Alexandria Formation - Needs Camp: Pliocene, South Africa
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
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Odontapsis sp.
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Globothalamea
- Rotaliida
- Anomalinidae
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Anomalina sp.
d'Orbigny 1826
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Lituolida
- Lituolidae
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Textularia cf. gramen
dOrbigny 1846
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Tubothalamea
- Miliolida
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Miliolina cf. circularis
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Eponididae
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Pulvinulina sp.
Carpenter et al. 1862
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Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Volutidae
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Voluta africana
Adegoke 1977
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Bivalvia
- Arcida
- Glycymerididae
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Glycymeris pilosa
(Linnaeus 1767)
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Bivalvia
- Ostreida
- Malleidae
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Melina cf. gaudichaudi
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spelled with current rank as Isognomon (Melina) | |||||||
Bivalvia
- Ostreida
- Ostreidae
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Ostrea atherstonei
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Rhynchonellata
- Terebratulida
- Kraussinidae
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? Kraussina sp.
Davidson 1859
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unclassified
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Bryozoa indet.
Ehrenberg 1831
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Thecostraca
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Cirripedia indet.
Rafinesque 1816
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Chondrichthyes
- Odontaspidida
- Isuridae
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Oxyrhina sp.
Agassiz 1838
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Chondrichthyes
- Lamniformes
- Lamnidae
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Carcharodon sp.
Smith 1838
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see common names |
Geography
Country: | South Africa |
Coordinates: | 33.0° South, 27.6° East (view map) |
Paleocoordinates: | 33.1° South, 27.1° East |
Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark |
Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
Period: | Neogene | Epoch: | Pliocene |
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 | ||
Key time interval: | Pliocene | ||
Age range of interval: | 5.33300 - 2.58800 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Formation: | Alexandria | ||||
Stratigraphic resolution: | group of beds | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From Alexandria Formation, which unconformably overlies Late Cretaceous Sundays River Fm in places, and is overlain by eolian calcarenites. AGE: Much discussed, although not clearly in text, to range from Miocene to Pleistocene, but also possible Eocene (see Haughton pers. comm., cited in text). Assigned here to a Pliocene age, based on more recent publications (King, 1972). STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: From unknown position within formation. |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | very coarse,shelly/skeletal poorly lithified calcareous "limestone" |
Secondary lithology: | very coarse,shelly/skeletal lithified calcareous sandstone |
Includes fossils? | Y |
Includes fossils? | Y |
Lithology description: SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Compact, gritty limestones and calcareous sandstones containing abundant, mainly fragmented shells. LITHIFICATION: Poorly lithified, based on facies description, which is distinguished from "ccompact crystalline" and "porous, loosely-cemented" adjacent descriptions. | |
Environment: | coastal indet. |
Geology comments: ENVIRONMENT: Shallow marine, probably siliciclastic (calcareous, and high in bioclastic material) facies. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Fragmentation: | frequent |
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods: | field collection |
Reason for describing collection: | general faunal/floral analysis |
Collection method comments: COLLECTOR: Unknown collector. REPOSITORY: Unknown repository. | |
Taxonomic list comments:COVERAGE: Exhaustive for gastropoda and bivalvia, and also mentioning foraminifera, brachiopoda, bryozoa, crustacea, and sharks. NOMENCLATURE: Not an authoritative publication, and with relatively antiquated nomenclature, commonly not assigned to species resolution. |
Metadata
Database number: | 77479 | ||
Authorizer: | A. Hendy | Enterer: | A. Hendy |
Modifier: | A. Hendy | Research group: | marine invertebrate |
Created: | 2008-01-13 16:55:47 | Last modified: | 2013-11-25 13:37:23 |
Access level: | authorizer only | Released: | 2009-01-13 16:55:47 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
26226. | A. Ruddock. 1966. The Tertiary limestone of the southern coastal regions of Cape Province, South Africa. Sedimentary Basins of the African Coasts 49-62 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy] |