |
Dentex sp. Cuvier 1815 perch-like fish | |
Chondrichthyes | |
Dasyatis sp. Rafinesque 1810 whiptail stingray | |
Sphyrna zagaena hammerhead shark | |
Negaprion sp. Whitley 1940 lemon shark | |
Carcharodon carcharias Linnaeus 1758 great white shark
Isurus spallanzanii mackerel shark | |
Gastropoda | |
Architectonica sp., "Architectonica affine" = Architectonica affinis
Architectonica sp. Röding 1798 sundial
"Architectonica affine" = Architectonica affinis Sowerby 1840 sundial [entered as Architectonica affinis]
| |
"Turritella (Torculoidella) angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti, Turritella narica
"Turritella (Torculoidella) angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti Vredenburg 1928 turret shell
Turritella narica Vredenburg 1928 turret shell | |
Globularia callosa snail | |
Natica coxi Mukerjee 1939 moon snail | |
Nassaria birmanica Vredenburg 1921 snail | |
Volvaria birmanica Noetling 1895 mitre shell | |
Clavatula tipperi Cox 1936 snail | |
Conus (Leptoconus) bonneti Cossmann 1900 cone shell
Conus (Lithoconus) ineditus Michelotti 1861 cone shell
Conus (Dendroconus) loroisii Kiener 1845 cone shell | |
Turris sp. Röding 1798 turrid
Turris (Lophistoma) quilonica Dey 1961 turrid | |
Oliva sp. Bruguière 1789 olive snail | |
Murex sp. Linnaeus 1758 murex snail
Murex macgillivrayi Dohrn 1862 murex snail | |
Bursa elegans frog shell | |
Charonia davidsoni triton | |
Ficus conditus Brongniart 1823 fig shell | |
Xenophora birmanica carrier shell | |
Bivalvia | |
Portlandia sp. Mörch 1857 clam | |
Yoldia sp. Möller 1842 clam
Yoldia (Yoldia) sp. Moeller 1842 clam | |
Nucula cf. pulchra nut clam
Nucula "sp. 1" Lamarck 1799 nut clam
Nucula "sp. 2" Lamarck 1799 nut clam
Nucula "sp. 3" Lamarck 1799 nut clam
Nucula alcocki Noetling 1895 nut clam | |
"Chlamys (Chlamys) senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria, Chlamys (Chlamys) quilonensis, Pecten (Pecten) sp., Pecten pilgrimi, "Pecten (Oopecten) gigas" = Oopecten gigas
"Chlamys (Chlamys) senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria Gmelin 1791 scallop
Chlamys (Chlamys) quilonensis Dey 1961 scallop
Pecten (Pecten) sp. Müller 1776 scallop
Pecten pilgrimi Cox 1936 scallop
"Pecten (Oopecten) gigas" = Oopecten gigas Schlotheim 1813 scallop | |
"Limaria (Limatulella) sp." = Limaria
"Limaria (Limatulella) sp." = Limaria Link 1807 file clam | |
Pinna sp. Linnaeus 1758 oyster
Pinna (Pinna) "sp. 1" Linnaeus 1758 oyster
Pinna (Pinna) "sp. 2" Linnaeus 1758 oyster | |
Barbatia (Barbatia) "sp. 1", Barbatia (Barbatia) "sp. 2", Arca "sp. 1", Arca newtoni, Arca feddeni, Trisidos sp., Scapharca ferruginea, Scapharca junghuhni, Anadara sp., Anadara daviesi, Anadara (Anadara) zotlangensis, Anadara (Anadara) luangmualensis, Anadara dichotoma, Anadara (Anadara) trapezoida, Anadara craticulata, Anadara garoensis, Anadara (Lunarca) kachharai, Anadara gourae
Barbatia (Barbatia) "sp. 1" Gray 1842 clam
Barbatia (Barbatia) "sp. 2" Gray 1842 clam
Arca "sp. 1" Linnaeus 1758 ark
Arca newtoni Vredenburg 1928 ark
Arca feddeni Vredenburg 1928 ark
Trisidos sp. Ršding 1798 clam
Scapharca ferruginea clam
Scapharca junghuhni clam
Anadara sp. Gray 1847 ark
Anadara daviesi Mukerjee 1939 ark
Anadara (Anadara) zotlangensis Tiwari 2001 ark
Anadara (Anadara) luangmualensis Tiwari 2001 ark
Anadara dichotoma Deshayes 1863 ark
Anadara (Anadara) trapezoida Tiwari 2001 ark
Anadara craticulata Nyst 1848 ark
Anadara garoensis Mukerjee 1939 ark
Anadara (Lunarca) kachharai Tiwari 2001 ark
Anadara gourae Dey 1961 ark | |
"Vepricardium (Hedecardium) sp." = Hedecardium Marwick 1944 cockle
Cardium sp. Linnaeus 1758 cockle
Cardium quilonense Dey 1961 cockle | |
Azorinus sp. Récluz 1869 clam | |
Apolymetis aizawlensis, Apolymetis sp., "Tellina (Angulus) sp." = Angulus, Tellina (Telliangulus) sp., Tellina (Moerella) indifferens, Tellina (Tellinella) hilli, Tellina (Tellinella) pseudohilli, Tellina (Tellinella) sp., Tellina (Eurytellina) pilgrimi
Apolymetis aizawlensis tellin clam
Apolymetis sp. Salisbury 1929 tellin clam
"Tellina (Angulus) sp." = Angulus Megerle 1811 tellin clam
Tellina (Telliangulus) sp. Linnaeus 1758 tellin clam
Tellina (Moerella) indifferens Noetling 1901 tellin clam
Tellina (Tellinella) hilli tellin clam
Tellina (Tellinella) pseudohilli tellin clam
Tellina (Tellinella) sp. Mörch 1853 tellin clam
Tellina (Eurytellina) pilgrimi Cox 1936 tellin clam | |
Gari (Gari) natensis clam | |
"Diplodonta rotundata" = Diplodonta (Diplodonta) rotundata, Diplodonta incerta
"Diplodonta rotundata" = Diplodonta (Diplodonta) rotundata Montagu 1803 clam
Diplodonta incerta d'Archiac 1850 clam | |
Timoclea cf. subspadicea, Dosinia (Dosinia) peralta, Paphia (Paphia) rotundatus, Paphia (Paphia) sp., Paphia (Paphia) persica, Paphia (Callistotapes) pseudoliratus, "Callista (Costacallista) erycina" = Costacallista erycina, Meretrix meretrix, Meretrix persica, Clementia sp., Clementia (Clementia) papyracea, Clementia (Clementia) protopapyracea, Callista sp.
Timoclea cf. subspadicea venus clam
Dosinia (Dosinia) peralta Vredenburg 1928 venus clam
Paphia (Paphia) rotundatus venus clam
Paphia (Paphia) sp. Röding 1798 venus clam
Paphia (Paphia) persica Cox 1936 venus clam
Paphia (Callistotapes) pseudoliratus Vredenburg 1928 venus clam
"Callista (Costacallista) erycina" = Costacallista erycina Linnaeaus 1758 venus clam
Meretrix meretrix venus clam
Meretrix persica Cox 1936 venus clam
Clementia sp. Gray 1847 venus clam
Clementia (Clementia) papyracea Gray 1825 venus clam
Clementia (Clementia) protopapyracea Vredenburg 1928 venus clam
Callista sp. Poli 1791 venus clam | |
Lutraria "sp. 1" Lamarck 1799 clam
Lutraria "sp. 2" Lamarck 1799 clam
Mactra (Mactra) protoreevesii Noetling 1901 clam | |
Arctica cf. islandica Linnaeus 1767 clam | |
"Corbula harpa" = Corbula (Bicorbula) harpa, Corbula (Tunicosulcata) sp., Corbula mekranica, Corbula tunicosulcata
"Corbula harpa" = Corbula (Bicorbula) harpa Archaic and Haime 1854 clam
Corbula (Tunicosulcata) sp. Bruguière 1789 clam
Corbula mekranica Vredenburg 1928 clam
Corbula tunicosulcata Vredenburg 1928 clam | |
Cultellus (Cultellus) sp. Schumacher 1817 clam | |
Solena (Plectosolen) "sp. 1" Conrad 1866 clam
Solena (Plectosolen) "sp. 2" Conrad 1866 clam | |
Pholadomya "sp. 1" Sowerby 1823 clam
Pholadomya "sp. 2" Sowerby 1823 clam | |
Lucina (Lucina) sp. Bruguiére 1797 clam | |
Salaputium sp. Iredale 1924 clam | |
Carditamera sp. Conrad 1838 clam
Cardita (Glans) quilonensis Dey 1961 clam | |
Astarte (Bathiamena) sp., Astarte (Grotriana) sp., Astarte (Digitariopsis) sp., Astarte (Astarte) "sp. 1", Astarte (Astarte) "sp. 2"
Astarte (Bathiamena) sp. Sowerby 1816 clam
Astarte (Grotriana) sp. Sowerby 1816 clam
Astarte (Digitariopsis) sp. Chavan 1952 clam
Astarte (Astarte) "sp. 1" Sowerby 1816 clam
Astarte (Astarte) "sp. 2" Sowerby 1816 clam | |
Malacostraca | |
Xantho sp. Leach 1804 stone crab | |
"Ebalia tuberculata" = Ebalia noetlingi, Ebalia spinosa
"Ebalia tuberculata" = Ebalia noetlingi Karasawa 2008 crab
Ebalia spinosa Tiwari et al. 1997 crab |