Sandia Cave Unit X (Bliss-Hibben Collection): Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene, New Mexico
collected by W. L. Bliss, F. C. Hibben 1936-1941
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Elephas sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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= Mammuthus sp.
Brookes 1828
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Lutugin 1894 | ||||||
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Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Mammutidae
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Mastodon americanus
(Kerr 1792)
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| recombined as Mammut americanum | |||||||
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Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Bison antiquus
Leidy 1852
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Mammalia
- Camelidae
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Camelops sp.
Leidy 1854
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Equus excelsus
Leidy 1858
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| see common names | |||||||
Geography
| Country: | United States | State/province: | New Mexico | County: | Sandoval |
| Coordinates: | 35.3° North, 106.4° West (view map) | ||||
| Paleocoordinates: | 35.3° North, 106.4° West | ||||
| Basis of coordinate: | stated in text | ||||
| Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
| Period: | Quaternary |
| 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
| Key time interval: | Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene |
| Age range of interval: | 0.12900 - 0.00000 m.y. ago |
| Age estimate: | 13700 ± 400 to 1890 ± 90 YBP (14C) |
Stratigraphy
| Stratigraphic resolution: | group of beds | ||||
| Stratigraphy comments: this unit was thought by Hibben to include "Sandia" (pre-Folsom) artifacts, to be entirely "Late Pleistocene," and to underlie and predate units F and H, but according to Haynes and Agogino 1986 it consists of material reworked "by rodent activity" from units F, H, and J and the "Sandia" artifacts are actually of Folsom age; there are nine 14C dates ranging from "1890+/-90" years B.P. on a "charcoal lump" to "13,700+/-400" on "large animal bone," but the youngest of six dates on bone is "8,520+/-300," so it is possible that none of the fossils are younger than Early Holocene | |||||
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | shelly/skeletal,brown unlithified conglomeratic siltstone |
| Lithology description: "Loose debris... yellowish brown, dust with rodent dung, artifacts, teeth, and fragments of rock, bone, twigs, pinon nuts, and acorns in tunnels in, on, and under ochre and limestone residuum" (Haynes and Agogino 1986) | |
| Environment: | cave |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body,midden |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
| Temporal resolution: | time-averaged |
| Spatial resolution: | autochthonous |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | selective quarrying,field collection | ||
| Reason for describing collection: | archaeological analysis | ||
| Collectors: | W. L. Bliss, F. C. Hibben | Collection dates: | 1936-1941 |
| Collection method comments: the original excavation was of the first three 23 meters of the cave | |||
| Taxonomic list comments:"Nothrotherium sp." is reported by Hibben from the "Sandia layer... directly on top of the travertine layer" overlying Haynes and Agogino 1986's units F and H, but the specimen is from "in the rear of the cave" where the only travertine actually underlies breccias equivalent to units F and H | |||
Metadata
| Also known as: | Sandia Layer | ||
| Database number: | 93377 | ||
| Authorizer: | J. Alroy | Enterer: | J. Alroy |
| Modifier: | M. Uhen | Research group: | vertebrate |
| Created: | 2010-01-16 10:21:29 | Last modified: | 2022-03-07 10:15:26 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2010-01-16 10:21:29 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY | ||
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 31597. | F. C. Hibben. 1941. Evidences of early occupation in Sandia Cave, New Mexico, and other sites in the Sandia-Manzano region. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 99(23):1-44 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy] |