Gobero Mid-Holocene Middens 1-4: Holocene, Niger
collected 2006, 2007

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Tilapinii indet.
Actinopteri - Centropomidae
Lates niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)
Actinopteri - Cypriniformes - Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae indet. Rafinesque 1815
Actinopteri - Siluriformes - Clariidae
Clarias sp. Scopoli 1777
Actinopteri - Siluriformes - Bagridae
Bagridae indet. Bleeker 1852
Actinopteri - Siluriformes - Mochokidae
Synodontis sp. Cuvier 1816
Actinopteri - Osteoglossiformes - Gymnarchidae
Gymnarchus niloticus
Actinopteri - Osteoglossiformes - Osteoglossidae
Heterotis niloticus
Cladistia - Polypteriformes - Polypteridae
Polypterus sp. Lacépède 1803
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758
Mammalia - Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus 1758
Mammalia - Bovidae
Bos taurus Linnaeus 1758
Redunca redunca Hamilton Smith 1827
Mammalia - Rodentia
Rodentia indet. Bowdich 1821
Mammalia - Primates - Hominidae
Homo sapiens Linnaeus 1758
Reptilia - Varanidae
Varanus sp. Merrem 1820
Reptilia - Boidae
Python sebae Gmelin 1789
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae
Trionychidae indet. Gray 1825
Reptilia - Testudines - Pelomedusidae
Pelusios adansonii Schweigger 1812
Reptilia - Struthioniformes - Struthionidae
Struthio camelus Linnaeus 1758
Reptilia
Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti 1768
Gastropoda - Thiaridae
Melanoides tuberculata (Müller 1774)
Bivalvia - Unionida - Mutelidae
Mutela sp. Scopoli 1777
Bivalvia - Unionida - Iridinidae
? Aspatharia sp. Bourguignat 1885
see common names

Geography
Country:Niger
Coordinates: 17.0° North, 9.8° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:17.0° North, 9.8° East
Basis of coordinate:estimated from map
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Quaternary Epoch:Holocene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
Key time interval:Holocene
Age range of interval:0.01170 - 0.00000 m.y. ago
Age estimate:5200 to 2500 YBP (14C)
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: age is "Phase 3-Mid-Holocene Occupation (5200-2500 B.C.E.)" based on numerous 14C AMS dates on enamel and bone
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: lithified calcareous sandstone
Lithology description: calcrete is composed of "calcite-cemented aeolian sand" (lithified based on this statement and figures of specimens)
Environment:dune
Geology comments: "low, calcrete fringed paleodunes"
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Articulated whole bodies:many
Feeding/predation traces:tooth marks
Temporal resolution:time-averaged
Spatial resolution:parautochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,field collection
Reason for describing collection:archaeological analysis
Collection dates:2006, 2007
Collection method comments: museum repository is not discussed, but only some skeletons were "removed in plaster jackets" and prepared
site discovered in 2000 and visited in 2003 but not worked until 2006 and 2007
Metadata
Database number:83304
Authorizer:J. Alroy Enterer:J. Alroy
Modifier:J. Alroy Research group:vertebrate
Created:2008-08-15 16:01:52 Last modified:2010-01-28 17:28:32
Access level:the public Released:2008-08-15 16:01:52
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
27974. P. C. Sereno, E. A. A. Garcea, H. Jousse, C. M. Stojanowski, J.-F. Saliège, A. Maga, O. A. Ide, K. J. Knudson, A. M. Mercuri, T. W. Stafford, Jr., T. G. Kaye, C. Giraudi, I. Massamba N'siala, E. Cocca, H. M. Moots, D. B. Dutheil, and J. P. Stivers. 2008. Lakeside cemeteries in the Sahara: 5000 years of Holocene population and environmental change. PLoS ONE 3(8):e2995 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]