PBDB

Hardie Kaolin Mine (Eocene of the United States)

Also known as Wilkinson Mine, WKR Mine

Where: Wilkinson County, Georgia (32.9° N, 83.4° W: paleocoordinates 33.1° N, 75.4° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Clinchfield Formation (Barnwell Group), Priabonian (38.0 - 33.9 Ma)

• from "a 1-1.5-m-high stratum" and spoil piles derived from it (Parmley and DeVore 2005)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; sandstone

• "nearshore marine" (Parmley and Cicimurri 2005)

• coarse sands

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: original phosphate

Collection methods: bulk, salvage, surface (float), sieve,

• "Intensive surface collecting of spoil piles and screen washing of in situ sediments" (Parmley and DeVore 2005)

Primary reference: J. W. Westgate. 2001. Paleoecology and biostratigraphy of marginal marine gulf coast Eocene vertebrate localities. Eocene Biodiversity: Unusual Occurrences and Rarely Sampled Habitats 263-297 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 45640: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 20.11.2004, edited by Jason Head, John Alroy, Joseph Villari and Patricia Holroyd

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Chondrichthyes
Squatiniformes - Squatinidae	Squatina sp., Squatina prima² Squatina sp. Dumeril 1806 angel shark Squatina prima² Winkler 1874 angel shark
Rajiformes - Rajidae	Raja sp. Raja sp. Linnaeus 1758 skate
Myliobatiformes - Dasyatidae	Dasyatis sp. Dasyatis sp. Rafinesque 1810 whiptail stingray
Myliobatiformes - Rhinopteridae	Rhinoptera sp. Rhinoptera sp. Cuvier 1829 cownose ray
Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae	Myliobatis sp. Myliobatis sp. Cuvier 1816 eagle ray
Pristiformes - Pristidae	Propristis schweinfurthi Propristis schweinfurthi Priem 1897 sawfish
Lamniformes - Otodontidae	Carcharocles angustidens² Carcharocles angustidens² Agassiz 1843 mackerel shark
Lamniformes - Lamnidae	Isurus sp., Isurus praecursor², Carcharodon auriculatus, Lamna sp. Isurus sp. Agassiz 1843 mako shark Isurus praecursor² Thurmond and Jones 1981 mako shark Carcharodon auriculatus Blainville 1818 white shark Lamna sp. Cuvier 1816 mackerel shark
Lamniformes - Odontaspididae	Striatolamia cf. macrota², Carcharias hopei, Carcharias sp.², Carcharias aff. koerti², Carcharias acutissima² Striatolamia cf. macrota² Agassiz 1843 sand tiger shark Carcharias hopei sand shark Carcharias sp.² Rafinesque 1810 sand shark Carcharias aff. koerti² sand shark Carcharias acutissima² Agassiz 1843 sand shark
Carchariniformes - Carcharhinidae	Physogaleus sp., Physogaleus secundus², Negaprion eurybathrodon², Abdounia enniskilleni, Galeocerdo latidens, Galeocerdo alabamensis², "Negaprion gibbesi" = Carcharhinus gibbesi Physogaleus sp. Cappetta 1980 requiem shark Physogaleus secundus² Agassiz 1843 requiem shark Negaprion eurybathrodon² Blake 1862 lemon shark Abdounia enniskilleni White 1956 requiem shark Galeocerdo latidens Agassiz 1843 tiger shark Galeocerdo alabamensis² Leriche 1942 tiger shark "Negaprion gibbesi" = Carcharhinus gibbesi Woodward 1889 requiem shark
Carchariniformes - Hemigaleidae	Hemipristis curvatus Hemipristis curvatus Dames 1883 ground shark
Carchariniformes - Triakidae	Mustelus vanderhoefti² Mustelus vanderhoefti² hound shark
Heterodontiformes - Heterodontidae	Heterodontus sp.² Heterodontus sp.² de Blainville 1816 bullhead shark
- Scyllidae	Scyliorhinus gilberti² Scyliorhinus gilberti² Casier 1946 shark
Orectolobiformes - Rhincodontidae	Palaeorhincodon sp.² Palaeorhincodon sp.² Herman 1975 whale shark
Orectolobiformes - Ginglymostomatidae	Nebrius theilensis², "Ginglymostoma serra" = Nebrius serra Nebrius theilensis² nurse shark "Ginglymostoma serra" = Nebrius serra Leidy 1877 nurse shark
Chimaeriformes - Callorhinchidae	Edaphodon sp.³ Edaphodon sp.³ Buckland 1838 plownose chimaera
Actinopteri
Elopiformes - Phyllodontidae	Phyllodus sp. Phyllodus sp. Agassiz 1843
Acanthomorphata - Sphyraenidae	Sphyraena sp. Sphyraena sp. Walbaum 1792 barracuda
Scombriformes - Trichiuridae	Trichiurus sp. Trichiurus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae	Lepisosteus sp. Lepisosteus sp. Agassiz 1843 gar
Reptilia
Testudines - Dermochelyidae	Dermochelyidae indet.⁶ Dermochelyidae indet.⁶ Lydekker 1889 leatherback
Testudines - Cheloniidae	sensu lato Cheloniidae indet.⁶ sensu lato Cheloniidae indet.⁶ Bonaparte 1832 sea turtle
Testudines - Trionychidae	Trionychinae indet.⁶ Trionychinae indet.⁶ softshell turtle
Testudines -	Cryptodira indet.⁶, Testudinoidea indet.⁶ Cryptodira indet.⁶ Cope 1868 turtle Testudinoidea indet.⁶ Gray 1825 turtle
Aves
Charadriiformes - Panalcidae	Alcidae indet.¹ Alcidae indet.¹ Leach 1820 auk
Reptilia
Crocodylia - Crocodylidae	Crocodylidae indet. Crocodylidae indet. Cuvier 1807 crocodile
Squamata - Palaeophiidae	Pterosphenus schucherti, Palaeophis africanus⁴ Pterosphenus schucherti Lucas 1898 snake only 11 specimens listed by Parmley and DeVore 2005 Palaeophis africanus⁴ Andrews 1924 snake
Squamata - Colubridae	Colubridae indet.¹, Nebraskophis sp.⁵ Colubridae indet.¹ Oppel 1811 colubrid snake Nebraskophis sp.⁵ Holman 1973 colubrid snake
Mammalia
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Palaeolagus temnodon⁷ Palaeolagus temnodon⁷ Douglass 1902 rabbit
Perissodactyla - Brontotheriidae	Megacerops sp.⁷ Megacerops sp.⁷ Leidy 1870 brontothere
Perissodactyla - Hyracodontidae	Hyracodon sp.⁷ Hyracodon sp.⁷ Leidy 1856 odd-toed ungulate
Carnivora - Amphicyonidae	Daphoenus sp.⁷ Daphoenus sp.⁷ Leidy 1853 bear-dog
Cetacea - Basilosauridae	Basilosauridae indet.⁸, Dorudon sp.⁸ Basilosauridae indet.⁸ Cope 1867 whale Dorudon sp.⁸ Gibbes 1845 whale

¹Chandler and Parmley 2003; ²Parmley and Cicimurri 2003; ³Parmley and Cicimurri 2005; ⁴Parmley and DeVore 2005; ⁵Parmley and Holman 2003; ⁶Parmley et al. 2006; ⁷Rhinehart et al. 2019; ⁸Uhen 2013