Gryphaea (Crassostrea) gryphoides crassissima assemblage zone, Crete (Miocene of Greece)

Where: Greece (35.3° N, 24.6° E: paleocoordinates 34.9° N, 24.2° E)

• coordinate based on political unit

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Apostoli Formation, Tortonian (11.6 - 7.2 Ma)

• N 16: Neogloboquadrina acostaensis zone

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: shallow subtidal; lithified limestone and lithified marl

• The basal parts are composed of conglomerates and sands. The middle and upper parts consist of organic limestones alternating with clays and marls.

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: M. Dermitzakis and E. Georgiades-Dikeoulia. 1987. Biozonation of the Neogene invertebrate megafauna of the Hellenic area. Annales Instituti Geologici Publici Hungarici 70:125-136 [W. Kiessling/U. Merkel]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 72310: authorized by Wolfgang Kiessling, entered by Uta Merkel on 01.06.2007, edited by Wolfgang Kiessling

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Bivalvia
 Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
"Pycnodonta germanitala" = Pycnodonte, "Pycnodonta navicularis" = Neopycnodonte navicularis
"Pycnodonta germanitala" = Pycnodonte oyster
"Pycnodonta navicularis" = Neopycnodonte navicularis Brocchi 1814 oyster
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
"Ostrea (Ostrea) digitalina" = Cubitostrea digitalina, Ostrea fimbriata, Ostrea gingensis, "Ostrea (Ostrea) edulis" = Ostrea edulis, "Ostrea (Ostrea) lamellosa" = Ostrea edulis, "Ostrea lamellosa" = Ostrea edulis, Ostrea (Ostrea) fimbriata, Gryphaea (Crassostrea) gryphoides
"Ostrea (Ostrea) digitalina" = Cubitostrea digitalina Eichwald 1830 oyster
Ostrea gingensis Schlotheim 1813 oyster
"Ostrea (Ostrea) edulis" = Ostrea edulis Linnaeus 1758 oyster
subsp. adriatica
"Ostrea (Ostrea) lamellosa" = Ostrea edulis Linnaeus 1758 oyster
"Ostrea lamellosa" = Ostrea edulis Linnaeus 1758 oyster
subsp. boblayei
Gryphaea (Crassostrea) gryphoides Schlotheim 1813 oyster
subsp. crassissima
 Pectinida - Anomiidae
Anomia (Anomia) ephippium Linnaeus 1758 jingle
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
Spondylus crassicosta, Spondylus concentricus, Spondylus gaederopus, Chlamys (Manupecten) jakloweciana, Chlamys (Macrochlamys) latissima, Chlamys solarium, Chlamys angelonii, Chlamys bollenensis, Chlamys haueri, Chlamys (Macrochlamys) tournali, "Chlamys (Aequipecten) scabrella" = Chlamys scabrellus, "Chlamys varia" = Chlamys (Chlamys) varia, "Chlamys multistriata" = Talochlamys multistriata, Pecten praebenedictus, Pecten revolutus, Pecten benedictus, Pecten dunkeri, Pecten aduncus, "Pecten (Flabellipecten) ugolini" = Flabellipecten, "Flabellipecten incrassatus" = Flabellipecten, Flabellipecten fraterculus, "Pecten (Flabellipecten) besseri" = Camptonectes virgatus, Hinnites brassonii, "Amussium cristatum" = Amusium, "Chlamys (Aequipecten) spinulosa" = Aequipecten, "Chlamys (Aequipecten) opercularis" = Aequipecten opercularis, "Chlamys opercularis" = Aequipecten opercularis
Spondylus crassicosta Lamarck 1819 scallop
Spondylus concentricus Bronn 1831 scallop
Spondylus gaederopus Linnaeus 1758 scallop
"Chlamys (Aequipecten) scabrella" = Chlamys scabrellus Lamarck 1819 scallop
"Chlamys varia" = Chlamys (Chlamys) varia Linnaeus 1758 scallop
"Chlamys multistriata" = Talochlamys multistriata Poli 1795 scallop
Pecten aduncus Eichwald 1830 scallop
"Pecten (Flabellipecten) ugolini" = Flabellipecten scallop
"Flabellipecten incrassatus" = Flabellipecten scallop
Flabellipecten fraterculus Sowerby in Smith 1841 scallop
"Pecten (Flabellipecten) besseri" = Camptonectes virgatus Nilsson 1827 scallop
Hinnites brassonii scallop
subsp. calligens
"Amussium cristatum" = Amusium scallop
"Chlamys (Aequipecten) spinulosa" = Aequipecten scallop
"Chlamys (Aequipecten) opercularis" = Aequipecten opercularis Linnaeus 1758 scallop
"Chlamys opercularis" = Aequipecten opercularis Linnaeus 1758 scallop
subsp. audouini
 Arcida - Glycymerididae
"Arca (Pectinarca) pectinata" = Tucetona pectinata Gmelin 1791 clam
Glycymeris (Glycymeris) cor Lamarck 1805 clam
Glycymeris (Glycymeris) pilosa Linnaeus 1767 clam
subsp. deshayesi
 Arcida - Arcidae
"Arca (Anadara) girondica" = Anadara, "Arca (Anadara) fichteli" = Anadara fichteli, "Arca (Anadara) diluvii" = Scapharca (Scapharca) diluvii, Barbatia (Barbatia) barbata, Arca turoniensis, Arca turonica, Arca (Anadara) noae
"Arca (Anadara) girondica" = Anadara ark
"Arca (Anadara) fichteli" = Anadara fichteli Deshayes 1850 ark
"Arca (Anadara) diluvii" = Scapharca (Scapharca) diluvii Lamarck 1805 clam
Barbatia (Barbatia) barbata Linnaeus 1758 clam
Arca turonica ark
subsp. taurangulosa
Arca (Anadara) noae Linnaeus 1758 ark
 Arcida - Noetiidae
 Carditida - Carditidae
"Beguina (Glans) rhomboidea" = Glans clam
"Beguina (Glans) rudista" = Glans clam
Cardita jouanneti clam
subsp. ponderosa
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
"Cardium (Cerastoderma) edule" = Cerastoderma edule Linnaeus 1758 cockle
Cardium (Ringicardium) hians Spengler 1799 cockle
subsp. danubianum
Cardium tuberculatum Linnaeus 1758 cockle
"Cardium echinatum" = Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) echinata Linnaeus 1767 cockle
subsp. mucronata
 Cardiida - Chamidae
Chama gryphoides Linnaeus 1758 jewel box
 Cardiida - Mactridae
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Dosinia (Orbiculus) lupinus" = Dosinia lupina, Venus (Ventricola) multilamella
"Dosinia (Orbiculus) lupinus" = Dosinia lupina Linnaeus 1758 venus clam
subsp. austriaca
Venus (Ventricola) multilamella Lamarck 1818 venus clam
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
Corbula (Corbula) carinata Dujardin 1837 clam
subsp. hoernesi
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
Gastropoda
 Heterostropha - Ringiculidae
"Ringicula (Ringiculella) auriculata" = Ringicula minor
"Ringicula (Ringiculella) auriculata" = Ringicula minor Grateloup 1838 snail
subsp. pauluciae
 Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae
Crepidula (Jamachus) crepidula Linnaeus 1758 slipper shell
subsp. unguis
 Sorbeoconcha - Campanilidae
"Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum" = Thericium europaeum, "Cerithium (Thericium) italicum" = Thericium italicum, "Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) crenatum" = Thericium, Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum
"Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum" = Thericium europaeum Mayer 1878 snail
subsp. europaeum
"Cerithium (Thericium) italicum" = Thericium italicum Mayer 1878 snail
subsp. dertonensis
"Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) crenatum" = Thericium snail
Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum Bruguière 1789 snail
subsp. miospina
 Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae
"Strombus (Strombus) coronatus" = Persististrombus coronatus, "Strombus (Canarium) bonellii" = Persististrombus bonellii
"Strombus (Strombus) coronatus" = Persististrombus coronatus Defrance 1827 true conch
"Strombus (Canarium) bonellii" = Persististrombus bonellii Brongniart 1823 true conch
 Sorbeoconcha - Aporrhaidae
 Sorbeoconcha - Ficidae
"Pyrula lainaei" = Ficus
"Pyrula lainaei" = Ficus fig shell
 Neogastropoda - Costellariidae
Vexillum (Vexillum) plicatulum Brocchi 1814 ribbed mitre
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Thais (Stramonita) exilis Parsch in Hörnes 1856 murex snail
Ocinebrina sublavata murex snail
subsp. sublavata
"Typhis (Typhinellus) tetrapterus" = Typhinellus murex snail
Hadriania craticulata Brocchi 1814 murex snail
Purpura (Tritonalia) delbosiana murex snail
subsp. friedbergi
"Hexaplex (Muricanthus) subasperrimus" = Muricanthus murex snail
 Neogastropoda - Volutidae
Athleta (Athleta) ficulina Lamarck 1811 volute
subsp. rarispina
 Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
 Neogastropoda - Olividae
 Neogastropoda - Ancillariidae
"Ancilla (Baryspira) glandiformis" = Amalda glandiformis
"Ancilla (Baryspira) glandiformis" = Amalda glandiformis Lamarck 1810 snail
 Neogastropoda - Clavatulidae
"Turricula (Surcula) reevei" = Turricula snail
Clavatula (Clavatula) asperulata snail
subsp. gracilis and ernesti
Clavatula (Clavatula) theodori snail
subsp. calcaratiformis
 Neogastropoda - Drilliidae
"Clavus (Drillia) bellardii" = Drillia, "Clavus (Drillia) pustulatus" = Drillia, Clavus (Drillia) allionii
"Clavus (Drillia) bellardii" = Drillia snail
"Clavus (Drillia) pustulatus" = Drillia snail
Clavus (Drillia) allionii Bellardi 1877 snail
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
"Conus (Rhijoconus) puschi" = Plagioconus puschi, Conus (Rhijoconus) ponterosus, Conus (Rhijoconus) pyrula, "Conus (Chelyconus) enjesfeldensis" = Conus (Chelyoconus), "Conus (Chelyconus) fuscocingulatus" = Conus (Chelyoconus), "Conus (Chelyconus) pelagicus" = Conus (Chelyoconus), Conus (Lithoconus) mercati, "Conus (Lithoconus) antiquus" = Lithoconus antiquus, Conus (Dendroconus) betulinoides, Conus (Conolithus) dujardini
"Conus (Rhijoconus) puschi" = Plagioconus puschi Michelotti 1857 cone shell
Conus (Rhijoconus) ponterosus cone shell
subsp. ponterosus
Conus (Rhijoconus) pyrula cone shell
subsp. mucronata
"Conus (Chelyconus) enjesfeldensis" = Conus (Chelyoconus) cone shell
"Conus (Chelyconus) fuscocingulatus" = Conus (Chelyoconus) cone shell
"Conus (Chelyconus) pelagicus" = Conus (Chelyoconus) cone shell
Conus (Lithoconus) mercati cone shell
subsp. miocaenicus
"Conus (Lithoconus) antiquus" = Lithoconus antiquus Lamarck 1810 cone shell
Conus (Conolithus) dujardini Deshayes 1845 cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Borsoniidae
"Genota (Genota) ramosa" = Genota valeriae
"Genota (Genota) ramosa" = Genota valeriae Hoernes and Auinger 1891 snail
subsp. ramosa
 Neogastropoda - Terebridae
Subula (Oxymeris) fuscata auger snail
subsp. modesta and plicaria
Terebra (Terebra) acuminata auger snail
subsp. acuminata
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
Turris (Turris) rotata, Turris (Turris) aquensis, "Clavatula (Perrona) inedita" = Perrona, "Clavatula (Perrona) jouanneti" = Perrona, "Clavatula (Perrona) saubrigiana" = Perrona, "Clavatula (Perrona) taurinensis" = Perrona, Gemmula (Hemipleurotoma) annae, Gemmula (Hemipleurotoma) contigua
"Clavatula (Perrona) inedita" = Perrona turrid
"Clavatula (Perrona) jouanneti" = Perrona turrid
"Clavatula (Perrona) saubrigiana" = Perrona turrid
"Clavatula (Perrona) taurinensis" = Perrona turrid
 Neogastropoda - Melongenidae
Galeodes (Galeodes) cornutus Agassiz 1843 snail
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
"Nassa (Hinia) incrassata" = Nassarius incrassatus, "Hinia (Uzita) limata" = Nassarius (Uzita)
"Nassa (Hinia) incrassata" = Nassarius incrassatus Müller 1773 snail
"Hinia (Uzita) limata" = Nassarius (Uzita) snail
 Neogastropoda - Columbellidae
"Columbella (Alia) curta" = Pyrene (Alia) dovesnail
subsp. curta
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
 Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae
"Fasciolaria (Pleuroploca) fimbriata" = Pleuroploca, Latirus (Latirus) lynchi, Latirus (Latirus) valenciennesi
"Fasciolaria (Pleuroploca) fimbriata" = Pleuroploca snail
 Neogastropoda - Mitridae
"Mitra (Tiara) scrobiculata" = Cancilla scrobiculata Brocchi 1814 mitre shell
Mitraria (Mitraria) ambigua mitre shell
subsp. ambigua
Mitra (Tiara) substriatula d'Orbigny 1852 mitre shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Xenophoridae
Xenophora deshayesi Michelotti 1847 carrier shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae
"Semicassis (Semicassis) miolaevigata" = Phalium (Semicassis) miolaevigata, Cassis (Cassis) postmamillaris
"Semicassis (Semicassis) miolaevigata" = Phalium (Semicassis) miolaevigata Sacco 1890 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Tonnidae
"Dolium (Cadium) orbiculatum" = Tonna
"Dolium (Cadium) orbiculatum" = Tonna tun shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Ranellidae
"Cymatium (Lampusia) affine" = Monoplex, Gyrineum (Aspa) marginatum, "Charonia (Sassia) tarbelliana" = Sassia, "Charonia (Sassia) apenninica" = Sassia apenninica
"Cymatium (Lampusia) affine" = Monoplex triton shell
subsp. friedbergi
"Charonia (Sassia) tarbelliana" = Sassia triton shell
"Charonia (Sassia) apenninica" = Sassia apenninica Sassi 1827 triton shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae
"Schilderia annularia" = Zonarina annularia
"Schilderia annularia" = Zonarina annularia Brongniart 1823 cowry
subsp. hoernesiana
 Sorbeoconcha - Vermetidae
Petaloconchus intortus Lamarck 1818 worm shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
"Polinices (Polinices) dertomamilla" = Tectonatica dertomamilla, Natica (Nacca) millepunctata, Lunatia catena, "Sigaretus (Sigaretus) striatus" = Sinum, "Natica (Neverita) josephinia" = Neverita josephinia, Neverita olla, Polinices (Polinices) redemptus
"Polinices (Polinices) dertomamilla" = Tectonatica dertomamilla Sacco 1890 moon snail
Natica (Nacca) millepunctata Sacco 1890 moon snail
Lunatia catena moon snail
subsp. helicina
"Sigaretus (Sigaretus) striatus" = Sinum moon snail
"Natica (Neverita) josephinia" = Neverita josephinia Risso 1826 moon snail
Neverita olla De Serres 1829 moon snail
Polinices (Polinices) redemptus Michelotti 1847 moon snail
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
"Turritella (Haustator) hoernesi" = Haustator, "Turritella (Haustator) partschi" = Haustator, "Turritella (Haustator) eryna" = Haustator eryna, Turritella (Turritella) turris, Turritella (Haustator) tricincta, Turritella (Turritella) tricarinata, "Turritella (Torculoidella) bicarinata" = Turritella bicarinata, Turritella (Zaria) subangulata, "Turritella (Archimediella) dertonensis" = Archimediella, "Turritella (Archimediella) archimedis" = Archimediella, "Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica" = Archimediella, "Turritella (Torculoidella) triplicata" = Archimediella (Torculoidella), "Archimediella (Torculoidella) spirata" = Archimediella (Torculoidella) spiratus
"Turritella (Haustator) hoernesi" = Haustator turret shell
"Turritella (Haustator) partschi" = Haustator turret shell
subsp. quatricincta
"Turritella (Haustator) eryna" = Haustator eryna d'Orbigny 1852 turret shell
subsp. rotundata
Turritella (Turritella) turris Basterot 1825 turret shell
subsp. capriciosa
Turritella (Haustator) tricincta Münster 1841 turret shell
Turritella (Turritella) tricarinata Brocchi 1814 turret shell
subsp. communis
"Turritella (Torculoidella) bicarinata" = Turritella bicarinata Elchwald 1830 turret shell
subsp. bicarinata and subunocincta
"Turritella (Archimediella) dertonensis" = Archimediella turret shell
subsp. dertonensis, persulcata and subconica
"Turritella (Archimediella) archimedis" = Archimediella turret shell
subsp. dertonatior
"Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica" = Archimediella turret shell
subsp. pythagoraica
"Turritella (Torculoidella) triplicata" = Archimediella (Torculoidella) turret shell
and subsp. crasseplicata, dertosimplex and superneaplicata
"Archimediella (Torculoidella) spirata" = Archimediella (Torculoidella) spiratus Brocchi 1814 turret shell
 Cerithioidea - Potamididae
"Potamides tricinctus" = Potamides (Ptychopotamides) tricinctus, "Terebralia bidentata" = Terebralia bidentata, "Terebralia lignitarum" = Terebralia bidentata, "Potamides (Tympanotomus) trochlearispina" = Tympanotonos
"Potamides tricinctus" = Potamides (Ptychopotamides) tricinctus Brocchi 1814 horn snail
subsp. scalaritina
"Terebralia bidentata" = Terebralia bidentata Defrance 1832 horn snail
subsp. cingulatior, vignali, prolignitarium and bidentata
"Terebralia lignitarum" = Terebralia bidentata Defrance 1832 horn snail
subsp. lignitarum
"Potamides (Tympanotomus) trochlearispina" = Tympanotonos horn snail
subsp. subfenestrata
 Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae
 Trochoidea - Turbinidae
"Astraea (Bolma) meynardi" = Bolma, "Astraea (Bolma) rugosa" = Bolma rugosus
"Astraea (Bolma) meynardi" = Bolma snail
"Astraea (Bolma) rugosa" = Bolma rugosus Linnaeus 1767 snail
 Lepetellida - Fissurellidae
Diodora (Lucapina) italica Defrance 1820 snail
 Patellogastropoda - Patellidae