Epanomi: Late/Upper Pliocene, Greece
collected 1999-200
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Equus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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| (stenonid type) Material: ENM-2: right astragalus | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Mammuthus cf. meridionalis
(Nesti 1825)
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| ENM-1: left tusk | ||||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | Greece | State/province: | Thessaloniki |
| Coordinates: | 40.4° North, 23.0° East (view map) | ||
| Paleocoordinates: | 40.2° North, 22.9° East | ||
| Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark |
Time
| Period: | Neogene | Epoch: | Pliocene |
| Stage: | Piacenzian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
| Key time interval: | Late/Upper Pliocene | ||
| Age range of interval: | 3.60000 - 2.58000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
| Formation: | Gonia | ||||
| Stratigraphy comments: Nevertheless, previous palaeontological and stratigraphic work carried out in western Chalkidikí Peninsula permits the correlation of the new site with the upper horizon of Goniá Fm., limiting its age to the latest Pliocene. |
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | claystone |
| Lithology description: The proximal part of the tusk was protruding out of the eroding calcareous-clayey matrix and was in part reburied by seashore sand and pebbles | |
| Environment: | fluvial indet. |
| Geology comments: Palaeoecologically, the presence of a horse certainly points to an open environment, while Mammuthus meridionalis is a woodland form. This probably suggests an open woodland environment, or an open environment with forested patches, for the Epanomí area during the latest Pliocene. | |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body |
| Degree of concentration: | dispersed |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
| Abundance in sediment: | few |
| Fragmentation: | frequent |
| Spatial resolution: | allochthonous |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection,observed (not collected) |
| Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis | Collection dates: | 1999-200 |
| Collection method comments: The first author carried out an excavation at the end of October 1999, recovering most of the tusk (Fig. 2). Another excavation that followed in May 2000 yielded the distal end of the specimen, still remaining in the cliff, under thick vegetation cover. In spite of careful prospecting in the area, no other part of the proboscidean dentition or skeleton was found. The specimen was prepared in the laboratory of the Ephorate of Palaeoanthropology–Speleology (Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Athens) and is currently kept in the collection of the 10th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities (Polýgyros, Chalkidikí). | |
Metadata
| Also known as: | ENM | ||
| Database number: | 204660 | ||
| Authorizer: | E. Vlachos | Enterer: | E. Vlachos |
| Created: | 2019-09-16 12:49:50 | Last modified: | 2019-09-16 12:49:50 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2019-09-16 12:49:50 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY | ||
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 70227. | A. Athanassiou and D. S. Kostopoulos. 2010. On mammal remains in the area of Epanomi (Macedonia, Greece). In G. Christofides, N. Kantiranis, D. S. Kostopoulos, A. A. Chatzipetros (eds.), Proceedings of the XIX Congress of the Carpathian-Balkan Geological Association, Thessaloniki, 2010. Scientific Annals of the School of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 99:63-68 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos] |