Carrot River Bonebed: Middle Cenomanian, Canada
collected by D. Hardie 1991-1994
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia
- Plesiosauria
- Pliosauridae
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Pliosauridae indet.
Seeley 1874
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Reptilia
- Plesiosauria
- Elasmosauridae
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Elasmosauridae indet.
Cope 1869
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Reptilia
- Plesiosauria
- Polycotylidae
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Plesiosauria indet.
de Blainville 1835
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Tokaryk et al. 1997 | ||||||
= Polycotylidae indet.
Williston 1908
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Reptilia
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Ornithopoda indet.
Marsh 1881
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= Ornithischia indet.
Seeley 1888
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Reptilia
- Hesperornithiformes
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Aves indet.
Linnaeus 1758
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Tokaryk et al. 1997 | ||||||
= Hesperornithiformes indet.
Fürbringer 1888
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Reptilia
- Theropoda
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Pasquiaornis tankei n. sp.
Tokaryk et al. 1997
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Tokaryk et al. 1997 | 9 individuals | |||||
Pasquiaornis hardiei n. gen., n. sp.
Tokaryk et al. 1997
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Tokaryk et al. 1997 | 3 individuals | |||||
Ichthyornis sp.
Marsh 1872
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Tokaryk et al. 1997 | 4 individuals | |||||
= Ichthyornis informal sp. A
Marsh 1872
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Ichthyornis informal sp. B
Marsh 1872
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
? Enantiornithes indet.
Walker 1981
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Reptilia
- Testudines
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Testudines indet.
Batsch 1788
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Tokaryk et al. 1997 | ||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Protostegidae
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Protostegidae indet.
Cope 1873
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Actinopteri
- Pycnodontiformes
- Pycnodontidae
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Pycnodontidae indet.
(Agassiz 1833)
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Actinopteri
- Aspidorhynchiformes
- Aspidorhynchidae
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Belonostomus sp.
Agassiz 1834
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Actinopteri
- Crossognathiformes
- Pachyrhizodontidae
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Elopopsis sp.
|
Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Actinopteri
- Aulopiformes
- Enchodontidae
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Enchodus sp.
Agassiz 1835
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Enchodus cf. shumardi
Leidy 1856
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Actinopteri
- Salmoniformes
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Salmoniformes indet.
Bleeker 1859
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Actinopteri
- Ichthyodectiformes
- Ichthyodectidae
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Ichthyodectes cf. ctenodon
Cope 1870
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Xiphactinus audax
(Leidy 1870)
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Actinopteri
- Pachycormiformes
- Pachycormidae
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Protosphyraena sp.
Leidy 1857
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Chondrichthyes
- Rajiformes
- Sclerorhynchidae
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Sclerorhynchidae indet.
Capetta 1974
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Lamniformes
- Archaeolamnidae
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Archaeolamna sp.
Siverson 1992
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Lamniformes
- Pseudoscapanorhynchidae
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Cretodus appendiculata
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Lamniformes
- Anacoracidae
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Squalicorax sp.
Whitley 1939
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Squalicorax volgensis
(Glickman 1971)
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
nomen dubium belonging to Squalicorax | |||||||
Squalicorax falcatus
(Agassiz 1843)
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Lamniformes
- Cretoxyrhinidae
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Cretoxyrhina mantelli
(Agassiz 1835)
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
= Cretoxyrhina denticulata
Glickman 1957
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Underwood and Cumbaa 2010 | ||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Lamniformes
- Carchariidae
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Selachii indet.
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= Carcharias sp.
Rafinesque 1810
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Hybodontiformes
- Ptychodontidae
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Ptychodus sp.
Agassiz 1834
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Ptychodus decurrens
Agassiz 1838
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Ptychodus occidentalis
Leidy 1868
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Ptychodus anonymus
Williston 1900
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Hybodontiformes
- Hybodontidae
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Hybodus sp.
Agassiz 1834
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Cumbaa et al. 2006 | ||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | Canada | State/province: | Saskatchewan |
Coordinates: | 53.2° North, 103.5° West (view map) | ||
Paleocoordinates: | 52.0° North, 59.3° West | ||
Basis of coordinate: | estimated from map | ||
Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
Period: | Cretaceous | Epoch: | Late/Upper Cretaceous |
Stage: | Cenomanian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cretaceous 5 |
Key time interval: | Middle Cenomanian | ||
Age range of interval: | 100.50000 - 93.90000 m.y. ago | ||
Age estimate: | minimum 95.17 ± 0.31 Ma (Ar/Ar) |
Stratigraphy
Geological group: | Colorado | Formation: | Belle Fourche | ||
Stratigraphic resolution: | bed | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: 40Ar/39Ar age from overlying bentonite = 95.17 ± 0.31 Ma |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | shelly/skeletal conglomerate |
Secondary lithology: | claystone |
Includes fossils? | Y |
Lithology description: "A discontinuous bone breccia underlies a 3-5 cm bentonite layer. Probably deposited in shallow water less than 6 m deep, near the eastern shore of the Western Interior Seaway.""Soft, dark, carbonaceous shale...capped by a continuous, slightly undulating 3-5 cm thick bentonite." | |
Environment: | marginal marine indet. |
Geology comments: wave-tossed, nearshore marine |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Lagerst�tten type: | concentrate |
Degree of concentration: | -bonebed |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Preservation of anatomical detail: | good |
Articulated whole bodies: | none |
Associated major elements: | none |
Disassociated major elements: | many |
Disassociated minor elements: | many |
Spatial resolution: | parautochthonous |
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods: | selective quarrying,surface (float),surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection | ||
Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis | ||
Collectors: | D. Hardie | Collection dates: | 1991-1994 |
Metadata
Also known as: | SMNH locality 63E03-001 | ||
Database number: | 52997 | ||
Authorizer: | M. Carrano, M. Clapham | Enterer: | K. Maguire, M. Carrano, M. Clapham |
Modifier: | M. Carrano | Research group: | vertebrate |
Created: | 2005-08-30 12:32:10 | Last modified: | 2011-06-15 17:44:14 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2005-08-30 12:32:10 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
14701. | ETE | S. L. Cumbaa and T. T. Tokaryk. 1993. Early birds, crocodile tears, and fish tales: Cenomanian and Turonian marine vertebrates from Saskatchewan, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13(3, suppl.):31A-32A [M. Carrano/M. Carrano] |
Secondary references:
26995 | ETE | S. L. Cumbaa, C. Schröder-Adams, R. G. Day and A. J. Phillips. 2006. Cenomanian bonebed faunas from the northeastern margin, Western Interior Seaway. In S. G. Lucas and R. M. Sullivan (eds.), Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35:139-155 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano] |
14326 | ETE | T. T. Tokaryk, S. L. Cumbaa, and J. E. Storer. 1997. Early Late Cretaceous birds from Saskatchewan, Canada: the oldest diverse avifauna known from North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(1):172-176 [M. Carrano/K. Maguire/M. Carrano] |
73622 | C. J. Underwood and S. L. Cumbaa. 2010. Chondrichthyans from a Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) bonebed, Saskatchewan, Canada. Palaeontology 53:903-944 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] |