Radoboj (Grätz Collection) (Miocene of Croatia)

Where: Croatia (46.2° N, 15.9° E: paleocoordinates 45.7° N, 15.6° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Sarmatian (12.7 - 11.6 Ma)

• Likely early Sarmatian (MN7) in age, based on foraminifera (Bajraktarevic, 1984) and siliceous microfossils (Galovic, 2003) from localities in the vicinity of Krapina.

Environment/lithology: lagoonal or restricted shallow subtidal; lithified limestone

• The deposits of Radoboj are marine deposits accumulated in a shallow epicontinental sea, possibly in a lagoon. In addition to insects, marine fish and algae have been found in Radoboj. The formation of the Pannonian Basin System commenced in the Early and the Middle Miocene as the consequence of the continental collision of the African (=Apulian) and European plates, and deposition in the entire basin was influenced by important extensional tectonics.

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: mold/impression, adpression

Collection methods: Repository: Sammlung zu Grätz, in Naturalienkabinet der Johanneums, sent to Heer by Unger. Includes most (?all) material described and illustrated by Charpentier, 1843.

Primary reference: F. Unger. 1841. Fossile Insecten. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum 19(2):415-428 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 117246: authorized by Matthew Clapham, entered by Matthew Clapham on 18.09.2011, edited by Jered Karr

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
Insecta
 Hymenoptera - Formicidae
Formica obvoluta n. sp.5, "Formica imhoffii n. sp." = Liometopum imhoffii5, "Liometopum imhoffii" = Liometopum imhoffii2, "Poneropsis livida n. sp." = Liometopum imhoffii8, "Poneropsis lugubris n. sp." = Liometopum imhoffii8, "Ponera affinis n. sp." = Liometopum imhoffii5, "Formica schmidtii n. sp." = Liometopum imhoffii5, "Poneropsis morio n. sp." = Liometopum imhoffii8, Dolichoderus heeri n. sp.2, Emplastus miocenicus2, "Formica ocella n. sp." = Emplastus ocellus5, Emplastus dubius n. sp.2, Formica fragilis n. sp.5, "Formica ungeri n. sp." = Formica ungeri5, "Formica kollari n. sp." = Formica ungeri8, "Formica redtenbacheri n. sp." = Formica ungeri5, "Formica aemula n. sp." = Formica ungeri8, "Formica acuminata n. sp." = Formica ungeri5, "Formica oblita n. sp." = Formica ungeri8, "Ponera elongatula n. sp." = Formica ungeri5, Formica obscura5, Attopsis longipes n. sp.8, Attopsis longipes8, Attopsis longipennis n. sp.5, "Formica indurata n. sp." = Camponotites induratus5, "Camponotus induratus" = Camponotites induratus2, "Formica obesa n. sp." = Oecophylla obesa5, "Attopsis nigra n. sp." = Oecophylla obesa5, "Attopsis anthracina n. sp." = Oecophylla obesa5, "Formica pinguis" = Oecophylla obesa5, "Myrmica bremii n. sp." = Gesomyrmex bremii5, "Poneropsis anthracina" = Lasius anthracinus8, "Formica longaeva n. sp." = Lasius longaevus5, "Formica occultata n. sp." = Lasius occultatus5, "Formica pumila n. sp." = Lasius occultatus5, "Formica minutula n. sp." = Lasius occultatus5, "Formica obliterata n. sp." = Lasius occultatus5, "Formica ophthalmica n. sp." = Lasius ophthalmicus5, "Lasius ophthalmicus" = Lasius ophthalmicus2, "Formica globularis n. sp." = Lasius globularis5, "Formica capito" = Lasius globularis7, "Formica longipennis n. sp." = Lasius longipennis5, "Formica atavina n. sp." = Ponerites atavinus5, "Ponera nitida n. sp." = Ponerites nitidus5, "Poneropsis tenuis n. sp." = Ponerites tenuis8, "Formica gracilis n. sp." = Ponerites gracilior8, Formica oculata n. sp.5, Formica obtecta n. sp.5, "Formica longiventris n. sp." = Casaleia longiventris5, "Formica freyeri n. sp." = Lonchomyrmex freyeri8, "Myrmica jurinei n. sp." = Paraphaenogaster jurinei5, "Myrmica concinna n. sp." = Paraphaenogaster jurinei8, "Myrmica tertiaria" = Paraphaenogaster tertiaria5, "Myrmica bicolor n. sp." = Paraphaenogaster tertiaria8, "Myrmica pusilla n. sp." = Myrmecites pusillus5
Formica obvoluta n. sp.5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.646f
"Formica imhoffii n. sp." = Liometopum imhoffii5 Heer 1849 ant
3 males in Heer; gyne UMJG&P 77.491 in Dlussky & Putyatina 2014 (6 more from unspecified coll. in Heer 1867)
"Liometopum imhoffii" = Liometopum imhoffii2 Heer 1849 ant
ssp. radobojana UMJG&P 592(593), 77.637 (Heer 1867 mentions 5 specimens from unspecified collections)
"Poneropsis livida n. sp." = Liometopum imhoffii8 Heer 1849 ant
"Poneropsis lugubris n. sp." = Liometopum imhoffii8 Heer 1849 ant
"Ponera affinis n. sp." = Liometopum imhoffii5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.638
"Formica schmidtii n. sp." = Liometopum imhoffii5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.594, 77.520, 77.577, 77.585, 77.623 (Heer 1867 mentions 39 specimens from unspecified collections)
"Poneropsis morio n. sp." = Liometopum imhoffii8 Heer 1849 ant
1 var. pallens
Dolichoderus heeri n. sp.2 Dlussky and Putyatina 2014 ant
UMJG&P 77.507a, 77.568 (both F. occultata in Heer), 77.569a (F. redtenbacheri in Heer), 77.507b, 77.569b
Emplastus miocenicus2 Dlussky and Putyatina 2014 ant
UMJG&P 77.485 (Formica ungeri in Heer)
"Formica ocella n. sp." = Emplastus ocellus5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.645a, 77.645b(x2), 77.645c
Emplastus dubius n. sp.2 Dlussky and Putyatina 2014 ant
UMJG&P 77.527 (Formica globularis in Heer)
Formica fragilis n. sp.5 Heer 1867 ant
UMJG&P 77.541 (Heer also had 12 males, which are lost)
"Formica ungeri n. sp." = Formica ungeri5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.566, 77.548, 77.502, 77.516 (F. ophthalmica in Heer; pl 9, fig 9b), 77.526, 77.531, 77.532, 77.533, 77.542, 77.551, 211 029, 211 033, 211 027, 211 034 (Heer mentions 10 in 1849 and 50 in 1867, but many are other species or unidentifiable: Dlussky & Putyatina 2014)
"Formica kollari n. sp." = Formica ungeri8 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.574
"Formica redtenbacheri n. sp." = Formica ungeri5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.510 (Heer mentions 12 in 1849 and 62 in 1867, but many are other species or unidentifiable: Dlussky & Putyatina 2014)
"Formica aemula n. sp." = Formica ungeri8 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.519 (Heer described five, but three are unidentifiable: Mayr 1867 and Dlussky & Putyatina 2014)
"Formica acuminata n. sp." = Formica ungeri5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.645g
"Formica oblita n. sp." = Formica ungeri8 Heer 1849 ant
"Ponera elongatula n. sp." = Formica ungeri5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.641 (in Dlussky & Putyatina 2014; different from Heer's figured syntype)
Formica obscura5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.536 (Heer also included three abdomens, which are unidentifiable: Dlussky & Putyatina 2014)
Attopsis longipes n. sp.8 Heer 1867 ant
UMJG&P 77.561
Attopsis longipes8 Heer 1867 ant
UMJG&P 77.561
Attopsis longipennis n. sp.5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 210 962
"Formica indurata n. sp." = Camponotites induratus5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.632
"Camponotus induratus" = Camponotites induratus2 Heer 1849 ant
ssp. radobojana; UMJG&P 77.644c, 645h, 645i, 646b, 646g
"Formica obesa n. sp." = Oecophylla obesa5 Heer 1849 weaver ant
UMJG&P 77.625, 77.546
"Attopsis nigra n. sp." = Oecophylla obesa5 Heer 1849 weaver ant
Count from Heer (1867)
"Attopsis anthracina n. sp." = Oecophylla obesa5 Heer 1849 weaver ant
Count from Heer (1867)
"Formica pinguis" = Oecophylla obesa5 Heer 1849 weaver ant
ssp. radobojana; UMJG&P 77.646a
"Myrmica bremii n. sp." = Gesomyrmex bremii5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.482
"Poneropsis anthracina" = Lasius anthracinus8 Heer 1867 ant
Heer's four syntypes lost; UMJG&P 77.497, 77.506, 77.590 in Dlussky & Putyatina 2014
"Formica longaeva n. sp." = Lasius longaevus5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.580 (surviving Heer syntype), 77.504, 77.511, 77.570, 77.575, 211 031 (Heer 1867 mentions 16)
"Formica occultata n. sp." = Lasius occultatus5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.499, 77.505, 77.512, 77.514, 77.529, 77.579, 77.587, 211 030 (Heer listed 549 specimens but most are other species or unidentifiable)
"Formica pumila n. sp." = Lasius occultatus5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.644b (Heer's syntype lost)
"Formica minutula n. sp." = Lasius occultatus5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.543
"Formica obliterata n. sp." = Lasius occultatus5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.565 (Heer's two syntypes lost)
"Formica ophthalmica n. sp." = Lasius ophthalmicus5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.646e (only of Heer's syntypes belonging to this species), 77.492, 77.496, 77.508, 77.517, 77.557, 77.588; Heer 1867 lists 32 specimens.
"Lasius ophthalmicus" = Lasius ophthalmicus2 Heer 1849 ant
ssp. radobojana; UMJG&P 77.539 (fig. in 1867); Heer 1867 lists 41 specimens.
"Formica globularis n. sp." = Lasius globularis5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.635, 77.552, 77.567
"Formica capito" = Lasius globularis7 Heer 1849 ant
"Formica longipennis n. sp." = Lasius longipennis5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.503 (surviving syntype), 77.644a (F. pumila in Heer, pl 11, fig 15a), 77.646a (F. pumila in Heer, pl 10, fig 9h)
"Formica atavina n. sp." = Ponerites atavinus5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.582
"Ponera nitida n. sp." = Ponerites nitidus5 Heer 1849 ant
Heer's holotype lost; neotype UMJG&P 77.622
"Poneropsis tenuis n. sp." = Ponerites tenuis8 Heer 1867 ant
UMJG&P 77.589
"Formica gracilis n. sp." = Ponerites gracilior8 Dlussky and Putyatina 2014 ant
UMJG&P 77.544
Formica oculata n. sp.5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.646d
Formica obtecta n. sp.5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.646c (Heer also included an isolated gaster, which is unidentifiable beyond family level)
"Formica longiventris n. sp." = Casaleia longiventris5 Heer 1849 ant
UMJG&P 77.584
"Formica freyeri n. sp." = Lonchomyrmex freyeri8 Heer 1867 ant
Heer had a single holotype and Mayr examined another; both now lost (presumably type at least from this collection)
"Myrmica jurinei n. sp." = Paraphaenogaster jurinei5 Heer 1849 ant
Heer's holotype lost; neotype UMJG&P 211 032 (ID as Attopsis anthracina by Heer)
"Myrmica concinna n. sp." = Paraphaenogaster jurinei8 Heer 1849 ant
"Myrmica tertiaria" = Paraphaenogaster tertiaria5 Heer 1849 ant
Specimens examined by Heer and Mayr (not lost)
"Myrmica bicolor n. sp." = Paraphaenogaster tertiaria8 Heer 1849 ant
"Myrmica pusilla n. sp." = Myrmecites pusillus5 Heer 1849 ant
Heer's holotype lost (presumably from this collection)
 Coleoptera - Staphylinidae
Omalium protogaeae n. sp.4, Silpha obsoleta n. sp.4
Omalium protogaeae n. sp.4 Heer 1847 rove beetle
Silpha obsoleta n. sp.4 Heer 1847 rove beetle
 Coleoptera - Hydrophilidae
Hydrobius longicollis n. sp.4
Hydrobius longicollis n. sp.4 Heer 1847 water scavenger beetle
 Coleoptera - Nitidulidae
Nitidula radobojana n. sp.4
Nitidula radobojana n. sp.4 Heer 1847 sap beetle
 Coleoptera - Cerambycidae
Acanthoderes phrixi n. sp.4
Acanthoderes phrixi n. sp.4 Heer 1847 longhorned beetle
 Coleoptera - Dytiscidae
"Colymbetes ungeri n. sp." = Agabus ungeri4
"Colymbetes ungeri n. sp." = Agabus ungeri4 Heer 1847 predaceous diving beetle
 Neuroptera - Myrmeleontidae
Myrmeleon reticulatum n. sp.1
Myrmeleon reticulatum n. sp.1 Charpentier 1843 antlion
 Lepidoptera - Nymphalidae
"Sphinx atavus n. sp." = Nymphalites atavus1
"Sphinx atavus n. sp." = Nymphalites atavus1 Charpentier 1843 brush-footed butterfly
 Hemiptera - Pentatomidae
Pentatoma lividum n. sp.6, Neurocoris elongatus n. sp.6
Pentatoma lividum n. sp.6 Heer 1853 stink bug
Neurocoris elongatus n. sp.6 Heer 1853 stink bug
 Hemiptera - Acanthosomatidae
Acanthosoma livida n. sp.6, Acanthosoma morloti6
Acanthosoma livida n. sp.6 Heer 1853 shield bug
Acanthosoma morloti6 Heer 1853 shield bug
 Hemiptera - Cydnidae
Cydnopsis haidingeri6
Cydnopsis haidingeri6 Heer 1853 burrowing bug
 Hemiptera - Aradidae
Aradus antediluvianus n. sp.6
Aradus antediluvianus n. sp.6 Heer 1853 flat bug
 Hemiptera - Heterogastridae
Heterogaster radobojanus n. sp.6
Heterogaster radobojanus n. sp.6 Heer 1853 true bug
 Hemiptera - Coreidae
Palaeocoris spectabilis n. gen. n. sp.6, Spartocerus maculatus n. sp.6, Coreites oblongus n. sp.6, Coreites crassus n. sp.6
Palaeocoris spectabilis n. gen. n. sp.6 Heer 1853 leaf-footed bug
Spartocerus maculatus n. sp.6 Heer 1853 leaf-footed bug
Coreites oblongus n. sp.6 Heer 1853 leaf-footed bug
Coreites crassus n. sp.6 Heer 1853 leaf-footed bug
 Hemiptera - Nabidae
"Nabis maculata" = Nabis maculatus6, "Nabis livida" = Nabis lividus6
"Nabis maculata" = Nabis maculatus6 Heer 1853 true bug
"Nabis livida" = Nabis lividus6 Heer 1853 true bug
 Hemiptera - Tingidae
Tingis obscura n. sp.6
Tingis obscura n. sp.6 Heer 1853 lace bug
 Hemiptera - Cicadidae
"Cicada bifasciata n. sp." = Cicada heeri6, "Cicada ungeri n. sp." = Paleopsalta ungeri6
"Cicada bifasciata n. sp." = Cicada heeri6 Dmitriev 2020 cicada
"Cicada ungeri n. sp." = Paleopsalta ungeri6 Heer 1853 cicada
 Hemiptera - Aphrophoridae
"Cercopis ungeri n. sp." = Aphrophora ungeri6
"Cercopis ungeri n. sp." = Aphrophora ungeri6 Heer 1853 froghopper
 Hemiptera - Cercopidae
"Cercopis haidingeri" = Locrites haidingeri6, "Cercopis fasciata" = Cercopis oswaldi6, "Hylotoma cineracea n. sp." = Cercopis charpentieri1, Cercopis longicollis n. sp.6
"Cercopis haidingeri" = Locrites haidingeri6 Heer 1853 froghopper
"Cercopis fasciata" = Cercopis oswaldi6 Dmitriev 2020 froghopper
"Hylotoma cineracea n. sp." = Cercopis charpentieri1 Heer 1853 froghopper
6 in Gratz and Wien collections (arbitrarily divided in half); unnecessarily replaced by Cercopis charpentieri Heer
Cercopis longicollis n. sp.6 Heer 1853 froghopper
 Hemiptera - Cicadellidae
"Acocephalus curtulus n. sp." = Aphrodes curtulus6
"Acocephalus curtulus n. sp." = Aphrodes curtulus6 Heer 1853 leafhopper
 Hemiptera - Aphididae
"Aphis pallescens" = Greenidea pallescens6, "Aphis morloti" = Greenidea morloti6, Lachnus pectorosus n. sp.6
"Aphis pallescens" = Greenidea pallescens6 Heer 1853 aphid
"Aphis morloti" = Greenidea morloti6 Heer 1853 aphid
Lachnus pectorosus n. sp.6 Heer 1853 aphid
 Blattodea - Mastotermitidae
"Termes (Termopsis) procerus n. sp." = Miotermes procerus5, Mastotermes croaticus n. sp.9
"Termes (Termopsis) procerus n. sp." = Miotermes procerus5 Heer 1849 termite
Includes T. pristinus Charpentier Pl 23, fig 4
Mastotermes croaticus n. sp.9 von Rosen 1913 termite
 Blattodea - Termitidae
"Termes pristinus n. sp." = Macrotermes pristinus1
"Termes pristinus n. sp." = Macrotermes pristinus1 Charpentier 1843 termite
5 (1 questionable) by Heer; three were illustrated by Charpentier
 Orthoptera - Acrididae
Oedipoda melanosticta n. sp.1
Oedipoda melanosticta n. sp.1 Charpentier 1843 spur-throated grasshopper
VGB 73, 78 in Zeuner, 1941; Heer mentions three but Charpentier illustrates five
 Orthoptera - Gryllacrididae
"Myrmeleon brevipenne n. sp." = Gryllacris brevipennis1
"Myrmeleon brevipenne n. sp." = Gryllacris brevipennis1 Charpentier 1843 leaf-rolling cricket
 Odonata - Corduliidae
"Libellula platyptera n. sp." = Croatocordulia platyptera1
"Libellula platyptera n. sp." = Croatocordulia platyptera1 Charpentier 1843 green-eyed skimmer
 Odonata - Dysagrionidae
"Lestes coloratus n. sp." = Phenacolestes coloratus3
"Lestes coloratus n. sp." = Phenacolestes coloratus3 Hagen 1848 damselfly
Calopteryx sp. in Charpentier, 1841. Specimen lost
 Diptera - Limoniidae
Rhipidia extincta n. sp.
Rhipidia extincta n. sp. Unger 1841 crane fly
 Diptera - Tipulidae
"Rhipidia maior n. sp." = Tipula maior, Tipula maculipennis5
"Rhipidia maior n. sp." = Tipula maior Unger 1841 crane fly
Tipula maculipennis5 Heer 1849 crane fly
 Diptera -
Anthomyia morio n. sp.5
Anthomyia morio n. sp.5 Heer 1849 fly
 Diptera - Xylophagidae
Bibio ungeri n. sp.5
Bibio ungeri n. sp.5 Heer 1849 fly
Bibio lignarius in Unger (Pl 72, fig 5A)
 Diptera - Asilidae
Leptogaster hellii n. sp.
Leptogaster hellii n. sp. Unger 1841 grass fly
 Diptera - Tephritidae
"Tephritis antiqua n. sp." = Chetostoma antiqua5
"Tephritis antiqua n. sp." = Chetostoma antiqua5 Heer 1849 fruit fly
 Diptera - Bibionidae
"Protomyia lygaeoides n. sp." = Plecia lygaeoides5, "Protomyia latipennis n. sp." = Plecia lygaeoides5, "Bibio pinguis n. sp." = Dilophus pinguis5, "Bibio giganteus n. sp." = Bibio giganteus, "Bibio maculatus" = Bibio giganteus5, Bibio firmus n. sp.5, Bibio enterodelus n. sp., "Bibio gracilis n. sp." = Penthetria gracilis, "Bibio murchisonis n. sp." = Penthetria murchisonii, "Bibiopsis cimicoides n. sp." = Penthetria cimicoides5, "Protomyia longa" = Penthetria longa5
"Protomyia lygaeoides n. sp." = Plecia lygaeoides5 Heer 1849 love bug
Bibio lignarius in Unger (Pl 72, fig 5B)
"Protomyia latipennis n. sp." = Plecia lygaeoides5 Heer 1849 love bug
"Bibio pinguis n. sp." = Dilophus pinguis5 Heer 1849 march fly
SLJG 77473; Bibio pinguis radobojanus
"Bibio giganteus n. sp." = Bibio giganteus Unger 1841 march fly
"Bibio maculatus" = Bibio giganteus5 Unger 1841 march fly
Bibio firmus n. sp.5 Heer 1849 march fly
Bibio enterodelus n. sp. Unger 1841 march fly
"Bibio gracilis n. sp." = Penthetria gracilis Unger 1841 march fly
"Bibio murchisonis n. sp." = Penthetria murchisonii Unger 1841 march fly
"Bibiopsis cimicoides n. sp." = Penthetria cimicoides5 Heer 1849 march fly
SLJG, no catalogue number (Skartveit & Krizmanic, 2020)
"Protomyia longa" = Penthetria longa5 Heer 1849 march fly
1Charpentier 1843; 2Dlussky and Putyatina 2014; 3Hagen 1848; 4Heer 1847; 5Heer 1849; 6Heer 1853; 7Heer 1856; 8Heer 1867; 9von Rosen 1913