Corakyerler: Late/Upper Miocene, Turkey
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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unclassified
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Plessiadax innundatus
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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Protoallactaga major
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Unay et al. 2003 | |||||||||
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Allocritecus aylasevimae
|
Unay et al. 2003 | |||||||||
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Hansdebruijnia erksinae
|
Unay et al. 2003 | |||||||||
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Hansdebruijnia neutrum
|
Unay et al. 2003 | |||||||||
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Rhinocerodon indet.
|
Unay et al. 2003 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Testudines
- Trionychidae
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Trionyx triunguis
Forksal 1775
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Staesche et al. 2007 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Primates
- Hominidae
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Ouranopithecus turkae n. sp.
Gulec et al. 2007
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Gulec et al. 2007 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Gliridae
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Myomimus indet.
Ognev 1924
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Unay et al. 2003 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Muridae
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Muridae indet.
Illiger 1811
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Unay et al. 2003 | |||||||||
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Pliospalax indet.
Kormos 1932
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Unay et al. 2003 | |||||||||
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Pseudomeriones latidens
Sen 2001
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Unay et al. 2003 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cricetidae
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Byzantinia hellenicus
(Freudenthal 1970)
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Unay et al. 2003 | |||||||||
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Byzantinia pikermiensis
de Bruijn 1976
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Unay et al. 2003 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Hystricidae
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Hystrix kayae
Halaçlar et al. 2023
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Halaçlar et al. 2023 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Eomyidae
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Keramidomys indet.
Hartenberger 1966
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Unay et al. 2003 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Soricidae
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Soricidae indet.
Fischer 1814
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Unay et al. 2003 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Amphimachairodus giganteus
Kretzoi 1929
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| based on Sevim and Yigit 2008 | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Hyaenidae
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Ictitherium indet.
Wagner 1848
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| based on Sevim Erol and Yigit 2010 | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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Mustelidae indet.
Fischer 1817
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| based on Sevim Erol and Yigit 2010 | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Bovidae
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cf. Criotherium sp.
Forsyth Major 1891
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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Gazella sp.
Blaineville 1816
|
Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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Miotragocerus sp.
Stromer 1928
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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Majoreas cf. woodwardi
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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cf. Nisidorcas sp.
Bouvrain 1979
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| in Bibi and Gulec 2008 | ||||||||||
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cf. Tragoportax sp.
Pilgrim 1937
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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Oioceros rothi
|
Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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cf. Prostrepsiceros sp.
Forsyth Major 1891
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Cervidae
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Pliocervus sp.
Hilzheimer 1922
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Giraffidae
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Palaeotragus cf. rouenii
(Gaudry 1861)
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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Palaeotragus cf. quadricornis
Bohlin 1926
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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Bohlinia cf. attica
(Lydekker 1886)
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Suidae
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Microstonyx major
(Gervais 1848)
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Chilotherium kowalevskii
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| in Pehlevan 2005 | ||||||||||
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Acerorhinus sp.
Kretzoi 1942
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
| n. sp. | ||||||||||
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Ceratotherium neumayri
(Osborn 1900)
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| in Pehlevan 2005 | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Hipparion sp.
de Christol 1832
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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Hipparion cf. prostylum
Gervais 1849
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Choerolophodontidae
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Choerolophodon pentelici
(Gaudry and Lartet 1856)
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Geraads 2013 | |||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | Turkey | State/province: | Cankiri |
| Coordinates: | 40.6° North, 33.6° East (view map) | ||
| Paleocoordinates: | 40.9° North, 33.1° East | ||
| Basis of coordinate: | estimated from map |
Time
| Period: | Neogene | Epoch: | Miocene |
| 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 | ||
| Key time interval: | Late/Upper Miocene | Mammal zone: | MN 11 |
| Age range of interval: | 11.63000 - 5.33300 m.y. ago | ||
| Age estimate: | 8.11 to 7.64 Ma (paleomagnetic) |
Stratigraphy
| Formation: | Tuglu |
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | lenticular,red lithified mudstone |
| Secondary lithology: | nodular,red,white silty "limestone" |
| Includes fossils? | Y |
| Lithology description: At its lower levels, the Tuglu Formation at Corakyerler (Fig. 4) is characterized by red to pink nodular limestone and siltstone, marl alternations with sparse freshwater mollusks (Gastro- poda, Bivalvia), and some vertebrate bones. This is succeeded by an approximately 6-m-thick white to pinkish clayey limestone intercalated with thin red mudstone lenses that are rich in vertebrate bones, including hominid fossils. The fossil-bearing horizon appears to reflect a distal alluvial fan to floodplain environment. The presence of freshwater mollusks, together with an alternation of gypsum, marls, laminated claystones, and shales, in the various levels of the section indicates lacustrine deposition with fluctuating lake levels. Organic-rich levels may indicate swampy areas at the periphery of the lake (cf. Walker and James, 1992; Talbot and Allen, 1996), whereas lenses of sandstones with conglomerates indicate fluvial settings, which probably drained the lake. | |
| Environment: | lacustrine - large |
| Geology comments: Corakyerler contrast strongly with the mostly fluvial or alluvial fan deposits at other Turolian localities in the Greco-Iranian region. Sedimentological and faunal differences both suggest that the fossil assemblage of Corakyerler represents habitats at an ancient lake shore. The evidence supports the view that its com- munity is somehow ‘more humid’ than expected from its mean hypsodonty, reflecting a locally humid setting in a more arid regional context. Corakyerler therefore shows local taxonomic and paleoenvironmental differences from the regional average, as a typical Pikermian fauna and environment with a local twist favorable to hominids. | |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | field collection,observed (not collected) |
| Reason for describing collection: | biostratigraphic analysis |
Metadata
| Database number: | 184368 | ||
| Authorizer: | E. Vlachos, M. Uhen | Enterer: | E. Vlachos, C. Hoover |
| Modifier: | E. Vlachos | ||
| Created: | 2017-02-23 12:20:04 | Last modified: | 2017-02-23 13:38:07 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2017-02-23 12:20:04 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 61766. | F. Kaya, N. Kaymakci, F. Bibi, J. Eronen, C. Pehlevan, A.C. Erkman, C. Langereis and M. Fortelius. 2016. Magnetostratigraphy and paleoecology of the hominid-bearing locality Corakyerler, Tuglu Formation (Cankiri Basin, Central Anatolia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(2) [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos] |
Secondary references:
| 61767 | D. Geraads. 2013. Large Mammals from the Late Miocene of Corakyerler, Cankiri, Turkey. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 65:381-390 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos] | |
| 61768 | E.S. Gulec, A. Sevim, C. Pehlevan and F. Kaya. 2007. A new great ape from the late Miocene of Turkey. Anthropological Science 115:153-158 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos/M. Uhen] | |
| 86680 | K. Halaçlar, A. Sevim Erol, T. Köroğlu, P. Rummy, T. Deng and S. Mayda. 2023. A new Late Miocene Hystrix (Hystricidae, Rodentia) from Turkey . Integrative Zoology 00:1-16 [M. Uhen/C. Hoover] | |
| 61765 | K. Staesche, H.V. Karl, and U. Staesche. 2007. Fossile Schildkroten aus der Turkei. In U. Staesche (ed.), Fossile Schildkroten aus drei Kontinenten 98:91-149 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos] | |
| 61769 | E. Unay, H. de Bruijn, and G. Sarac. 2003. A preliminary zonation of the continental Neogene of Anatolia based on Rodents. Distribution and Migration of Tertiary Mammals in Eurasia, Volume 10. A Volume in Honour of Hans de Bruijn. Deinsea 10:539-548 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos] |