Where: Niger (17.0° N, 9.8° E: paleocoordinates 17.0° N, 9.8° E)
• coordinate estimated from map
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Holocene (0.0 - 0.0 Ma)
• age is "Phase 3-Mid-Holocene Occupation (5200-2500 B.C.E.)" based on numerous 14C AMS dates on enamel and bone
• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: dune; lithified, calcareous sandstone
Size class: macrofossils
• human remains constitute a cemetary, and artifacts are of the "Tenerean industry"; preservation of other vertebrates is not discussed, but there are "numerous rodent marks on human bone and ornaments"
Collected in 2006, 2007
Collection methods: quarrying,
• museum repository is not discussed, but only some skeletons were "removed in plaster jackets" and prepared
•site discovered in 2000 and visited in 2003 but not worked until 2006 and 2007
Primary reference: P. C. Sereno, E. A. A. Garcea, H. Jousse, C. M. Stojanowski, J.-F. Saliège, A. Maga, O. A. Ide, K. J. Knudson, A. M. Mercuri, T. W. Stafford, Jr., T. G. Kaye, C. Giraudi, I. Massamba N'siala, E. Cocca, H. M. Moots, D. B. Dutheil, and J. P. Stivers. 2008. Lakeside cemeteries in the Sahara: 5000 years of Holocene population and environmental change. PLoS ONE 3(8):e2995 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details
Purpose of describing collection: archaeological analysis
PaleoDB collection 83304: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 15.08.2008
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Aves | |
Struthio camelus Linnaeus 1758 common ostrich | |
Reptilia | |
Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti 1768 Nile crocodile | |
Python sebae Gmelin 1789 rock python | |
Varanus sp. Merrem 1820 monitor lizard | |
Pelusios adansonii Schweigger 1812 Adansons mud turtle | |
Trionychidae indet. Gray 1825 softshell turtle | |
Mammalia | |
Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758 golden jackal | |
Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus 1758 hippo | |
Redunca redunca Hamilton Smith 1827 bohor reedbuck
Bos taurus Linnaeus 1758 cow | |
Rodentia indet. Bowdich 1821 rodent | |
Homo sapiens Linnaeus 1758 human | |
Actinopteri | |
Gymnarchus niloticus aba knifefish | |
Heterotis niloticus African arowana | |
Lates niloticus Linnaeus 1758 Nile perch | |
Cyprinidae indet. Rafinesque 1815 carp-like fish | |
Synodontis sp. Cuvier 1816 upside down catfish | |
Clarias sp. Scopoli 1777 catfish | |
Bagridae indet. Bleeker 1852 naked catfish | |
Cladistia | |
Polypterus sp. Lacépède 1803 bichir | |
Gastropoda | |
Melanoides tuberculata Müller 1774 snail | |
Bivalvia | |
Mutela sp. Scopoli 1777 clam | |
? Aspatharia sp. Bourguignat 1885 clam |