Where: Norte de Santander, Colombia (9.0° N, 73.0° W: paleocoordinates 6.5° N, 64.5° W)
• coordinate stated in text
• basin-level geographic resolution
When: III pollen zone, Middle Eocene (47.8 - 37.7 Ma)
• The base of the Mirador is drawn at the level where the sandstones of the formation rest on the claystones or siltstones of the Los Cuervos. The contact is easily recognized and is, at least locally, unconformable. The Mirador/Los Cuervos contact represents a major change in sedimentation for the region, as it marks the appearance, at higher levels than the Uribante, of abundant, coarse, 'clean' sandstones give way to grey, micaceous, and in part sandy, shales which form the lowermost sediments of the overlying Carbonera Formation.
• bed-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: fluvial-deltaic; lithified, massive, fine-grained, coarse, conglomeratic sandstone and lithified, lenticular, brown, argillaceous shale
Size class: microfossils
• Pollen grain
Preservation: soft parts, original sporopollenin
Collection methods: From each coal or lignite layer several individual samples were analyzed, or the results of several samples were pooled.
Primary reference: A. E. González-Guzmán. 1967. A palynological study on the upper Los Cuervos and Mirador formations (Lower and middle Eocene; Tibu area, Colombia). 1-68 [C. Jaramillo/A. Cardenas /C. Jaramillo]more details
Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis
PaleoDB collection 136828: authorized by Carlos Jaramillo, entered by Andrés Cárdenas on 05.12.2012
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
Ginkgoopsida | |
Ephedripites sp. Bolkhovitina and Potonié 1958
Ephedripites vanegensis Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966 | |
Magnoliopsida | |
"Retitricolporites hispidus" = Rhoipites hispidus, Foveotricolporites marginatus, Foveotricolporites voluminosus, "Retitricolpites florentinus" = Rousea florentina, "Retitricolporites medius" = Siltaria media, Psilatricolporites normalis, Echimonocolpites densus, Gemmatricolpites pulcher, Foveotriporites hammenii, Retitricolporites marianis, Retitricolporites saskiae, Retitricolporites equatorialis, Retitricolporites craceus, Retitricolporites finitus, Striatricolporites agustinus, Brevitricolpites variabilis, Gemmamonocolpites ovatus, Gemmamonocolpites amicus, Gemmamonocolpites barbatus
"Retitricolporites hispidus" = Rhoipites hispidus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Foveotricolporites marginatus González-Guzmán 1967
Foveotricolporites voluminosus González-Guzmán 1967
"Retitricolpites florentinus" = Rousea florentina Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
"Retitricolporites medius" = Siltaria media Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Psilatricolporites normalis González-Guzmán 1967
Echimonocolpites densus González-Guzmán 1967
Gemmatricolpites pulcher González-Guzmán 1967
Foveotriporites hammenii González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolporites marianis González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolporites saskiae González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolporites equatorialis González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolporites craceus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolporites finitus González-Guzmán 1967
Striatricolporites agustinus González-Guzmán 1967
Brevitricolpites variabilis González-Guzmán 1967
Gemmamonocolpites ovatus González-Guzmán 1967
Gemmamonocolpites amicus González-Guzmán 1967
Gemmamonocolpites barbatus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Dicotyledoneae | |
Ericipites annulatus González-Guzmán 1967 heather | |
Heterocolpites paluster González-Guzmán 1967 | |
"Jussitriporites undulatus" = Corsinipollenites undulatus
"Jussitriporites undulatus" = Corsinipollenites undulatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 willowherb | |
Angiospermae | |
Clavamonocolpites terrificus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Proxapertites operculatus Van der Hammen 1956 | |
Racemonocolpites racematus, Racemonocolpites romanus, Racemonocolpites facilis, Mauritiidites franciscoi, Longapertites brasiliensis, Longapertites fossuloides, Longapertites proxapertitoides, Longapertites proxapertitoides, "Retimonocolpites regio" = Arecipites regio
Racemonocolpites racematus Van der Hammen 1954 palm
Racemonocolpites romanus González-Guzmán 1967 palm
Racemonocolpites facilis González-Guzmán 1967 palm
Mauritiidites franciscoi van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964 palm
Longapertites brasiliensis González-Guzmán 1967 palm
Longapertites fossuloides González-Guzmán 1967 palm
Longapertites proxapertitoides Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966 palm Longapertites proxapertitoides proxapertitoides
Longapertites proxapertitoides Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966 palm Longapertites proxapertitoides reticuloides
"Retimonocolpites regio" = Arecipites regio Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 palm | |
Echitriporites trianguliformis van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964 | |
Retidiporites agilis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Perfotricolpites digitatus González-Guzmán 1967 bindweed
Perfotricolpites semistriatus González-Guzmán 1967 bindweed | |
Retimonocolpites splendidus González-Guzmán 1967
Retimonocolpites bernardii González-Guzmán 1967
Retimonocolpites tertiarius González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Spirosyncolpites spiralis González-Guzmán 1967 legume
Spirosyncolpites clavatus González-Guzmán 1967 legume | |
Monoporites annuloides González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Scabratricolporites | |
Scabratricolpites tibialis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retitriporites | |
Retitriporites dubiosus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitriporites federicii González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Psilatricolporites operculatus | |
"Psilatricolporites operculatus" = Ranunculacidites operculatus
"Psilatricolporites operculatus" = Ranunculacidites operculatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 Psilatricolpites operculatus medius and Psilatricolpites operculatus minutus
| |
Retisyncolporites angularis | |
Retisyncolporites angularis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retisyncolporites aureus | |
Retisyncolporites aureus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retibrevitricolpites | |
Retibrevitricolpites catatumbus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retibrevitricolpites triangulatus | |
Retibrevitricolpites triangulatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966 | |
Foveotricolpites | |
Foveotricolpites pomarius Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
Foveotricolpites genuinus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Psilastephanocolpites | |
Psilastephanocolpites verrucosus González-Guzmán 1967
Psilastephanocolpites marginatus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Scabratriporites | |
Scabratriporites redundans González-Guzmán 1967
Scabratriporites moderatus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retistephanocolpites angeli | |
Retistephanocolpites angeli Leidelmeyer 1966 | |
Retistephanocolpites | |
Retistephanocolpites minutus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Verrutricolpites | |
Verrutricolpites irregularis González-Guzmán 1967
Verrutricolpites unicus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Psilamonocolpites medius | |
Psilamonocolpites medius Van der Hammen 1954 | |
Retitricolporites irregularis | |
"Retitricolporites irregularis" = Retitrescolpites irregularis
"Retitricolporites irregularis" = Retitrescolpites irregularis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 | |
Retitricolpites saturum | |
"Retitricolpites saturum" = Retitrescolpites saturum
"Retitricolpites saturum" = Retitrescolpites saturum Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 | |
Psilatricolpites | |
Psilatricolpites simplex Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Psilatricolpites minutus González-Guzmán 1967
Psilatricolpites acerbus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retitricolpites | |
Retitricolpites maledictus, Retitricolpites conciliatus, Retitricolpites adultus, Retitricolpites antonii, Retitricolpites constrictus, Retitricolpites bonus, Retitricolpites incisus, Retitricolpites perditus, Retitricolpites adeptus, Retitricolpites absolutus n. sp., Retitricolpites minutus, Retitricolpites clarensis, Retitricolpites simplex, Retitricolpites maturus
Retitricolpites maledictus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites conciliatus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites adultus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites antonii González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites constrictus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites bonus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites incisus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites perditus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites adeptus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites absolutus n. sp. Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Retitricolpites minutus Kedves 1999
Retitricolpites clarensis González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites simplex González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites maturus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Polypodiopsida | |
Cicatricosisporites dorogensis Potonie and Gelletich 1933 | |
"Psilamonoletes tibui" = Laevigatosporites tibuensis
"Psilamonoletes tibui" = Laevigatosporites tibuensis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 | |
Psilatriletes guaduensis | |
Psilatriletes guaduensis Van der Hammen 1954 | |
Psiladiporites | |
Psiladiporites redundantis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Verrumonoletes usmensoides | |
Verrumonoletes usmensoides Van der Hammen 1956 | |
Classites capucinii | |
Classites capucinii González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retistephanocolporites | |
Retistephanocolporites festivus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Echinoidites problematicus | |
Echinoidites problematicus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retiheterocolpites tertiarius | |
Retiheterocolpites tertiarius González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Annutriporites iversenii | |
Annutriporites iversenii Gonzalez Guzman 1967 | |
Plicapollis | |
Plicapollis arcii González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Magnatriporites abstractus | |
Magnatriporites abstractus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Echimorphomonocolpites gracilis | |
Echimorphomonocolpites gracilis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Echimorphomonocolpites solitarius | |
Echimorphomonocolpites solitarius González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Longitrichotomocolpites triangularis | |
Longitrichotomocolpites triangularis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Gemmastephanoporites polymorphus | |
Gemmastephanoporites polymorphus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Gemmastephanoporites breviculus | |
Gemmastephanoporites breviculus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Polotricolporites mocinnii | |
Polotricolporites mocinnii González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Polotricolporites concretus | |
Polotricolporites concretus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Polotricolporites versabilis | |
Polotricolporites versabilis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Clavainaperturites clavatus | |
Clavainaperturites clavatus Van der Hammen and Wijmstra 1964 | |
Clavainaperturites | |
Clavainaperturites ? cordatus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Papillamonocolpites splendens | |
Papillamonocolpites splendens González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Semitectotriporites gratus | |
Semitectotriporites gratus González-Guzmán 1967 |