Manis Mastodon Site: Late/Upper Pleistocene, Washington
collected by C. E. Gustafson, R. D. Daugherty 1977, 1978

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Arceuthobium sp. microspore
also Pseudotsuga-Larix
Liguliflorae indet. microspore
also "Other Compositae"
Chenopodiineae indet. microspore
Sarcobatus sp. microspore
Shepherdia canadensis microspore
Platyopuntia sp. microspore
also "Other terrestrial pollen"
Polypodiopsida - Polypodiaceae
Polypodium sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
also "Other monolete spores"
Polypodiopsida - Equisetales - Equisetaceae
Equisetum sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Polypodiopsida - Polypodiales - Pteridaceae
Cheilanthes sp. microspore Swartz 1806
Polypodiopsida - Polypodiales - Dryopteridaceae
Dryopteris sp. microspore Adanson 1763
Pteridopsida - Ophioglossales - Ophioglossaceae
Botrychium sp. microspore Swartz 1800
unclassified
Bryophyta indet. microspore
Angiospermae - Poales - Poaceae
Gramineae indet. microspore de Jussieu
synonym of Poaceae
also Geum-Rosa
Angiospermae - Poales - Typhaceae
Typha latifolia microspore Linnaeus 1753
also Sparganium-Typha
Angiospermae - Poales - Cyperaceae
Cyperaceae indet. microspore Jussieu 1789
Carex sp. seed/fruit Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus spp. seed/fruit
Eleocharis sp. seed/fruit Brown 1810
Angiospermae - Liliaceae
Liliaceae indet. microspore Jussieu 1789
Angiospermae - Ceratophyllales - Ceratophyllaceae
Ceratophyllum demersum seed/fruit Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae - Caryophyllales - Polygonaceae
Polygonum amphibium seed/fruit
seed/fruit; also P. amphibium-type pollen also Dodecatheon-type, Phacelia-type, Sium-type, and "Other Umbelliferae"
Angiospermae - Caryophyllales - Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae indet. microspore Jussieu 1789
Angiospermae - Caryophyllales - Amaranthaceae
Chenopodium sp. seed/fruit Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae - Cornales - Cornaceae
Cornus stolonifera microspore
also Symphoricarpos-Lonicera and Cornus spp. seed/fruit
Angiospermae - Asterales - Menyanthaceae
Menyanthes sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae - Asterales - Campanulaceae
Campanulaceae indet. microspore de Jussieu 1789
Angiospermae - Asterales - Asteraceae
Artemisia sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae - Gentianales - Rubiaceae
Galium sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae - Lamiales - Lamiaceae
Labiatae indet. microspore de Jussieu
synonym of Lamiaceae
Angiospermae - Lamiales - Scrophulariaceae
Pedicularis sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae - Lamiales - Lentibulariaceae
Utricularia sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae - Lamiales - Plantaginaceae
Plantago sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae - Saxifragales - Haloragaceae
Myriophyllum spicatum seed/fruit
seed/fruit; also M. sp. pollen
Angiospermae - Saxifragales - Grossulariaceae
Ribes sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
also "Other Saxifragaceae"
Angiospermae - Ranunculales - Ranunculaceae
Thalictrum sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Ranunculus sp. microspore, seed/fruit Linnaeus 1753
aquatilis-type seed/fruit and inamoenus-type pollen; also "Other Ranunculaceae" and Rumex-Oxyria pollen
Angiospermae - Ranunculales - Berberidaceae
Berberis sp. microspore Linnaeus 1754
Angiospermae - Rosales - Urticaceae
Urticaceae indet. microspore de Jussieu 1789
also Vicia-type
Angiospermae - Rosales - Rosaceae
Rosa spp. seed/fruit
Potentilla sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
also Rubus-type and Spiraea-type
Potentilla spp. seed/fruit
Angiospermae - Fagales - Fagaceae
Quercus sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
also Ambrosia-type
Angiospermae - Fagales - Betulaceae
Alnus sp. microspore Miller 1754
Betula sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae - Malpighiales - Salicaceae
Salix sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae - Brassicales - Brassicaceae
Cruciferae indet. microspore de Jussieu 1789
synonym of Brassicaceae
Angiospermae - Sapindales - Sapindaceae
Acer sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae - Myrtales - Onagraceae
Onagraceae indet. microspore de Jussieu 1789
Angiospermae - Myrtales - Haloragidaceae
Hippuris vulgaris seed/fruit Linnaeus 1753
seed/fruit; also H. sp. pollen
Angiospermae - Ericales - Ericaceae
Ericaceae indet. microspore Jussieu 1789
Arctostaphylos uvaursi seed/fruit
Angiospermae - Typhales - Sparganiaceae
Sparganium sp. seed/fruit Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae - Alismatales - Zannichelliaceae
Zannichellia palustris seed/fruit Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae - Alismatales - Potamogetonaceae
Potamogeton sp. microspore, seed/fruit Linnaeus 1753
both pollen and seed/fruit
Angiospermae - Arales - Lemnaceae
Lemna sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Pinopsida - Pinales - Pinaceae
Picea sp. microspore Dietrich 1824
Tsuga heterophylla microspore
Tsuga mertensiana microspore (Bongard 1832)
Abies sp. microspore Miller 1754
Pinus sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Coniferales - Cupressaceae
Cupressaceae indet. microspore Gray 1822
Algae - Botryococcaceae
Botryococcus sp. microspore Kutzing 1849
Ginkgoopsida - Ephedrales - Ephedraceae
Ephedra sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
viridis-type
Lycopodiopsida - Selaginellales - Selaginellaceae
Selaginella sp. microspore Beauvois 1804
densa-type; also "Other trilete spores"
Chlorophyceae
Pediastrum sp. microspore Meyen 1829
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Mammutidae
Mammut americanum (Kerr 1792)
Mammalia - Bovidae
Bison sp. Hamilton-Smith 1827
Mammalia - Cervidae
Rangifer sp. Hamilton-Smith 1827
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:Washington County:Clallam
Coordinates: 48.1° North, 123.1° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:48.0° North, 123.1° West
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Altitude:165 meters
Geographic resolution:small collection
Time
Period:Quaternary Epoch:Pleistocene
Stage:Late/Upper Pleistocene 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
Key time interval:Late/Upper Pleistocene
Age range of interval:0.12900 - 0.01170 m.y. ago
Age estimate:11960 ± 17 YBP (14C)
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: the main horizon is "63 cm" thick but the fossils only occur in the "lower 47 cm"
an average of 13 AMS 14C dates of 11,960 +/- 17 ybp (uncalibrated) and 13,860 to 13,765 ybp (calibrated) on a mastodon rib bone is reported by Waters et al. 2011
Petersen et al. 1983 reported four uncalibrated radiocarbon dates in stratigraphic sequence, of which the first three were clustered (12,100 +/- 310, 11,560 +/- 160, 11,000 +/- 150) and spanned the fossiliferous interval and the topmost (8,920 +/- 100) was at the very top of the main horizon and so well above the fossils
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:brown silty,carbonaceous sandstone
Lithology description: "colluvial brown gravelly silty sand with organic detritus grading upward to sandy silt"
Environment:pond
Glacial or sequence phase:late glacial
Geology comments: the "horizon accumulated directly upon till lining a pond some 60 m in diameter; mastodon bones were concentrated near the north shore"
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,anthropogenic
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils,microfossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:salvage,selective quarrying,field collection
Reason for describing collection:paleoecologic analysis
Collectors:C. E. Gustafson, R. D. Daugherty Collection dates:1977, 1978
Collection method comments: "discovered in the summer of 1977 when two mastodon tusks were unearthed during excavation of a pond in a marshy depression"
repository not indicated
Metadata
Database number:93677
Authorizer:J. Alroy Enterer:J. Alroy
Modifier:J. Alroy Research group:vertebrate
Created:2010-01-27 19:59:43 Last modified:2011-10-21 00:37:26
Access level:the public Released:2010-01-27 19:59:43
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
31764. K. L. Petersen, P. J. Mehringer, Jr., and C. E. Gustafson. 1983. Late-glacial vegetation and climate at the Manis mastodon site, Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Quaternary Research 20(2):215-231 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]

Secondary references:

38266 M. R. Waters, T. W. Stafford, Jr., H. G. McDonald, C. Gustafson, M. Rasmussen, E. Cappellini, J. V. Olsen, D. Szklarczyk, L. J. Jensen, M. T. P. Gilbert, and E. Willerslev. 2011. Pre-Clovis mastodon hunting 13,800 years ago at the Manis Site, Washington. Science 334:351-353 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]