Friesenhahn Cave: Late/Upper Pleistocene, Texas
collected by W. Strain 1936, 1949, 1951

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Testudo (Hesperotestudo) wilsoni Milstead 1956
Milstead 1956
recombined as Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) wilsoni
(1 measurement)
Reptilia - Testudines - Emydidae
Terrapene bulverda n. sp. Hay 1920
nomen dubium belonging to Terrapene
USNM 9221 (holotype), posterior portions of a carapace (Hay 1921, fig. 4)
Terrapene canaliculata Hay 1907
Milstead 1956
    = Terrapene carolina Linnaeus 1758
Martin 1968
see Auffenberg 1958
Reptilia - Colubridae
Pituophis melanoleucus (Daudin 1803)
Mecham 1958
Reptilia - Crotalidae
Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard 1853
Mecham 1958
Reptilia - Iguanidae
Crotaphytus collaris (Say 1823)
Mecham 1958
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Parelephas columbi (Falconer 1857)
Sellards 1941
recombined as Mammuthus columbi
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Mammutidae
Mammut americanum (Kerr 1792)
Milstead 1956
"Mammut americana"
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Dinobastis serus Cope 1893
Sellards 1941
synonym of Homotherium latidens
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mephitidae
Mephitis sp. Cuvier 1800
Sellards 1941
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Aenocyon sp. Merriam 1918
Milstead 1956
Mammalia - Tayassuidae
Mylohyus sp. Cope 1869
Martin 1968
see Lundelius 1960
    = Mylohyus nasutus Leidy 1868
Rawn-Schatzinger 1983
Mammalia - Bovidae
Bison sp. Hamilton-Smith 1827
Milstead 1956
Mammalia - Rodentia - Heteromyidae
Perognathus hispidus Baird 1858
Mecham 1958
recombined as Chaetodipus hispidus
see Kennerly 1956
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cricetidae
Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque 1818)
Mecham 1958
see Tamsitt 1957; confirmed by Martin 1968
Peromyscus nasutus
Mecham 1958
see Tamsitt 1957
    = Peromyscus cf. boylii Baird 1855
Martin 1968
Peromyscus cf. eremicus (Baird 1858)
Martin 1968
Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner 1843)
Mecham 1958
see Tamsitt 1957; confirmed by Martin 1968
Peromyscus gossypinus (Le Conte 1853)
Martin 1968
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Lepus californicus Gray 1837
Pettus 1956
see Pettus 1956
Sylvilagus floridanus (Allen 1890)
Pettus 1956
see Pettus 1956
Sylvilagus audubonii (Baird 1858)
Pettus 1956
"Sylvilagus auduboni"
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Pelobatidae
Scaphiopus sp. Holbrook 1836
Mecham 1958
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Bufonidae
Bufo cognatus
Mecham 1958
Bufo woodhousei Girard 1854
Mecham 1958
"Bufo woodhousei bexarensis" type
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Ranidae
Rana sp. Linnaeus 1758
Mecham 1958
large
Rana pipiens Schreber 1782
Mecham 1958
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Eleutherodactylidae
Eleutherodactylus augusti
Mecham 1958
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:Texas County:Bexar
Coordinates: 29.0° North, 98.5° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:29.0° North, 98.5° West
Basis of coordinate:based on nearby landmark
Geographic resolution:small collection
Time
Period:Quaternary Epoch:Pleistocene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
Key time interval:Late/Upper Pleistocene
Age range of interval:0.12600 - 0.01170 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: "More than 90 percent of all the fossil material found in place came from... Zone 3 where it was the most abundant element of the fauna... Fossil material... was also abundant in Zone 4, the channel fill. This material, however, was largely or entirely reworked from the underlying Zones 2 and 3, and was generally in broken condition... the deposit should be referred to one or more stages of the Wisconsin in the late Pleistocene"
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:planar lamination carbonaceous claystone
Lithology description: "Zone 3 consists of banded clays ranging in color from deep blue-gray near the central part of the cave to mottled reddish brown near the walls. Characteristic of this zone are broad, dark bands of carbonaceous material which extend through its entire thickness"
Environment:cave
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Temporal resolution:time-averaged
Spatial resolution:autochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:surface (in situ),field collection,survey of museum collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:TMM
Collectors:W. Strain Collection dates:1936, 1949, 1951
Taxonomic list comments:new TMM material, not the same as older material described by Hay (1921) and others
Metadata
Also known as:Bulverde Cave, Friesenhan, TMM 30733
Database number:79632
Authorizer:J. Alroy, M. Carrano, E. Vlachos Enterer:J. Alroy, M. Carrano, E. Vlachos
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2008-03-16 11:42:34 Last modified:2020-01-16 15:51:11
Access level:the public Released:2008-03-16 11:42:34
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

41113. O. P. Hay. 1920. Descriptions of some Pleistocene vertebrates found in the United States. Proceedings of The United States National Museum 58:83-146 [M. Uhen/M. Shalap/J. Marcot]

Secondary references:

26752 R. A. Martin. 1968. Further study of the Friesenhahn Cave Peromyscus. Southwestern Naturalist 13(3):253-266 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
26750 J. S. Mecham. 1958. Some Pleistocene amphibians and reptiles from Friesenhahn Cave, Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 3(1/4):17-27 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
26749 W. W. Milstead. 1956. Fossil turtles of Friesenhahn Cave, Texas, with the description of a new species of Testudo. Copeia 1956(3):162-171 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
26751 D. Pettus. 1956. Fossil rabbits (Lagomorpha) of the Friesenhahn Cave deposit, Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 1(3):109-115 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
2839 V. Rawn-Schatzinger. 1983. Development and eruption sequence of deciduous and permanent teeth in the saber-tooth cat Homotherium serum Cope. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3(1):49-57 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
71494 E. H. Sellards. 1941. Final report covering the period from March 4, 1939 ro September 30, 1941 for the state-wide paleontologic-mineralogic survey in Texas. A Federal Works Agency Work Projects Administration Project iii-85 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]