PBDB Collection

Naskal microvertebrate site: Late/Upper Maastrichtian, India

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

unclassified

	? Colophidia indet.	Prasad and Rage 1995	2 specimens
	vertebrae and dentary, originally reported in Rage and Prasad, 1992

	Kachiisporis bivalvus	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022

	Actinastrum sp.	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022

	Aesculipollis sp.	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022

	Echistephanocolpites meghalayensis	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022

	Mulleripollis bolpurensis	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022

	Acrosphenodontia indet.	Anantharaman et al. 2022
	GSI/ SR/PAL-NR-0101 (partial right dentary with teeth)
Pteridopsida

	Cingulatisporites sp. Thomson et al. 1953	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022

	Cyathidites australis Couper 1953	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022
Polypodiopsida - Salviniales - Salviniaceae

	Ariadnaesporites sp. Potonié 1956	Prasad and Godinot 1994
	"pollen"
Polypodiopsida - Marsileaceae

	Crybelosporites intertrappea	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022

	Gabonisporis sp. Boltenhagen 1967	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022

	Gabonisporis vigourouxii Boltenhagen 1967	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022
unclassified

	Striacolporites striatus Sah and Kar 1970	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022
Magnoliopsida

	Echimonocolpites sp. der Hammen and de Mutis 1965	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022
Angiospermae - Gunnerales

	Tricolpites reticulatus Couper 1953	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022
Angiospermae - Arecaceae

	Palmaepollenites neyvelii Ramanujam 1966	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022
Angiospermae - Poales - Typhaceae

	Sparganiaceaepollenites sp. Thiergart 1937	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022
Angiospermae - Fabales - Fabaceae

	Margocolporites sp. Ramanajuan 1966	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022
unclassified

	Charophyta indet. Migula 1890	Prasad and Godinot 1994
Actinopteri - Salmoniformes

	Osteichthyes indet. Huxley 1880
	= Salmoniformorum rectangulus	Khajuria and Prasad 1998
Actinopteri - Perciformes

	Percoideorum ellipticus	Khajuria and Prasad 1998

	Percoideorum rangapurensis	Khajuria and Prasad 1998

	Percoideorum informal sp. 1 Bleeker 1859	Khajuria and Prasad 1998

	Percoideorum informal sp. 2 Bleeker 1859	Khajuria and Prasad 1998
Actinopteri - Tetraodontiformes - Eotrigonodontidae

	Stephanodus libycus	Prasad 1989
Actinopteri - Kurtiformes - Apogonidae

	Serranidarum sp.	Khajuria and Prasad 1998

	Apogonidarum sp. Unknown	Khajuria and Prasad 1998
Actinopteri - Aulopiformes - Ichthyotringidae

	Apateodus striatus Woodward 1901	Prasad 1989
Actinopteri - Clupeiformes - Clupeoidei

	Clupeidarum sp. Cuvier 1817	Khajuria and Prasad 1998
Actinopteri - Osteoglossiformes - Osteoglossidae

	Phareodus sp. Leidy 1873	Prasad 1989

	Osteoglossidae indet. Bonaparte 1832	Prasad and Godinot 1994
	= Osteoglossidarum deccanensis	Khajuria and Prasad 1998

	Osteoglossidarum intertrappus	Khajuria and Prasad 1998
Actinopteri - Osteoglossiformes - Notopteridae

	Notopteridae indet.	Prasad and Godinot 1994
	= Notopteridarum nolfi	Khajuria and Prasad 1998
Actinopteri - Aspidorhynchiformes - Aspidorhynchidae

	Belonostomus sp. Agassiz 1834	Prasad 1989
Actinopteri - Pycnodontiformes - Pycnodontidae

	Pycnodus sp. Agassiz 1833	Prasad and Godinot 1994
	= Pycnodus bicresta Kumar and Loyal 1987	Khajuria and Prasad 1998
Actinopteri - Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae

	Lepisosteus indicus	Prasad 1989
Amphibia - Anura

	Discoglossidae indet. Günther 1859	Prasad and Rage 1991	5 specimens
	2 ilia, three more ilia reported by same authors in 1995
	= Anura indet. Fischer von Waldheim 1813	Agnolin 2012

	Pelobatidae indet. Lataste 1879	Prasad 1989
	several humeri some are fragments
	= Anura indet. Fischer von Waldheim 1813	Agnolin 2012
Amphibia - Temnospondyli

	Anura indet. (Fischer von Waldheim 1813)	Rage et al. 2020
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Discoglossidae

	Discoglossidae indet. Günther 1859	Rage et al. 2020
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Hemisotidae

	Hemisotidae indet. Frank and Ramus 1996	Rage et al. 2020
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Gobiatidae

	Gobiatinae indet. (Ročec and Nessov 1993)	Rage et al. 2020
	original and current combination Gobiatidae

	? Gobiatinae indet. (Ročec and Nessov 1993)	Rage et al. 2020
	original and current combination Gobiatidae
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Hylidae

	? Hylidae indet. Rafinesque 1815	Prasad and Rage 1995	2 specimens
	an ilium and a humerus
	= Hylidae indet. Rafinesque 1815	Khajuria and Prasad 1998

	? Hylidae indet. Rafinesque 1815	Rage et al. 2020
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Leptodactylidae

	Leptodactylidae indet. Stirton 1953	Rage et al. 2020
Amphibia - Temnospondyli

	Ranoidea indet. Rafinesque 1814	Rage et al. 2020
Mammalia

	Indoclemensia naskalensis n. gen., n. sp. Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022
	GSI/SR/PAL-N031 - holotype; referred specimen: GSI/SR/PAL-N011

	Indoclemensia magnus n. sp. Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022	Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022
	GSI/SR/PAL-N043 - type; referred specimen: GSI/SR/PAL-N019
Mammalia - Adapisoriculidae

	Deccanolestes cf. hislopi Prasad and Sahni 1988	Prasad et al. 1994
	right M2
	= Deccanolestes sp. Prasad and Sahni 1988	Khajuria and Prasad 1998

	Deccanolestes hislopi n. gen., n. sp. Prasad and Sahni 1988		10 specimens
	right lower p3 (holotype) right M1 and M3, three calcanea and two small astragali; two specimens reported by Boyer et al 2010 (Deccanolestes cf. hislopi): VPL/JU/NKIM/79 (distal left humerus); VPL/JU/NKIM/81 (proximal left ulna)

	Deccanolestes robustus n. sp. Prasad et al. 1994	Prasad et al. 1994
	dental material and an astragalus
Mammalia - Sudamericidae

	Dakshina jederi Wilson et al. 2007	Wilson et al. 2007	4 specimens
	GSI/SR/PALN071, left mf4; GSI/SR/PAL-N210, left i1; GSI/SR/PAL-N212, right mf4; VPL/JU/NKIM/25, left mf4
Reptilia - Squamata

	Squamata indet. Oppel 1811	Rage et al. 2020
Reptilia - Anguidae

	Anguidae indet. Gray 1825	Prasad 1989	50 specimens
	about 50 vertebrae

	Anguidae indet. Gray 1825	Rage et al. 2020
Reptilia - Lacertilia

	Lacertilia indet. Owen 1842		2 specimens
	dentaries, one with pleurodont teeth
Reptilia

	Lacertilia indet. (Owen 1842)	Rage et al. 2020
Reptilia - Serpentes

	Booidea indet. Gray 1825	Prasad 1989	2 individuals
	vertebrae and a dentary
	= Serpentes indet. Linnaeus 1758	Rage and Prasad 1992
Reptilia

	Serpentes indet. (Linnaeus 1758)	Rage et al. 2020

	Cholophidia indet. (Nopcsa 1923)	Rage et al. 2020

	? Coniophis sp. Marsh 1892	Khosla and Verma 2015
	nomen dubium belonging to Serpentes
Reptilia - Aniliidae

	Aniliidae (cf. Coniophis) sp. Fitzinger 1826	Rage et al. 2020
Reptilia - Nigerophiidae

	Nigerophiidae indet. (Rage 1975)	Novokshonov 1993	160 specimens
	vertebrae
	= Indophis sahnii n. gen., n. sp. Rage and Prasad 1992	Rage and Prasad 1992

	? Indophis sahnii Rage and Prasad 1992	Rage et al. 2020
Reptilia - Testudines - Pelomedusidae

	Pelomedusidae indet. Cope 1868	Prasad 1989
Reptilia - Theropoda

	Theropoda indet. Marsh 1881	Khajuria and Prasad 1998	2 specimens
Reptilia - Crocodyliformes

	Alligatorinae indet. Cuvier 1807	Prasad and Godinot 1994	1099 specimens
	= Crocodylia indet. Owen 1842	Prasad and Lapparent de Broin 2002
	VPL/JU/IR/100-150 (and about 1150 unnumbered specimens) - isolated teeth, including five morphotypes and juveniles
	= Crocodyliformes indet. Hay 1930	Rio and Mannion 2021

	Crocodylus sp. Laurenti 1768	Rana and Sati 2000	19 specimens
	ITV/Ns/Cr-381 to 400
	= Crocodyliformes indet. Hay 1930	Rio and Mannion 2021

	Allognathosuchus sp. Mook 1921	Rana and Sati 2000	64 specimens
	ITV/Ns/Cr-301 to 365
	= Crocodyliformes indet. Hay 1930	Rio and Mannion 2021

	Asiatosuchus sp. Mook 1940	Rana and Sati 2000	1 specimen
	ITV/Ns/Cr-366
	= Crocodyliformes indet. Hay 1930	Rio and Mannion 2021

	Thoracosaurus sp. Leidy 1852	Rana and Sati 2000	54 specimens
	ITV/Ns/Cr-326 to 380
	= Crocodyliformes indet. Hay 1930	Rio and Mannion 2021
Chondrichthyes - Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae

	Igdabatis sigmodon Cappetta 1972	Prasad 1989
	= Igdabatis indicus Prasad and Cappetta 1993	Khajuria and Prasad 1998
unclassified

	Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795	Prasad and Godinot 1994
	= Mollusca indet. Linnaeus 1758	Khajuria and Prasad 1998
Ostracoda

	Ostracoda indet. Latreille 1802	Prasad and Godinot 1994
unclassified

	Gabonisporites sp. Srivastava 1972	Prasad and Godinot 1994
	"pollen"
see common names

Geography

Country:	India	State/province:	Andhra Pradesh	County:	Rangareddi
Coordinates:	17.2° North, 77.9° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	28.0° South, 59.0° East
Basis of coordinate:	stated in text
Geographic resolution:	outcrop

Time

Period:	Cretaceous	Epoch:	Late/Upper Cretaceous
Stage:	Maastrichtian	10 m.y. bin:	Cretaceous 8
*Period:	Late/Upper Cretaceous
Key time interval:	Late/Upper Maastrichtian
Age range of interval:	72.10000 - 66.00000 m.y. ago
Age estimate:	66.136 to 66.056 Ma (Ar/Ar)
* legacy (obsolete) database fields

Stratigraphy

Stratigraphic resolution:	group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: unnamed formation is one of the "Intertrappean Beds", below Deccan basal flow no. 5 From Malarkodi et al. 2009: Reworked Late Maastrichtian species occur in the Intertrappean beds also and suggest that the reworked species were probably derived from the erosion of the Late Maastrichtian limestone (Infratrappean beds) that were deposited before the arrival of the lower trap lava flows (Keller et al., 2008). Late Maastrichtian age has been assigned to the Doddukuru Infratrappeans beds of the Rajahmundry area on the basis of occurrence of planktic foraminifera.

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	gray,yellow calcareous mudstone
Secondary lithology:	"cross stratification",brown,gray,yellow mudstone
Includes fossils?	Y
Lithology description: "gleyed mudstone, yellow mudstone, marlstone, chert, impure marlstone and calcareous mudstone". Main thickness is gleyed mudstone, "largely grey coloured and marked by yellowish-brown and brownish-black mottling at the bedding planes...weakly developed cross-bedding". Next is a "soft and friable mudstone" that lacks sedimentary structures and has "horizonal calcareous rhizoliths". Nest is "an impure mudstone bed...which possess different bands of light pink marlstone layers mottled with soft, chalky, light yellow calcareous material. The prevalence of burrowing and rooting activity characterizes this bed as an entisol." Fossil-bearing layer at top is a "calcareous mudstone...pinkish-white in the lower portion with white calcareous mottling and pinkish-grey in the upper portion with yellow mottling...multiple paleosol features, such as a lack of bedding structures, the prevalence of mottling, isolated and coalesced calcareous nodules, calcareous rhizoliths, calcretes, and the spongy nature of the sediments characterize this unit and qualify it as a calcisol."
Environment:	fluvial-lacustrine indet.
Geology comments: "the inter-trappean sediments...are interpreted as distal floodplain-lacustrine deposits", also described as a "floodplain lake". Fossil-bearing layer is a calcisol.

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	body
Lagerst�tten type:	concentrate
Degree of concentration:	-seasonal
Size of fossils:	macrofossils,mesofossils
Spatial orientation:	random
Preservation of anatomical detail:	good
Articulated whole bodies:	none
Associated major elements:	none
Disassociated major elements:	many
Disassociated minor elements:	many
Size sorting:	poor
Fragmentation:	frequent
Bioerosion:	none
Temporal resolution:	time-averaged
Spatial resolution:	autochthonous

Collection methods and comments

Collection methods:	bulk,sieve,field collection
Minimum sieve size:	18.000	Maximum sieve size:	40.000
Collection size:	9134 specimens
Reason for describing collection:	taphonomic analysis

Metadata

Also known as:	GSI Naskal quarry; 2016 Naskal site
Database number:	27014
Authorizer:	M. Carrano, P. Mannion, P. Barrett, R. Benson, J. Alroy	Enterer:	M. Carrano, P. Mannion, E. Leckey, T. Cleary, R. Benson, G. Varnham
Modifier:	P. Mannion	Research group:	vertebrate
Created:	2002-11-12 10:39:37	Last modified:	2023-05-04 11:55:09
Access level:	the public	Released:	2002-11-12 10:39:37
Creative Commons license:	CC BY

Reference information

Primary reference:

9847.

G. V. R. Prasad and A. Sahni. 1988. First Cretaceous mammal from India. Nature 332:638-640 [J. Alroy/E. Leckey/E. Leckey]

Secondary references:

73340		F. Agnolin. 2012. A new Calyptocephalellidae (Anura, Neobatrachia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, with comments on its systematic position. Studia Geologica Salmanticensia 48(2):129-178 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
84652		S. Anantharaman, D. G. Demar Jr, R. Sivakumar, D. C. Dassarma, G. P. Wilson Mantilla and J. A. Wilson Mantilla. 2022. First rhynchocephalian (Reptilia, Lepidosauria) from the Cretaceous–Paleogene of India. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 42(1):e2118059:1-10 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
38912		D. M. Boyer, G. V. R. Prasad, D. W. Krause, M. Godinot, A. Goswami, O. Verma, and J. J. Flynn. 2010. New postcrania of Deccanolestes from the Late Cretaceous of India and their bearing on the evolutionary and biogeographic history of euarchontan mammals. Naturwissenschaften 97:365-377 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
78375		V. V. Kapur and A. Khosla. 2019. Faunal elements from the Deccan volcano-sedimentary sequences of India: a reappraisal of biostratigraphic, palaeoecologic, and palaeobiogeographic aspects. Geological Journal 54(5):2797-2828 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
7470		C. K. Khajuria and G. V. R. Prasad. 1998. Taphonomy of a Late Cretaceous mammal-bearing microvertebrate assemblage from the Deccan inter-trappean beds of Naskal, peninsular India. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 137:153-172 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
78384		C. K. Khajuria and B. P. Singh. 1992. Geochemistry of the infratrappean beds of Marepalli and intertrappean beds of Naskal, Rangareddi District, Andhra Pradesh. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy A (Physical Sciences) 58(1):69-82 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
57897		A. Khosla and O. Verma. 2015. Paleobiota from the Deccan volcano-sedimentary sequences of India: paleoenvironments, age and paleobiogeographic implications. Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 27(7):898-914 [P. Barrett/T. Cleary]
8947	ETE	V. G. Novokshonov. 1993. Die interessante Bittacidenreste (Mecoptera Insecta) aus dem Jura von Eurasien. Russian Entomological Journal 2(1):57-62 [C. Labandeira/A. Spencer-Lee/M. Clapham]
78377		G. V. R. Prasad. 1989. Vertebrate fauna from the infra- and inter-trappean beds of Andhra Pradesh: age implications. Journal of the Geological Society of India 34:161-173 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
8749		G. V. R. Prasad and M. Godinot. 1994. Eutherian tarsal bones from the Late Cretaceous of India. Journal of Paleontology 68(4):892-902 [J. Alroy/E. Leckey/E. Leckey]
9864		G. V. R. Prasad, J. J. Jaeger, A. Sahni, E. Gheerbrant, and C. K. Khajuria. 1994. Eutherian mammals from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) inter-trappean beds of Naskal, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(2):260-277 [J. Alroy/E. Leckey/J. Alroy]
37064		G. V. R. Prasad and F. d. Lapparent de Broin. 2002. Late Cretaceous crocodile remains from Naskal (India): comparisons and biogeographic affinities. Annales de Paléontologie 88:19-71 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
10788		G. V. R. Prasad and J. C. Rage. 1991. A discoglossid frog in the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of India. Further evidence for a terrestrial route between India and Laurasia in the latest Cretaceous. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Série II, Mecanique, Physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'Univers, Sciences de la Terre 313(2):273-278 [J. Alroy/E. Leckey/M. Carrano]
9863		G. V. R. Prasad and J. C. Rage. 1995. Amphibians and squamates from the Maastrichtian of Naskal, India. Cretaceous Research 16:95-107 [J. Alroy/E. Leckey/M. Carrano]
81043		J. -C. Rage, G. V. R. Prasad, O. Verma, A. Khosla, and V. Parmar. 2020. Anuran Lissamphibian and Squamate Reptiles from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Deccan Intertrappean Sites in Central India, with a Review of Lissamphibian and Squamate Diversity in the Northward Drifting Indian Plate. In G. V. R. Prasad, R. Patnaik (eds.), Biological Consequences of Plate Tectonics: New Perspectives on Post-Gondwana Break-up—A Tribute to Ashok Sahni 99-121 [P. Mannion/G. Varnham]
9917		J. C. Rage and G. V. R. Prasad. 1992. New snakes from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Naskal, India. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 187(1):83-97 [J. Alroy/E. Leckey/E. Leckey]
49061		R. S. Rana. 1990. Palaeontology and palaeoecology of the Intertrappean (Cretaceous-Tertiary transition) beds of the peninsular India. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 35:105-120 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
49398		R. S. Rana and K. K. Sati. 2000. Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene crocodilians from the Deccan Trap-associated sedimentary sequences of peninsular India. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 45:123-136 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
78086		J. P. Rio and P. D. Mannion. 2021. Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem. PeerJ 9:e12094:1-156 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
15614	ETE	A. Sahni and S. Bajpai. 1991. Eurasiatic elements in the Upper Cretaceous nonmarine biotas of peninsular India. Cretaceous Research 12:177-183 [M. Carrano/K. Maguire/M. Carrano]
39751		G. P. Wilson, D. C. Das Sarma, and S. Anantharaman. 2007. Late Cretaceous sudamericid gondwanatherians from India with paleobiogeographic considerations of Gondwanan mammals. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(2):521-531 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
82406		G. P. Wilson Mantilla, P. R. Renne, B. Samant, D. M. Mohabey, A. Dhobale, A. J. Tholt, T. S. Tobin, M. Widdowson, S. Anantharaman, D. C. Dassarma, and J. A. Wilson Mantilla. 2022. New mammals from the Naskal intertrappean site and the age of India’s earliest eutherians. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 591:110857 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/P. Mannion]