Pampa Castillo: Burdigalian, Chile

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia - Cingulata - Propalaehoplophoridae
Propalaeohoplophorus sp. (Ameghino 1887)
original and current combination Propalaehoplophorus
Mammalia - Cingulata - Chlamyphoridae
Proeutatus sp. Ameghino 1891
Prozaedius sp. Ameghino 1891
corrected as Prozaedyus
Mammalia - Megalonychidae
Hapalops sp. Ameghino 1887
Mammalia - Panameriungulata - Proterotheriidae
Proterotheriidae indet. Ameghino 1887
McGrath et al. 2020
SGOPV 2220, 2416
Picturotherium sp. Kramarz and Bond 2005
McGrath et al. 2020
SGOPV 2158
Proterotherium sp. Ameghino 1883
cf. Thoatherium sp. Ameghino 1887
McGrath et al. 2020
SGOPV 2167
Thoatherium cf. minusculum Ameghino 1887
McGrath et al. 2020
SGOPV multiple specimens
Mammalia - Panameriungulata - Macraucheniidae
Theosodon sp. Ameghino 1887
McGrath et al. 2020
SGOPV 2064
Theosodon cf. gracilis Ameghino 1891
Mammalia - Rodentia - Neoepiblemidae
Perimys informal n. sp.
McGrath et al. 2022
Fossil Horizon E-0 (SGOPV 2285, 2401, 2650), Fossil Horizon E-2 (SGOPV 2267, 2686), Fossil Horizon 4 (SGOPV 2646, 2647, 2648, 2649, 2684), and Fossil Horizon 7 (SGOPV 2431, 2679)
Perimys erutus Ameghino 1887
McGrath et al. 2022
Fossil Horizon E-0 (SGOPV 2386, 2618, 2627, 2628, 2631, 2632, 2633, 2634, 2635, 2636, 2637, 2638, 2639, 2640, 2672, 2722), Fossil Horizon 1A (SGOPV 2361), Fossil Horizon E-2 (SGOPV 2616), Fossil Horizon 4 (SGOPV 2617, 2617, 2621, 2623, 2624, 2625, 2629, 2630), Fossil Horizon 7 (SGOPV 2641, 2642, 2643, 2644), “Glyptodont Glen” (SGOPV 2294, 2620, 2626), and unknown Fossil Horizon (SGOPV 2391, 2622)
Perimys procerus Ameghino 1889
synonym of Perimys erutus
Perimys scalaris Ameghino 1891
synonym of Perimys erutus
Perimys intermedius Kramarz 2002
McGrath et al. 2022
Fossil Horizon E-0 (SGOPV 2299), Fossil Horizon 4 (SGOPV 2651, 2652, 2653), Fossil Horizon 4abc (SGOPV 2281), and Fossil Horizon 7 (SGOPV 2645, 2654)
Perimys impactus Ameghino 1894
Perimys onustus Ameghino 1887
Fossil Horizon E-0 (SGOPV 2421, 2673) Fossil Horizon E-2 (SGOPV 2101, 2675), Fossil Horizon 2 (SGOPV 2014), Fossil Horizon 3 (SGOPV 2030), Fossil Horizon 4 (SGOPV 2045, 2056, 2060, 2273, 2661, 2662, 2663, 2664, 2671, 2674, 2681, 2682), Fossil Horizon 5 (SGOPV 2080, 2665, 2687), Fossil Horizon 6-7 (SGOPV 2655, 2656, 2657, 2658, 2659, 2660), Fossil Horizon 7 (SGOPV 2121, 2378, 2666, 2667, 2668, 2669, 2670, 2677, 2678, 2680), “Glyptodont Glen” (SGOPV 2676), and unknown Fossil Horizon (SGOPV 2683)
Perimys perpinguis Ameghino 1891
Mammalia - Rodentia - Dinomyidae
Scleromys sp. Ameghino 1887
Scleromys sp. Ameghino 1887
McGrath et al. 2022
Fossil Horizon 4: SGOPV 2704, right lower molar
Scleromys quadrangulatus Kramarz 2006
McGrath et al. 2022
Fossil Horizon 4 (SGOPV 2699, 2700, 2702, 2703) and unknown Fossil Horizon (SGOPV 2701),
Mammalia - Rodentia - Chinchillidae
Prolagostomus pusilus
Prolagostomus notatus
Prolagostomus profluens Ameghino 1887
Prolagostomus pusillus Ameghino 1887
McGrath et al. 2022
Fossil Horizon E-2 (SGOPV 2612), Fossil Horizon 4 (SGOPV 2613), Fossil Horizon 6-7 (SGOPV 2427, 2607, 2608, 2609, 2610, 2611), and Fossil Horizon 7 (SGOPV 2599, 2600, 2601, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2605, 2606, 2614, 2615)
Prolagostomus divisus Ameghino 1887
Mammalia - Rodentia
Stichomys ? sp. Ameghino 1887
Caviocricetus guenekko n. sp. McGrath et al. 2023
McGrath et al. 2023
Fossil Horizon E-0 W. Holotype: SGOPV 2194, maxillary fragment bearing right DP4-M1
Acarechimys cf. minutus Patterson and Pascual 1967
    = Acarechimys cf. minutissimus Ameghino 1887
McGrath et al. 2023
SGOPV 2191
Acarechimys sp. Patterson 1965
said to be new
    = Acarechimys minutus Patterson and Pascual 1967
McGrath et al. 2023
Fossil Horizon 7 (SGOPV 2131, 2136) and Bangles Quarry (SGOPV 2367)
Spaniomys riparius Ameghino 1887
Mammalia - Rodentia - Echimyidae
Prostichomys informal n. sp.
McGrath et al. 2023
sp. nov. (unnamed). Fossil Horizon E-0 E. SGOPV 2706, left m1 or 2
Mammalia - Rodentia - Abrocomidae
Acarechimys constans (Ameghino 1887)
McGrath et al. 2023
recombined as Ameghinomys constans
Fossil Horizon E-0 W (SGOPV 2198, 2199, 2707), Fossil Horizon 7 (SGOPV 2135, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2143, 2705) and Bangles Quarry (SGOPV 2362)
Mammalia - Rodentia - Octodontidae
Sciamys principalis Ameghino 1887
Mammalia - Rodentia
Dudumus berggreni n. sp. McGrath et al. 2023
McGrath et al. 2023
Fossil Horizon 7. Holotype: SGOPV 2140, maxillary fragment bearing left M1–2
Eosteiromys cf. annectens (Ameghino 1901)
McGrath et al. 2022
Fossil Horizon E-0 (SGOPV 2157, 2688) and unknown level (SGOPV 2752)
Steiromys sp. Ameghino 1887
said to be new
Steiromys sp. Ameghino 1887
McGrath et al. 2022
Fossil Horizon E-0 (SGOPV 2689) and Fossil Horizon 7 (SGOPV 2190)
Steiromys duplicatus Ameghino 1887
cf. Eocardia sp. Ameghino 1887
McGrath et al. 2022
Fossil Horizon 7: SGOPV 2695, partial left m2 and left m3 in mandibular fragment
Eocardia perforata Ameghino 1887
synonym of Eocardia robusta
cf. Eocardia excavata Ameghino 1891
McGrath et al. 2022
Fossil Horizon 7: SGOPV 2133, left M1–2; SGOPV 2690, left m1–2; SGOPV 2692, right M3; SGOPV 2693, left M1 or 2; SGOPV 2694, right M2; and SGOPV 2696, right M1
Mammalia - Rodentia - Eocardiidae
Schistomys erro Ameghino 1887
Mammalia - Rodentia
Luantus sp. Ameghino 1899
McGrath et al. 2022
Fossil Horizon 4, SGOPV 2698, partial left p4
Luantus minor Pérez et al. 2010
McGrath et al. 2022
Fossil Horizon 4 (SGOPV 2691, 2697) and Fossil Horizon 7 (SGOPV 2134); Galera Formation, Pampa Castillo, Chile.
Neoreomys australis Ameghino 1887
Fossil horizons E-0, E-2, 4, 5, 7, and 8,
Mammalia - Astrapotheria - Astrapotheriidae
Astrapotherium sp. Burmeister 1879
Mammalia - Notoungulata - Homalodotheriidae
Homalodotherium sp. Huxley 1870
Mammalia - Notoungulata - Toxodontidae
Adinotherium sp. Ameghino 1887
Nesodon sp. Owen 1846
Mammalia - Notoungulata
Hegetotherium sp. Ameghino 1887
Mammalia - Notoungulata - Interatheriidae
Protypotherium sp. Ameghino 1882
Mammalia - Paucituberculata - Palaeothentidae
Palaeothentes smeti n. sp. Flynn et al. 2002
Palaeothentes pascuali Bown and Fleagle 1993
Palaeothentes minutus Ameghino 1887
Palaeothentes intermedius Ameghino 1887
Mammalia - Sparassodonta
Cladosictis sp. Ameghino 1887
see common names

Geography
Country:Chile State/province:Aisén
Coordinates: 46.9° South, 72.3° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:47.7° South, 66.6° West
Basis of coordinate:estimated from map
Altitude:1349 meters
Geographic resolution:local area
Time
Period:Neogene Epoch:Miocene
Stage:Burdigalian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 5
Key time interval:Burdigalian Mammal zone: Santacrucian
Age range of interval:20.44000 - 15.98000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Formation:Galera
Stratigraphic resolution:formation
Stratigraphy comments: "a thick stratigraphic sequence, locally exposed as a prominent butte... approximately 300 m. thick sequence"; unit is "an unnamed formation, possibly equivalent to the Río Zeballos Formation"; mammals are from "Nine major mammal-bearing horizons... though the sequence is fossiliferous throughout"; much material is from "the rich quarry sites at the base of the terrestrial section (level E-O)"
McGrath et al 2020: The mammal-bearing beds have been variably Buenos Aires) and Lago Cochrane (¼ Lago Pueyrred?on; assigned to the R?ıo Zeballos (R. H. Niemeyer 1975), Santa Cruz (de la Cruz et al. 2004), Galera (J. Niemeyer et al. 1984), or Pampa Castillo (Scalabrino 2009) formations (see discussion in Flynn et al. [2002] and Folguera et al. [2018]). Pending formal naming, designation of a type section, and a published descrip- tion of the Pampa Castillo formation, we continue to refer these beds to the Galera Formation, consistent with previous work (Flynn et al. 2002). The sequence has been correlated stratigraphically and temporally to the Santa Cruz Formation in Argentina (J. Niemeyer et al. 1984; Flynn et al. 2002). Folguera et al. (2018) recently provided a U/Pb date of 18.7 ± 0.3 Ma for zir- cons from a reworked tuff about 10 m above the contact between the terrestrial fossil-bearing unit and the grada- tionally and conformably underlying marine Guadal Formation at Meseta Guadal. A U/Pb age of ?18Ma from a tuff within the fossil-bearing unit (Su?arez et al. 2015) is consistent with the known age range of the Santacrucian SALMA and Santa Cruz Formation depos- its and faunas (Flynn & Swisher 1995; Croft et al. 2004; Cuiti~no et al. 2016; and discussion below). No litopterns have been reported from the Galera Formation (Bostelmann & Buldrini 2012). The Pampa Castillo at Pampa Guadal, ?20km north-west of Pampa Castillo fauna is referred to the Santacrucian SALMA, although only the rodents (Dodson 1994; Chick et al. 2010) and palaeothentids (Flynn et al. 2002) have been described comprehensively. This study represents the first detailed assessment of the fauna’s SANUs.
McGrath et al. 2022: Geochronological age estimates suggest that Pampa Castillo is also closer temporally to “Pinturan” faunas than either is to core Santacrucian faunas. Folguera et al. (2018) reported a U/Pb date of 18.7 +/-0.3 Ma from a reworked tuff directly below strata bearing the Pampa Castillo fauna. “Pinturan” faunas of the lmPF and Upper Fossil Zone at Gran Barranca are ~19.0–17.9 Ma (Perkins et al., 2012; Dunn et al., 2013), whereas core Santacrucian faunas are ~17.5–15.6 Ma (Cuitiño et al., 2016; Trayler et al., 2020).
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: sandstone
Secondary lithology: siltstone
Lithology description: "northward-dipping fluvial siltstones and sandstones with minor claystones and conglomerates"
Environment:fluvial indet.
Geology comments: The fossil rodents of Pampa Castillo are indicative of a forested paleoenvironment with some open areas.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:surface (float),field collection
Reason for describing collection:biostratigraphic analysis
Metadata
Database number:71843
Authorizer:J. Alroy, J. Carrillo, P. Mannion Enterer:J. Alroy, G. Varnham, K. Pino, M. Kouvari
Modifier:G. Varnham Research group:vertebrate
Created:2007-05-14 11:10:40 Last modified:2022-05-19 04:02:23
Access level:the public Released:2007-05-14 11:10:40
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
24282. J. J. Flynn, M. J. Novacek, H. E. Dodson, D. Frassinetti, M. C. McKenna, M. A. Norell, K. E. Sears, C. C. Swisher, III, and A. R. Wyss. 2002. A new fossil mammal assemblage from the southern Chilean Andes: implications for geology, geochronology, and tectonics. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 15(3):285-302 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]

Secondary references:

81711 A. J. McGrath, J. Chick, D. A. Croft, H. E. Dodson, J. J. Flynn and A. R. Wyss. 2022. Cavioids, Chinchilloids, and Erethizontoids (Hystricognathi, Rodentia, Mammalia) of the Early Miocene Pampa Castillo Fauna, Chile. American Museum Novitates (3984)1-46 [P. Mannion/G. Varnham]
72447 A. J. McGrath, J. J. Flynn, and A. R. Wyss. 2020. Proterotheriids and macraucheniids (Litopterna: Mammalia) from the Pampa Castillo Fauna, Chile (early Miocene, Santacrucian SALMA) and a new phylogeny of Proterotheriidae. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18(9):717-738 [P. Mannion/M. Kouvari]
85330 A. J. McGrath, J. J. Flynn, D. A. Croft, J. Chick, H. E. Dodson and A. R. Wyss. 2023. Caviomorphs (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from Pampa Castillo, Chile: new octodontoid records and biochronological implications. Papers in Palaeontology 9:e1477:1-32 [J. Carrillo/K. Pino/P. Mannion]