Monte Bolca (Canossa collection) (Eocene of Italy)

Where: Italy (45.6° N, 11.2° E: paleocoordinates 37.3° N, 10.3° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Ypresian (56.0 - 47.8 Ma)

• Initially assigned to the Lutetian. However, calcareous nannofossils attribute the classic Pesciara locality to the Discoaster sublodoensis Zone (NP14 or CP12) of uppermost Ypresian to lowermost Lutetian age. Larger foraminifera indicate the Alveolina dainellii Zone, and have limited abrasion so do not appear to be reworked. Therefore, biostratigraphy restricts the classic Pesciara locality to a narrow interval between the base of NP14 and the top of SBZ11, of late Ypresian age (Papazzoni et al., 2014). The lower-middle part of Monte Postale was also preliminarily assigned to SBZ11 of Ypresian age (Papazzoni & Trevisiani, 2009).

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: lagoonal or restricted shallow subtidal; shelly/skeletal limestone

• "The fossil-bearing section consits of several calcareous units (Figure 20.2). Exceptionally well preserved fossils are derived from units of laminated sheet limestones unlain by reefal limestones. Fish and plant fossils can be found at five levels. The beds containing fish and plant fossils show a varved structure in which relatively thick biomicritic laminae alternate in a regular pattern with very thin micritic laminae, which are homogenous and slightly clayey. The thicker biomicritic laminae contain silt-sized particles and foraminifera, ostracods, molluscs, and small thin-shelled gastropods. These biomicritic laminae are gradational with the micritic laminae, producing a graded bedding texture for each pair of laminae. Finely disseminated pyrite and bitumen can be found in these laminated beds. (pg. 369)"

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: mold/impression, soft parts

Reposited in the MCZ, MfN

Collection methods: quarrying, mechanical,

• Repository: collection of Canossa (material later separated, some going to Museum fur Naturkunde and some to Museum of Comparative Zoology)

Primary reference: A. Massalongo. 1859. Specimen photographicum animalium quorundam plantaumque fossilium agri veronensis [J. Head/J. Head/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 55239: authorized by Jason Head, entered by Jason Head on 30.09.2005, edited by Mark Uhen and Patricia Holroyd

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

unclassified
  -
Angiospermae
 Alismatales - Posidoniaceae
Posidocea frickingeri n. gen. n. sp.11
Posidocea frickingeri n. gen. n. sp.11
Malacostraca
 Isopoda - Sphaeromatidae
Sphaeroma gasparellai9 De Angeli and Lovato 2009 isopod
Reptilia
 Squamata - Anomalophidae
"Archaeophis bolcensis n. gen. n. sp." = Anomalophis bolcensis
"Archaeophis bolcensis n. gen. n. sp." = Anomalophis bolcensis Auffenberg 1959 snake
 Squamata - Palaeophiidae
Archaeophis proavus n. gen. n. sp.
Archaeophis proavus n. gen. n. sp. Massalongo 1859 snake
Actinopteri
 Teleostei -
Acronuroides eocaenicus n. gen. n. sp.6
Acronuroides eocaenicus n. gen. n. sp.6 Bannikov et al. 2019
 Caproiformes - Antigoniidae
Antigonia veronensis17 Sorbini 1983
 Zeiformes - Bajaichthyidae
Bajaichthys elegans18 Sorbini 1983
 Perciformes - Gobioidei
Carlomonnius quasigobius n. gen. n. sp.5
Carlomonnius quasigobius n. gen. n. sp.5 Bannikov and Carnevale 2016 perch-like fish
 Perciformes -
"Psettopsis latellai n. sp." = Latellopsis latellai2, Pavarottia maiseyi n. sp.3
"Psettopsis latellai n. sp." = Latellopsis latellai2 Bannikov 2005 perch-like fish
Pavarottia maiseyi n. sp.3 Bannikov 2016 perch-like fish
 Acanthomorphata - Lutjanidae
Lessinia horrenda n. gen. n. sp.7
Lessinia horrenda n. gen. n. sp.7 Bannikov and Zorzin 2014
 Tetraodontiformes - Triacanthidae
Protacanthodes ombonii21 de Zigno 1887
Protacanthodes nimesensis21 Tyler and Santini 2001
 Tetraodontiformes - Molidae
 Tetraodontiformes - Eoplectidae
Eoplectus bloti21 Tyler 1975
 Tetraodontiformes - Triodontidae
 Tetraodontiformes - Zignoichthyidae
Zignoichthys oblongus21 Zigno 1874
 Tetraodontiformes - Aracanidae
Proaracana dubia21 Blainville 1818
 Tetraodontiformes - Monacanthidae
 Tetraodontiformes - Balistidae
Oligobalistes robustus21 Danil'chenko 1960
Balistomorphus spinosus21 Agassiz 1842
Balistomorphus ovalis21 Agassiz 1842
 Tetraodontiformes - Moclaybalistidae
Moclaybalistes danekrus n. gen. n. sp.21
Moclaybalistes danekrus n. gen. n. sp.21 Tyler and Santini 2002
 Tetraodontiformes - Ostraciidae
 Tetraodontiformes - Tetraodontidae
 Tetraodontiformes - Diodontidae
Heptadiodon echinus21 Heckel 1853
Pshekhadiodon parini21 Bannikov and Tyler 1997
Zignodon fornasieroae n. gen. n. sp.21 Tyler and Santini 2002
Prodiodon erinaceus21 Agassiz 1844
Prodiodon tenuispinus21 Agassiz 1833
 Tetraodontiformes - Bolcabalistidae
Eospinus daniltshenkoi21 Tyler and Bannikov 1992
Bolcabalistes varii21 Tyler and Sorbini 1998
 Tetraodontiformes - Protobalistidae
Spinacanthus cuneiformis21 Blainville 1818
Protobalistum imperiale21 Massalongo 1857
 Acanthuriformes - Acanthuridae
Proacanthurus ovalis10 Agassiz 1839
Proacanthurus bonatoi n. sp.10 Blot and Tyler 1990
Proacanthurus elongatus n. sp.10 Blot and Tyler 1990
Proacanthurus tenuis n. gen.10 Agassiz 1835
Eorandallius rectifrons n. gen.10 Agassiz 1835
Eorandallius elegans n. sp.10 Blot and Tyler 1990
Metaspisurus emmanueli n. gen. n. sp.10 Blot and Tyler 1990
Tauichthys padremenini n. gen. n. sp.20 Tyler 1999
Sorbinithurus sorbinii n. gen. n. sp.20 Tyler 1999
Gazolaichthys vestenanovae n. gen. n. sp.10 Blot and Tyler 1990
Acanthurus gaudryi10 de Zigno 1887
Tylerichthys milani n. sp.10 Blot and Tyler 1990
Tylerichthys nuchalis10 Agassiz 1835
Lehmanichthys lessiniensis n. gen. n. sp.10 Blot and Tyler 1990
Protozebrasoma bloti n. gen. n. sp.19 Sorbini and Tyler 1998
Pesciarichthys punctatus n. gen. n. sp.10 Blot and Tyler 1990
Acanthuroides massalongoi n. gen. n. sp.10 Blot and Tyler 1990
Metacanthurus veronensis n. gen. n. sp.10 Blot and Tyler 1990
 Labriformes - Labridae
Zorzinilabrus furcatus n. gen. n. sp.4, Paralabrus rossiae n. gen. n. sp.8
Zorzinilabrus furcatus n. gen. n. sp.4 Bannikov and Bellwood 2017
Paralabrus rossiae n. gen. n. sp.8 Bannikov and Zorzin 2019
 Scombriformes - Scombridae
Thynnus bolcensis22, "Orcynus latior n. sp." = Thunnus latior1, "Orcynus lanceolatus n. gen. n. sp." = Thunnus lanceolatus1
Thynnus bolcensis22 Agassiz 1835
"Orcynus latior n. sp." = Thunnus latior1 Agassiz 1835
"Orcynus lanceolatus n. gen. n. sp." = Thunnus lanceolatus1 Agassiz 1835
 Clupeiformes - Clupeoidei
Eoalosa janvieri n. gen. n. sp.16
Eoalosa janvieri n. gen. n. sp.16 Marrama` and Carnevale 2018 sunrise or dawn shad
 Ellimmichthyiformes - Paraclupeidae
Eoellimmichthys superstes n. gen. n. sp.13
Eoellimmichthys superstes n. gen. n. sp.13 Marramà et al. 2019
Chondrichthyes
 Carcharhiniformes - Triakidae
"Galeus cuvieri n. sp." = Galeorhinus cuvieri12
"Galeus cuvieri n. sp." = Galeorhinus cuvieri12 Agassiz 1835 school shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae
Alopiopsis plejodon12 Lioy 1865 requiem shark
 Lamniformes - Odontaspididae
Brachycarcharias lerichei15 Casier 1946 sand tiger shark
 Torpediniformes - Torpedinidae
"Platyrhina gigantea" = Torpedo gigantea12
"Platyrhina gigantea" = Torpedo gigantea12 de Blainville 1818 torpedo
 Torpediniformes - Narcinidae
Narcine molini n. sp.12
Narcine molini n. sp.12 Jaekel 1894 numbfish
 Rajiformes - Platyrhinidae
Platyrhina bolcensis12 Heckel 1851 guitarfish
 Rajiformes - Rhinobatidae
Rhinobatus primaerus12, "Rhinobatus dezignii" = Pseudorhinobatos dezignii12
"Rhinobatus dezignii" = Pseudorhinobatos dezignii12 Heckel 1853 guitarfish
 Euselachii - Zanobatidae
"Platyrhina egertoni" = Plesiozanobatus egertoni12
"Platyrhina egertoni" = Plesiozanobatus egertoni12 de Zigno 1878 elasmobranch
 Euselachii - Galeidae
Pseudogaleus voltai n. gen. n. sp.12
Pseudogaleus voltai n. gen. n. sp.12 Jaekel 1894 elasmobranch
 Myliobatiformes - Dasyatidae
"Trygon dezignii" = Dasyatis12, "Trygon muricata" = Trygon muricatus12
"Trygon dezignii" = Dasyatis12 whiptail stingray
"Trygon muricata" = Trygon muricatus12 Volta 1796 whiptail stingray
 Myliobatiformes -
Lessiniabatis aenigmatica n. gen. n. sp.14
Lessiniabatis aenigmatica n. gen. n. sp.14 Marramà et al. 2019 stingray
 Myliobatiformes - Urolophidae
 Myliobatiformes -
"Promyliobatis gazolae n. gen. n. sp." = Promyliobatis gazolai12
"Promyliobatis gazolae n. gen. n. sp." = Promyliobatis gazolai12 de Zigno 1885 stingray