PBDB Collection

Horsetail Creek: Chadronian, Colorado

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

Reptilia - Testudines

	Testudo culbratus n. sp. Cope 1873	Cope 1873
	nomen dubium belonging to Testudinoidea
Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae

	Testudo laticuneus n. sp. Cope 1873	Cope 1873
	recombined as Gopherus laticuneus

	Testudo amphithorax n. sp. Cope 1873	Cope 1873
	synonym of Stylemys nebrascensis

	Testudo ligonius n. sp. Cope 1873	Cope 1873
	synonym of Stylemys nebrascensis

	Testudo quadratus n. sp. Cope 1884	Cope 1884
	nomen dubium belonging to Testudinidae
	AMNH 1149 (holotype), a fragmentary epiplastron and partial nuchal (Hay 1908, figs. 532, 533)
Reptilia

	Cremastosaurus rhambastes n. sp. (Cope 1884)	Gilmore 1928	1 specimen
	nomen dubium belonging to Lacertilia
	AMNH 1606 (holotype), seven dorsal vertebrae
Reptilia - Rhineuridae

	Rhineura coloradoensis n. sp. (Cope 1873)	Gilmore 1928	1 specimen
	synonym of Rhineura hatcherii
	AMNH 1607 (holotype), three and a half articulated median dorsal vertebrae
Mammalia

	Peratherium fugax (Cope 1873)	Galbreath 1953
	corrected as Herpetotherium fugax
Mammalia - Apternodontidae

	Apternodus iliffensis Galbreath 1953	Galbreath 1953
Mammalia - Entelodontidae

	Archaeotherium mortoni Leidy 1850	Galbreath 1953
	includes "A. crassum"; latter is said by Troxell 1920c to be from "Probably Cedar Creek beds... near Gerry's Ranch"; assignment to Horsetail Creek by Galbreath based on co-occurrence with titanotheres

	Archaeotherium crassum (Marsh 1873)	Galbreath 1953

	Archaeotherium potens (Marsh 1893)	Galbreath 1953
	recombined as Pelonax potens
	"Occurrence probably here rather than in the Cedar Creek member, but not yet demonstrated"

	Archaeotherium ramosus (Cope 1874)	Galbreath 1953
	recombined as Pelonax ramosus
	"Occurrence probably here rather than in the Cedar Creek member, but not yet demonstrated"
Mammalia - Anthracotheriidae

	Anthracotheriidae indet. Leidy 1869	Galbreath 1953
Mammalia - Leptochoeridae

	Stibarus lemurinus (Cope 1874)	Galbreath 1953
	= Stibarus quadricuspis Hatcher 1901	Edwards 1976

	Stibarus obtusilobus Cope 1873	Galbreath 1953
Mammalia - Camelidae

	Poebrotherium sp. Leidy 1847	Galbreath 1953
	(6 measurements)
	= Poebrotherium eximium Hay 1902	Honey et al. 1998
Mammalia - Merycoidodontidae

	Merycoidodon culbertsoni (Leidy 1848)	Galbreath 1953
	original and current combination Merycoidodon culbertsonii

	Genetochoerus periculorum n. gen., n. sp. (Cope 1884)	Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
	original and current combination Oreodon culbertsoni periculorum
	AM 6397 (holotype)

	Merycoidodon gracilis (Leidy 1851)	Galbreath 1953
	recombined as Miniochoerus gracilis
Mammalia - Oromerycidae

	Eotylopus sp. Matthew 1910	Galbreath 1953
Mammalia - Tayassuidae

	Perchoerus minor Cook 1922	Galbreath 1953
	= Tayassuidae indet. Palmer 1897	Wright 1998
Mammalia - Hypisodontidae

	Hypisodus sp. Cope 1873	Galbreath 1953
	form A
Mammalia - Leptomerycidae

	Leptomeryx evansi Leidy 1853	Galbreath 1953

	Leptomeryx esulcatus Cope 1889	Galbreath 1953
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae

	Aceratherium mite n. sp. Cope 1875
	recombined as Subhyracodon mitis

	Trigonias osborni Lucas 1900	Galbreath 1953
	two new specimens

	Penetrigonias dakotensis (Peterson 1920)	Prothero 2005
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Hyracodontidae

	Hyracodon sp. Leidy 1856	Galbreath 1953
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Brontotheriidae

	Megacerops riggsi n. sp. Osborn 1916	Osborn 1916

	Symborodon bucco n. sp. Cope 1873	Cope 1873
	recombined as Megacerops bucco

	Megaceratops helocerus n. sp. Cope 1873	Cope 1873
	recombined as Menodus heloceras

	Symborodon torvus n. gen., n. sp. Cope 1873	Cope 1873
	recombined as Menodus torvus

	Megaceratops acer n. sp. Cope 1873	Cope 1873
	recombined as Megacerops acer
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

	Mesohippus proteulophus Osborn 1904	Galbreath 1953
	synonym of Mesohippus bairdi
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae

	Pseudocynodictis paterculus (Matthew 1903)	Galbreath 1953
	synonym of Hesperocyon gregarius
	localities listed by Wang 1994 include Two Miles Creek, KU-CO-071; Peevy Ranch, George Creek, KU-CO-088
Mammalia - Carnivora - Subparictidae

	Parictis dakotensis Clark 1936	Galbreath 1953
	recombined as Subparictis dakotensis
	confirmed by Baskin and Tedford 1996
Mammalia - Carnivora - Amphicyonidae

	Brachyrhynchocyon sp. Scott and Jepsen 1936	Hunt 1998
	"Chadronian... Cedar Creek area, Logan/Weld Cos."
Mammalia - Carnivora - Nimravidae

	Dinictis sp. (Leidy 1854)	Galbreath 1953
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae

	Palaeolagus cf. haydeni Leidy 1856	Galbreath 1953
	= Palaeolagus sp. Leidy 1856	Korth and Hageman 1988
	replaces ID of Dawson 1958; "P. intermedius"; possibly P. hemirhizis
Mammalia - Rodentia - Ischyromyidae

	Ischyromys troxelli Wood 1937	Galbreath 1953
	synonym of Ischyromys typus

	Titanotheriomys veterior (Matthew 1903)	Galbreath 1953
	original and current combination Ischyromys veterior
Mammalia - Rodentia - Eomyidae

	Adjidaumo cf. minimus (Matthew 1903)	Wood 1980
	not A. minutus, contra Wood 1969: "A. small sp." of Galbreath; presumably "A. minutus" of Wahlert 1978 from "near Trigonias Quarry, Weld Co., Colorado, ?Chadronian"

	Paradjidaumo trilophus (Cope 1873)	Galbreath 1953
	recombined as Adjidaumo trilophus

	Centimanomys major Galbreath 1955	Galbreath 1955
	(1 measurement)

	Centimanomys galbreathi Martin and Ostrander 1986	Martin and Ostrander 1986
Mammalia - Rodentia - Aplodontidae

	Pelycomys rugosus Galbreath 1953	Galbreath 1953
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cricetidae

	Eumys sp. Leidy 1856	Martin 1980
	new specimen, provenance considered certain based on association with titanothere
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cylindrodontidae

	Cylindrodon galbreathi n. sp. Ostrander 1983	Galbreath 1953
	synonym of Cylindrodon nebraskensis

	Pseudocylindrodon sp. Burke 1935	Galbreath 1953
	(1 measurement)
	= Pseudocylindrodon cf. neglectus Burke 1935	Wood 1980
	replaces ID of Galbreath 1969, from Iliff loc; compatible with Emry and Korth 1996a, who seem to have missed Wood's allocation
see common names

Geography

Country:	United States	State/province:	Colorado	County:	Logan
Coordinates:	40.8° North, 103.1° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	42.1° North, 94.6° West
Basis of coordinate:	based on political unit

Time

Period:	Paleogene	Epoch:	Eocene
Stage:	Priabonian	10 m.y. bin:	Cenozoic 3
*Period:	Tertiary
Key time interval:	Chadronian
Age range of interval:	37.00000 - 33.90000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields

Stratigraphy

Formation:	White River	Member:	Horsetail Creek
Local section:	Logan	Local bed:	1
Local order:	bottom to top

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	not reported
Environment:	terrestrial indet.

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	body
Size of fossils:	macrofossils

Collection methods and comments

Collection size:	147 specimens
Reason for describing collection:	general faunal/floral analysis
Taxonomic list comments:entire member is of reversed polarity: Prothero 1996c "Cylindrodon fontis": Galbreath 1969 see discussion of this species by Emry and Korth 1996a; Molly and Mabel loc., Section 36 loc., and Shable Butte loc. "Caenopus mitis" is of uncertain provenance "Archaeotherium ramosus" and "A. potens" are of uncertain provenance list excludes Trigonias Quarry (see)

Metadata

Also known as:	Horse Tail Creek
Database number:	16977
Authorizer:	J. Alroy, J. Marcot, E. Vlachos, P. Barrett	Enterer:	J. Alroy, T. Cleary, J. Marcot, E. Vlachos
Modifier:	M. Carrano	Research group:	vertebrate
Created:	1993-02-18 00:00:00	Last modified:	2017-10-19 11:18:33
Access level:	the public	Released:	1993-02-18 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:	CC BY

Reference information

Primary reference:

17555.

ETE

E. D. Cope. 1875. Report on the vertebrate paleontology of Colorado. Annual Report of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 1873:427-533 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

6294		J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari]
53199		E. D. Cope. 1873. Synopsis of new Vertebrata from the Tertiary of Colorado obtained during the summer of 1873. In F. V. Hayden (ed.), Seventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories (extract) [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
64377		E. D. Cope. 1873. Second notice of extinct Vertebrata from the Tertiary of the Plains. Paleontological Bulletin 15:1-6 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos]
64539		E. D. Cope. 1884. Testudinata. In F. Hayden (ed.), The Vertebrata of the Tertiary formations of the West. In: Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 3:111-150 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos]
1426		P. Edwards. 1976. The subfamily Leptochoerinae (Artiodactyla, Dichobunidae) of North America (Oligocene). Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 14(2):99-113 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
1570		E. C. Galbreath. 1953. A contribution to the Tertiary geology and paleontology of northeastern Colorado. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions Vertebrata 4:1-120 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
1571		E. C. Galbreath. 1955. A New Eomyid Rodent from the Lower Oligocene of Northeastern Colorado. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 58(1):75-78 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
14538		C. W. Gilmore. 1928. Fossil lizards of North America. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 22(3):1-201 [J. Head/J. Head/M. Carrano]
1935		J. G. Honey, J. A. Harrison, D. R. Prothero and M. S. Stevens. 1998. Camelidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1:439-462 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
1977		R. M. Hunt, Jr. 1998. Amphicyonidae. 196-227 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
2150		W. W. Korth and J. Hageman. 1988. Lagomorphs (Mammalia) from the Oligocene (Orellan and Whitneyan) Brule Formation, Nebraska. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 16:141-152 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
2423		L. D. Martin. 1980. The early evolution of the Cricetidae in North America. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions Vertebrata 102:1-42 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
2430		L. D. Martin and G. E. Ostrander. 1986. A New Species of the Oligocene Eomyid Rodent Centimanomys. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 89(3-4):119-123 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
2701		H. F. Osborn. 1916. Two new Oligocene titanotheres. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35(40):1-4 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]
2713		G. E. Ostrander. 1983. New early Oligocene (Chadronian) mammals from the Raben Ranch Local Fauna, northwest Nebraska. Journal of Paleontology 57(1):128-139 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
51726		D. R. Prothero. 2005. The Evolution of North American Rhinoceroses. 1-218 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot]
3069		C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach. 1968. The Phylogeny of the Oreodonts. Part 1: Merycoidodontinae, Eporeodontinae, and Leptaucheniinae, Three Subfamilies Of Oreodonts, With an Appendix to the Revision Of The Merycoidodontidae, and Part 2. Summary and Conclusions Concerning the Merycoidodontidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 139:1-498 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
3737		A. E. Wood. 1980. The Oligocene Rodents of North America. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 70(5):1-68 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]
6238		D. B. Wright. 1998. Tayassuidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America 389-401 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]