Karikal (Pliocene of India)

Also known as 58 N/13, A.1-2, B.1-2

Where: India (10.9° N, 79.8° E: paleocoordinates 9.3° N, 79.4° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Pliocene (5.3 - 2.6 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From unknown lithostratigraphic unit (not stated in text) and hence lithostratigraphic relationships are unknown. AGE: Pliocene, based on faunal correlations with other assemblages of the Middle East, Pakistan, India and Indonesia.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; unlithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Siliciclastic facies. No other environmenta data reported in text.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Unknown, presumably siliciclastic. LITHIFICATION: Unlithified, assumed given apparent excellent preservation of specimens, and large collection.

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: surface (in situ),

• COLLECTOR: Unknown. REPOSITORY: Presumably BMNH.

Primary reference: F. E. Eames. 1950. On the ages of certain Upper Tertiary beds of Peninsula India and Ceylon. Geological Magazine 87:233-252 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis

PaleoDB collection 77658: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 16.01.2008

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Limited to representative forms of gastropoda and bivalvia. NOMENCLATURE: Not an authoritative publication and somewhat antiquated, though nevertheless, consistent use of subgenera and species-resolution assignments permit nomenclatural vetting.
unclassified
  -
Bivalvia
 Nuculanida - Nuculanidae
"Nuculana (Saccella) inaequirugata" = Saccella
"Nuculana (Saccella) inaequirugata" = Saccella pointed nut clam
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
 Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
"Ostrea (Lopha) hyotis" = Hyotissa hyotis
"Ostrea (Lopha) hyotis" = Hyotissa hyotis Linnaeus 1758 Honeycomb Oyster
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
"Ostrea (Cubitostrea) karikalensis" = Cubitostrea
"Ostrea (Cubitostrea) karikalensis" = Cubitostrea oyster
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
"Chlamys senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria, Chlamys (Aequipecten) tjaringinensis, Pecten vexilloides, "Chlamys (Aequipecten) martini" = Aequipecten
"Chlamys senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria Gmelin 1791 scallop
Chlamys (Aequipecten) tjaringinensis Martin 1909 scallop
INCLUDES: Chlamys (Aequipecten) tjaringinensis karikalensis
"Chlamys (Aequipecten) martini" = Aequipecten scallop
 Arcida - Glycymerididae
 Arcida - Cucullaeidae
 Arcida - Arcidae
Anadara tambacana, "Anadara ferruginea" = Anadara (Cunearca) ferruginea, Anadara craticulata, "Anadara (Scapharca) bonneti" = Scapharca
Anadara tambacana Martin 1883 ark
"Anadara ferruginea" = Anadara (Cunearca) ferruginea Reeve 1844 rusty ark
Anadara craticulata Nyst 1848 ark
"Anadara (Scapharca) bonneti" = Scapharca clam
 Arcida - Noetiidae
"Arcopsis bataviana" = Arcopsis (Arcopsis) bataviana
"Arcopsis bataviana" = Arcopsis (Arcopsis) bataviana Martin 1883 clam
 Carditida - Carditidae
 Carditida - Crassatellidae
"Crassatina" bonneti clam
INCLUDES: "Crassatina" bonneti marwicki
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
 Cardiida - Solecurtidae
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
 Cardiida - Psammobiidae
 Cardiida - Veneridae
Clausinella karikalensis, Timoclea semiradiata, Timoclea "sp. A", Sunetta dautzenbergi, "Clementia papyracea" = Clementia (Clementia) papyracea, "Cyprimeria" nepotina, "Macrocallista (Costacallista) erycina" = Costacallista erycina, "Circe (Circenita) tivelinoides" = Gouldia (Circenita)
Timoclea "sp. A" Brown 1827 venus clam
"Clementia papyracea" = Clementia (Clementia) papyracea Gray 1825 venus clam
"Macrocallista (Costacallista) erycina" = Costacallista erycina Linnaeaus 1758 venus clam
"Circe (Circenita) tivelinoides" = Gouldia (Circenita) venus clam
 Cardiida - Glossidae
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
Scaphopoda
 Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
"Dentalium (Tesseracme) proteiforme" = Tesseracme
"Dentalium (Tesseracme) proteiforme" = Tesseracme tusk shell
Gastropoda
 Opisthobranchia - Cylichnidae
 Heterostropha - Ringiculidae
 Heterostropha - Acteonidae
Pupa solidula Linnaeus 1758 snail
 Heterostropha - Architectonicidae
"Architectonica affine" = Architectonica affinis Sowerby 1840 sundial
[entered as Architectonica affinis]
 Heterostropha - Pyramidellidae
 Heterostropha - Mathildidae
 Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae
Sigapatella subcentralis, "Crucibulum (Bicatillus) conulatum" = Calyptraea (Bicatillus)
"Crucibulum (Bicatillus) conulatum" = Calyptraea (Bicatillus) slipper shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Rissoidae
 Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae
Tibia fusus true conch
"Strombus karikalensis" = Strombus (Laevistrombus) karikalensis Cossmann 1903 conch
 Sorbeoconcha - Rostellariidae
Dientomochilus margaritae, "Dientomochilus cancellatus" = Varicospira cancellata
"Dientomochilus cancellatus" = Varicospira cancellata Lamarck 1816 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Ficidae
 Neogastropoda - Costellariidae
 Neogastropoda - Turbinellidae
""Afer" couderti" = Tudivasum (Afer), "Afer macrospira" = Tudivasum (Afer), "Xancus pirum" = Turbinella
""Afer" couderti" = Tudivasum (Afer) snail
"Afer macrospira" = Tudivasum (Afer) snail
"Xancus pirum" = Turbinella snail
 Neogastropoda - Marginellidae
"Marginella (Eratoidea) bonneti" = Eratoidea, "Marginella (Eratoidea) karikalensis" = Eratoidea, "Marginella (Prunum) oligoptycha" = Prunum
"Marginella (Eratoidea) bonneti" = Eratoidea margin shell
"Marginella (Eratoidea) karikalensis" = Eratoidea margin shell
"Marginella (Prunum) oligoptycha" = Prunum margin shell
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Cymia sacellum, ""Xymenella" infratabulata" = Xymene, Murex (Tubicauda) bonneti, Muricopsis diarti, "Typhis (Laevityphis) tetragoniatus" = Siphonochelus (Laevityphis)
Cymia sacellum Chemntiz 1788 murex snail
""Xymenella" infratabulata" = Xymene murex snail
Murex (Tubicauda) bonneti Cossman 1903 murex snail
Muricopsis diarti murex snail
"Typhis (Laevityphis) tetragoniatus" = Siphonochelus (Laevityphis) murex snail
 Neogastropoda - Cystiscidae
 Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
"Merica asperella" = Cancellaria (Merica) snail
"Merica verbeeki" = Cancellaria (Merica) snail
Trigonostoma crispatum Sowerby 1855 snail
 Neogastropoda - Olividae
"Olivancillaria (Anazola) acuminata" = Anazola, "Ancilla (Sparellina) candida" = Ancilla ampla, Ancilla (Alocospira) tornata, Olivancillaria gibbosa, Oliva (Neocyclindrus) irisans
"Olivancillaria (Anazola) acuminata" = Anazola olive snail
"Ancilla (Sparellina) candida" = Ancilla ampla Gmelin 1791 olive snail
 Neogastropoda - Clavatulidae
"Turricula javana" = Turricula, "Turricula nellii" = Turricula, ""Surcula" streptopleura" = Turricula
"Turricula javana" = Turricula snail
"Turricula nellii" = Turricula snail
""Surcula" streptopleura" = Turricula snail
 Neogastropoda - Raphitomidae
 Neogastropoda - Clathurellidae
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
"Conus (Leptoconus) vimineus" = Conasprella (Fusiconus) vimineus Reeve 1849 cone shell
SUBSPECIES: Conus (Leptoconus) vimineus subvimineus
Conus (Lithoconus) litteratus Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
Conus (Dendroconus) quercinus Solander 1786 cone shell
Conus (Leptoconus) bonneti Cossmann 1900 cone shell
Conus (Dendroconus) figulinus Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Borsoniidae
 Neogastropoda - Mangeliidae
""Mangelia" quadricarinata" = Cythara (Mangelia), ""Mangilia" houdasi" = Cythara (Mangelia)
""Mangelia" quadricarinata" = Cythara (Mangelia) snail
""Mangilia" houdasi" = Cythara (Mangelia) snail
 Neogastropoda - Terebridae
Duplicaria mariesi, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) continuicosta" = Strioterebrum, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) karikalensis" = Strioterebrum, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) vredenburgi" = Strioterebrum, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) intermedia" = Strioterebrum intermedia, Terebra (Myruella) cingulifera
Duplicaria mariesi auger snail
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) continuicosta" = Strioterebrum auger snail
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) karikalensis" = Strioterebrum auger snail
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) vredenburgi" = Strioterebrum auger snail
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) intermedia" = Strioterebrum intermedia Vredenburg 1921 auger snail
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
Perrona unisulcata Cossmann 1900 turrid
"Brachytoma sacra" = Tylotiella sacra Reeve 1845 turrid
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
Nassarius francoindicus, "Nassarius (Amyclina) dimorphus" = Nassarius (Zeuxis) olivaceus, "Nassarius (Hinia) colpophorus" = Nassarius (Hinia), ""Hinia" karikalensis" = Nassarius (Hinia), Nassarius (Telasco) verbeeki, "Nassarius (Niotha) gemmulatus" = Nassarius (Niotha) variegatus, "Cyllene varians" = Cyllene fuscata, Nassaria mekranica
"Nassarius (Amyclina) dimorphus" = Nassarius (Zeuxis) olivaceus BruguiƩre 1789 snail
"Nassarius (Hinia) colpophorus" = Nassarius (Hinia) snail
""Hinia" karikalensis" = Nassarius (Hinia) snail
Nassarius (Telasco) verbeeki Martin 1895 snail
"Nassarius (Niotha) gemmulatus" = Nassarius (Niotha) variegatus Adams 1851 snail
"Cyllene varians" = Cyllene fuscata Adams 1851 snail
 Neogastropoda - Columbellidae
"Atilia crassicostata" = Mitrella (Atilia)
"Atilia crassicostata" = Mitrella (Atilia) snail
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
Cantharus tranquebaricus Gmelin 1791 true whelk
Nassarius (Hebra) bonneti Cossmann 1901 true whelk
""Austrosipho" heptozodes" = Penion true whelk
Babylonia spirata Linnaeus 1758 true whelk
 Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae
Fusinus perplexus, ""Clavilithes" verbeeki" = Mancorus verbeeki
""Clavilithes" verbeeki" = Mancorus verbeeki Martin 1895 snail
 Neogastropoda -
 Neogastropoda - Mitridae
 Sorbeoconcha - Xenophoridae
"Tugurium calculiferum" = Onustus
"Tugurium calculiferum" = Onustus carrier shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae
"Phalium (Semicassis) bonneti" = Semicassis, "Phalium (Semicassis) sculptum" = Semicassis
"Phalium (Semicassis) bonneti" = Semicassis snail
"Phalium (Semicassis) sculptum" = Semicassis snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Ranellidae
"Argobuccinum (Ranella) bitubercularis" = Gyrineum bituberculare
"Argobuccinum (Ranella) bitubercularis" = Gyrineum bituberculare Lamarck 1816 triton shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Personidae
"Distorsio reticulatum" = Distorsio reticularis
"Distorsio reticulatum" = Distorsio reticularis Linnaeus 1767 snail
SUBSPECIES: Distorsio reticulatum cancellinum
 Sorbeoconcha - Vermetidae
Lemintina javana worm shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
"Natica (Naticarius) prosthenoglossa" = Naticarius, Natica forskali, Natica sp., Natica rostalina, Sinum (Sigaretotrema) aratulum, "Polinices (Euspira) globosus" = Euspira, Polinices martini, Polinices melanostomus
"Natica (Naticarius) prosthenoglossa" = Naticarius moon snail
Natica forskali moon snail
Natica sp. Scopoli 1777 moon snail
Natica rostalina Jenkins 1864 moon snail
"Polinices (Euspira) globosus" = Euspira moon snail
Polinices martini moon snail
Polinices melanostomus Gmelin 1791 moon snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Capulidae
 Vanikoroidea - Vanikoridae
 Vanikoroidea - Eulimidae
 Pseudomelanoidea - Pseudomelaniidae
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
"Turritella (Haustator) eucosmeta" = Haustator, "Turritella (Haustator) trifunis" = Haustator, Protoma eudeli, "Turritella (Zaria) angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti
"Turritella (Haustator) eucosmeta" = Haustator turret shell
"Turritella (Haustator) trifunis" = Haustator turret shell
Protoma eudeli turret shell
"Turritella (Zaria) angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti Vredenburg 1928 turret shell
 Cerithioidea - Thiaridae
"Plotia balteata" = Thiara (Plotia)
"Plotia balteata" = Thiara (Plotia) snail
 Cerithioidea - Potamididae
 Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae
"Clava bonneti" = Rhinoclavis cerith snail
 Trochoidea - Trochidae
 Trochoidea - Solariellidae
"Solariella" pachyzodes snail
INCLUDES: "Solariella" pachyzodes bonneti
 Ptenoglossa - Vasidae
"Tudicula spirilla" = Tudicla
"Tudicula spirilla" = Tudicla snail