Gram Formation: Tortonian, Denmark

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes - Rajidae
Raja sp. Linnaeus 1758
Bendix-Almgreen 1983
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Galeocerdidae
Galeocerdo sp. Müller and Henle 1837
Bendix-Almgreen 1983
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Scyliorhinidae
Scyliorhinus cf. coupatezi Herman 1974
Bendix-Almgreen 1983
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Odontaspididae
Odontaspis sp. Agassiz 1838
Bendix-Almgreen 1983
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Cetorhinidae
Cetorhinus maximus (Gunner 1765)
Bendix-Almgreen 1983
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Otodontidae
Carcharodon megalodon (Agassiz 1835)
Bendix-Almgreen 1983
recombined as Otodus megalodon
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Lamnidae
Isurus sp. Rafinesque 1810
Bendix-Almgreen 1983
Isurus escheri Agassiz 1843
Bendix-Almgreen 1983
Isurus hastalis (Agassiz 1838)
Bendix-Almgreen 1983
recombined as Carcharodon hastalis
Chondrichthyes - Squalomorphii - Hexanchidae
Hexanchus primigenus
Bendix-Almgreen 1983
Chondrichthyes - Squalidae
Squalus cf. acanthias Linnaeus 1758
Bendix-Almgreen 1983
Echinoidea - Spatangoida - Brissidae
Brissopsis lyrifera
Hansen and Hansen 2005
Scaphopoda - Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
Dentalium cf. michelotti
Scaphopoda - Gadilida - Gadilidae
Polyschides weinbrechti
Bivalvia - Mytilida - Mytilidae
Mytilus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Bivalvia - Arcida - Glycymerididae
Glycymeris (Chevronia) obovata (Lamarck 1819)
recombined as Glycymeris (Glycymeris) obovata
Bivalvia - Arcida - Limopsidae
Limopsis (Limopsis) aurita (Brocchi 1814)
Limopsis (Pectunculina) cf. anomala
synonym of Limopsis
Bivalvia - Ostreida - Pinnidae
Atrina sp. Gray 1842
Bivalvia - Pectinida - Pectinidae
Pseudamussium cf. lilli (Pusch 1837)
Pecten lilli
Pseudamussium clavatum (Poli 1795)
Korobkovia woodi
Aequipecten seniensis
Bivalvia - Pectinida - Anomiidae
Pododesmus (Heteranomia) squamula (Linnaeus 1758)
recombined as Heteranomia squamula
Bivalvia - Carditida - Astartidae
Carinastarte vetula
spelled with current rank as Astarte (Carinastarte)
Goodallia (Goodallia) esbjergensis
Bivalvia - Carditida - Carditidae
Venericardia ampla
Venericardia ronchetti
Venericardia squamulosa
Pteromeris corbis
Cyclocardia (Cyclocardia) orbicularis
Bivalvia - Lucinida - Lucinidae
Lucinidae indet. Fleming 1828
Bivalvia - Lucinida - Thyasiridae
Thyasira (Thyasira) flexuosa (Montagu 1803)
original and current combination Tellina flexuosa
Bivalvia - Pholadida - Corbulidae
Corbula (Varicorbula) gibba (Oliva 1792)
Bivalvia - Pholadida - Xylophagaidae
Xylophaga sp. Turton 1822
Bivalvia - Pholadida - Teredinidae
Teredinidae indet. Rafinesque 1815
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Leptonidae
Lepton transversarium Cossmann 1896
recombined as Lepton (Lepton) transversarium
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Cardiidae
Parvicardium straeleni
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Semelidae
Abra (Abra) cf. prismatica (Montagu 1808)
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Mactridae
Spisula aff. subtruncata (da Costa 1778)
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Kelliellidae
Spaniodontella nitida
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Glossidae
Glossus (Glossus) olearii
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Montacutidae
Mioerycina coarctata (Wood 1840)
Bivalvia - Hiatellida - Hiatellidae
Hiatella (Hiatella) arctica (Linnaeus 1767)
recombined as Hiatella arctica
Bivalvia - Poromyida - Cuspidariidae
Cardiomya (Cardiomya) costellata (Deshayes 1833)
Cuspidaria (Cuspidaria) cf. cuspidata
Bivalvia - Thraciida - Thraciidae
Thracia (Thracia) inflata
Bivalvia - Thraciida - Periplomatidae
Periploma ariei Gürs 1996
Bivalvia - Nuculanida - Yoldiidae
Yoldiella pygmaea
Yoldiella spiegleri
Yoldia (Yoldia) glaberrima (von Münster 1837)
Bivalvia - Nuculida - Nuculidae
Leionucula cf. laevigata (Sowerby 1818)
Nucula (Lamellinucula) georgiana
Gastropoda - Lepetellida - Pseudococculinidae
Mesopelex anderseni
Pseudococculina dittmeri
Gastropoda - Skeneidae
Skenea ariejansseni
Gastropoda - Solariellidae
Solariella (Solariella) jutensis
Gastropoda - Opisthobranchia - Cylichnidae
Cylichna (Cylichna) pseudoconvoluta
Gastropoda - Opisthobranchia - Retusidae
Retusa (Cylichnina) elongata
Gastropoda - Opisthobranchia
Roxania (Roxania) utriculus
Gastropoda - Opisthobranchia - Limacinidae
Limacina atlanta
Limacina wilhelminae
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Pyramidellidae
Kleinella (Kleinella) nordmanni
Brachystomia sp. Monterosato 1884
Chrysallida (Pyrgulina) interita
Chrysallida (Parthenina) semireticulata Sorgenfrei 1958
Chrysallida (Parthenina) modesta
Eulimella (Eulimella) scillae
Eulimella (Eulimella) acicula
Pyramidella (Voluspa) plicosa
Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) rothi
original and current combination Strioturbonilla
Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) sp. (Sacco 1892)
original and current combination Strioturbonilla
Odostomia (Megastomia) conoidea (Brocchi 1814)
Odostomia (Megastomia) tuexeni
Syrnola (Syrnola) neumayri
Turbonilla (Turbonilla) costellata
Turbonilla (Turbonilla) facki
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Tjaernoiidae
Tjaernoeia punctata
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Acteonidae
Acteon (Acteon) semistriatus
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Ringiculidae
Ringicula (Ringiculina) buccinea (Sowerby 1823)
Gastropoda - Diaphanidae
Toledonia flensburgensis
Diaphana moerchi
Gastropoda - Entomotaeniata - Cimidae
Actaeopyramis elatus
Gastropoda - Epitoniidae
Cirsotrema sp. Mörch 1852
Acirsa (Hemiacirsa) aff. duvergieri
Gastropoda - Aclididae
Aclis minor
Gastropoda - Eulimidae
Eulima (Eulima) glabra
Gastropoda - Turritellidae
Turritella (Archimediella) cochlias
original and current combination Archimediella
Turritella (Turritella) tricarinata (Brocchi 1814)
Gastropoda - Naticidae
Naticarius koeneni
Euspira helicina (Brocchi 1814)
original and current combination Nerita helicina
Gastropoda - Rissoidae
Obtusella gottscheana
Gastropoda - Vitrinellidae
Circulus (Circulus) hennei Glibert 1952
Gastropoda - Ficidae
Ficus (Ficus) conditus (Brongniart 1823)
recombined as Ficus condita
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Costellariidae
Vexillum (Uromitra) cimbrica
original and current combination Uromitra
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Mitridae
Mitra grateloupi d'Orbigny 1852
recombined as Mitra (Tiara) grateloupi
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
Aquilofusus semiglaber
Aquilofusus klugorum
Aquilofusus cf. puggaardi
Colus distinctus
Liomesus ventrosus
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
Amyclina sp. Iredale 1918
Nassarius cf. wienrichi
Nassarius cf. holsaticus
Nassarius cf. syltensis
Nassarius (Uzita) prysmaticus (Brocchi 1814)
Nassarius (Tritonella) ronaldjansseni
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae
Streptolathyrus rothi
original and current combination Streptochetus (Streptolathyrus)
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
Narona rothi
Narona calcarata
Babylonella fusiformis
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Horaiclavidae
Haedropleura maitreja
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Turridae
Acamptogenotia intorta
Fusiturris (Fusiturris) helena
Unedogemmula annae
Gemmula (Gemmula) badensis
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Conidae
Conus (Conolithus) antediluvianus
spelled with current rank as Conus (Conolithes)
Oenopota kochi
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Drilliidae
Spirotropis gramensis Janssen 1993
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Terebridae
Terebra forchhammeri
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Raphitomidae
Pleurotomella (Pleurotomella) mioweberi
Raphitoma spinosoreticulata
Raphitoma variccostata
Teretia guersi
Daphnella abrahamssoni
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Clathurellidae
Pleurotomoides mariae
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Mangeliidae
Benthomangelia obtusangula
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Borsoniidae
Bathytoma (Bathytoma) cataphracta (Brocchi 1814)
Asthenotoma ornata
Microdrillia serratula
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Volutidae
Scaphella bolli
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Murex (Tubicauda) spinicosta (Bronn 1831)
recombined as Murex (Promurex) spinicosta
Trophonopsis (Pagodula) semperi
original and current combination Pagodula
Spinucella reimersi
Lyrotyphis (Eotyphis) sejunctus
Gastropoda - Aporrhaidae
Aporrhais dingdenensis Marquet et al. 2002
Gastropoda - Cassidae
Semicassis (Semicassis) miolaevigata (Sacco 1890)
recombined as Phalium (Semicassis) miolaevigata
Galeodea bicatenata (Sowerby 1815)
Gastropoda - Xenophoridae
Xenophora (Stellaria) testigera (Bronn 1831)
Gastropoda - Triphoridae
Norephora (Norephora) fritschi
Gastropoda - Cerithiopsidae
Krachia zelandica
Gastropoda - Pseudomelaniidae
Crassispira borealis
Malacostraca - Decapoda - Munididae
Munida sp. Leach 1820
Malacostraca - Decapoda - Geryonidae
Chaceon miocenicus Fraaije et al. 2005
Malacostraca - Decapoda - Retroplumidae
Retropluma borealis Fraaije et al. 2005
Malacostraca - Decapoda - Cancridae
Tasadia carniolica (Bittner 1884)
original and current combination Cancer carniolicus
Malacostraca - Decapoda - Nephropidae
Homarus cf. gammarus (Linnaeus 1758)
Nephrops kvistgaardae Fraaije et al. 2005
see common names

Geography
Country:Denmark
Coordinates: 55.3° North, 9.0° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:55.5° North, 8.0° East
Basis of coordinate:based on nearby landmark
Geographic resolution:basin
Time
Period:Neogene Epoch:Miocene
Stage:Tortonian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
Key time interval:Tortonian
Age range of interval:11.63000 - 7.24600 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Formation:Gram
Stratigraphic resolution:formation
Stratigraphy comments: STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the Gram Fm, which conformably overlies the Hodde Fm (Serravallian) and is unconformably overlain by Quaternary deposits. AGE: Tortonian. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: General list for formation.
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:micaceous poorly lithified silty claystone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Silty, dark, micaceous clay. LITHIFICATION: Poorly-lithified, on the basis of figured specimens.
Environment:marine indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:good
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:surface (in situ),field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collection method comments: COLLECTORS: Unknown. REPOSITORY: Unknown.
Taxonomic list comments:COVERAGE: Exhaustive for molluscs. NOMENCLATURE: Modern nomenclature, with species-resolution identifications.
Metadata
Database number:98312
Authorizer:A. Hendy Enterer:A. Hendy
Modifier:M. Uhen Research group:marine invertebrate
Created:2010-09-30 09:41:02 Last modified:2019-01-18 14:27:17
Access level:authorizer only Released:2011-09-30 09:41:02
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
33963. F. Roth and K. Hoedemakers. 2005. The Marine Gram Formation at Gram, Denmark: Late Miocene Geology and Palaeontology. Palaeontos 7:1-189 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]

Secondary references:

48619 S. E. Bendix-Almgreen. 1983. Carcharodon megalodon from the Upper Miocene of Denmark, with comments on elasmobranch tooth enameloid: coronoi'n. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 32:1-32 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]
36506 J. Hansen and T. Hansen. 2005. A Late Miocene brissid echinoid from Denmark. Palaeontos 7:46-50 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]
59717 R. Janssen. 1993. Taxonomy, evolution and spreading of the turrid genus Spirotropis (Gastropoda: Turridae. Scripta Geologica 2:237-261 [W. Kiessling/M. Krause/M. Krause]
15249 F. Roth. 1980. Comments on a baleen whale skeleton from the Gram Formation. Saertryk af Nordslesvigske Museers 13-28 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]