Black Horse Quarry, Tetham Hill: Early/Lower Valanginian, United Kingdom
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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Actinopteri
- Pycnodontiformes
- Pycnodontidae
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Pycnodus sp.
Agassiz 1833
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Etheridge 1885 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Megalosauridae
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Megalosaurus sp.
Parkinson 1822
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Etheridge 1885 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Iguanodontidae
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Cetiosaurus brachyurus n. sp.
Owen 1842
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2 specimens | |||||||||
| nomen dubium belonging to Iguanodontidae | ||||||||||
| Mantell Coll. 109/2109, 161/2161 | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
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Iguanodon sp.
Mantell 1825
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Etheridge 1885 | |||||||||
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Pterodactylus sp.
Cuvier 1809
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Etheridge 1885 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Teleosauridae
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Teleosaurus sp.
Geoffroy 1825
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Etheridge 1885 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Goniopholididae
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Goniopholis sp.
Owen 1842
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Etheridge 1885 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Plesiosauria
- Leptocleididae
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Plesiosaurus sp.
de la Beche and Conybeare 1821
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Etheridge 1885 | |||||||||
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= Cimoliasaurus valdensis
Lydekker 1889
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Ketchum 2011 | |||||||||
| recombined as Hastanectes valdensis | ||||||||||
| Hastings Museum and Art Gallery, UK specimens | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Mosasauridae
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Leiodon sp.
Owen 1842
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Etheridge 1885 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
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Chelone sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Etheridge 1885 | |||||||||
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= Testudinata indet.
Oppel 1811
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Mannion 2017 | |||||||||
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Chondrichthyes
- Hybodontiformes
- Hybodontidae
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Hybodus sp.
Agassiz 1834
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Etheridge 1885 | |||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | United Kingdom | State/province: | England | County: | Sussex |
| Coordinates: | 50.9° North, 0.5° East (view map) | ||||
| Paleocoordinates: | 41.8° North, 10.1° East | ||||
| Basis of coordinate: | stated in text | ||||
| Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
| Period: | Cretaceous | Epoch: | Early/Lower Cretaceous |
| Stage: | Valanginian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cretaceous 1 |
| Key time interval: | Early/Lower Valanginian | ||
| Age range of interval: | 139.80000 - 132.60000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
| Geological group: | Wealden | Formation: | Wadhurst Clay | ||
| Stratigraphic resolution: | bed | ||||
| Stratigraphy comments: "Wealden Formation" originally but term covered several groups in modern usage
The Wadhurst Clay Formation of the Hastings Beds Subgroup has an ages of Lower Valanginian according to Radley (2006; vide Allen & Wimbledon 1991) | |||||
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | nodular,gray claystone |
| Secondary lithology: | lenticular,pebbly calcareous sandstone |
| Includes fossils? | Y |
| Lithology description: "Grey clay with nodules; the ‘‘bone bed’’ (0"–4") in its lower part...The ‘bone bed’ (Telham Bone Bed) lies on an erosion surface and comprises lenticular calcite-cemented pebbly sandstone with abundant vertebrate coprolites, broken bones and teeth with little evidence of weatherin.g" | |
| Environment: | lacustrine - small |
| Geology comments: Shallow, freshwater to slightly brackish lakes, including horsetail ‘reed’ bed and terrestrial fauna. Fossils throughout the Wadhurst Clay Formation include ostracods, conchostracans (‘clam-shrimps’), pond-snails and the low-salinity bivalve Neomiodon. Widespread siltstone and fine sandstone gutter- and scour-fills indicate storm activity and/or fluvial runoff into the Wadhurst lakes (Radley 2006) | |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
| Disassociated major elements: | many |
| Fragmentation: | frequent |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | selective quarrying,field collection |
| Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis |
Metadata
| Also known as: | Battle, Tetham Bone Bed | ||
| Database number: | 91990 | ||
| Authorizer: | M. Carrano, R. Benson, P. Mannion | Enterer: | M. Carrano, P. Mannion, R. Benson |
| Modifier: | M. Carrano | Research group: | vertebrate |
| Created: | 2009-10-26 19:35:26 | Last modified: | 2021-12-13 13:33:39 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2009-10-26 19:35:26 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY | ||
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 14071. | ETE | R. Owen. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles, part II. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 11:60-204 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano] |
Secondary references:
| 78161 | D. J. Batten and P. A. Austen. 2011. The Wealden of south-east England. In D. J. Batten (ed.), English Wealden Fossils. The Palaeontological Association Field Guide to Fossils 14:15-51 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano] | |
| 30956 | ETE | R. Etheridge. 1885. Manual of Geology: Theoretical and Practical. Part II. Stratigraphical Geology and Palaeontology. Charles Griffin and Company, London 1-712 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano] |
| 41566 | H. F. Ketchum. 2011. Marine reptiles. Palaeontological Association Field Guide to Fossils 14:285-294 [R. Benson/R. Benson] | |
| 63504 | P. D. Mannion. 2017. Personal opinions. [P. Mannion/P. Mannion] | |
| 63762 | G. A. Mantell. 1854. The Medals of Creation; or, First Lessions in Geology, and the Study of Organic Remains 2:447-930 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano] | |
| 48176 | J. D. Radley. 2006. A Wealden guide I: the Weald Sub-basin. Geology Today 22:109-118 [R. Benson/R. Benson] | |
| 78875 | J. D. Radley and P. Allen. 2012. The Wealden (non-marine Lower Cretaceous) of the Weald Sub-basin, southern England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 123(2):245-318 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano] | |
| 30971 | ETE | A. S. Woodward and C. D. Sherborn. 1890. A Catalogue of British Fossil Vertebrata. Dulao & Company, London 1-396 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano] |