Gravina (Pleistocene of Italy)

Where: Italy (40.8° N, 16.4° E: paleocoordinates 40.8° N, 16.4° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Gephyrocapsa other zone, Calabrian (1.8 - 0.8 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From unknown lithostratigraphic unit. AGE: Emilian (early Pleistocene) = Calabrian. See Caldara et al. (1989) for more details; from large Gephyrocapsa cocolith zone. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: from four bulk samples (40 dm3) indicated

•2a–2d in Caldara et al. (1989).

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: offshore; lithology not reported

• ENVIRONMENT: Middle shelf to surface.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Not stated in text. LITHIFICATION: Unknown.

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collection methods: bulk, sieve,

• COLLECTOR: Review of previously published collections. REPOSITORY: Unknown.

Primary reference: A. Girone, D. Nolf, and H. Cappetta. 2006. Pleistocene fish otoliths from the Mediterranean Basin: a synthesis. Geobios 39:651-671 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 159288: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 30.07.2014

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for fish. NOMENCLATURE: Not a authoritative publication, but with modern nomenclature and species-resolution identifications.
Actinopteri
 Anguilliformes - Muraenidae
"Conger conger" = Muraena conger
"Conger conger" = Muraena conger Linnaeus 1758 European conger
 Scorpaeniformes - Triglidae
Chelidonichthys lucerna Linnaeus 1758 sea robin
 Gadiformes - Gadidae
Gadiculus argenteus Guichenot 1850 silvery pout
Micromesistius poutassou Risso 1827 blue whiting
 Gadiformes - Merlucciidae
 Perciformes - Sparidae
Dentex maroccanus perch-like fish
 Perciformes -
Aphia minuta perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Cepolidae
Cepola rubescens Linnaeus 1764 perch-like fish
 Spariformes - Centracanthidae
Spicara smaris Linnaeus 1758
 Labriformes - Labridae
 Pleuronectiformes - Bothidae
 Pleuronectiformes - Soleidae
Microchirus cf. variegatus Donovan 1808 flatfish
 Carangiformes - Carangidae
Trachurus trachurus Linnaeus 1758
Trachurus mediterraneus Steindachner 1868
 Acanthomorphata - Polynemidae
 Blenniiformes - Blenniidae
Blennius ocellaris Linnaeus 1758
 Gobiiformes - Gobiidae
 Syngnathiformes - Mullidae
 Ophidiiformes - Carapidae
Carapus acus Brünnich 1768
 Ophidiiformes - Ophidiidae
 Myctophiformes - Myctophidae
Diaphus taaningi Norma 1930 slopewater lanternfish
Myctophum punctatum Rafinesque 1810 spotted lanternfish
Lobianchia dofleini Zugmayer 1911 Dofleini's lanternfish
Benthosema suborbitale Gilbert 1913 lanternfish
 Clupeiformes - Clupeoidei
Sardina pilchardus Walbaum 1792 herring