Buluk: Early/Lower Miocene, Kenya
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Angiospermae
- Magnoliales
- Annonaceae
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cf. Anonaspermum sp. seed/fruit
Ball 1931
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
"similar to" this genus | ||||||||||
Actinopteri
- Siluriformes
- Clariidae
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Clariidae indet.
Bonaparte 1846
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Dipnomorpha
- Lepidosirenidae
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Protopterus sp.
Agassiz 1843
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Trionychidae
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Trionychidae indet.
Gray 1825
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Pelomedusidae
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Pelomedusidae indet.
Cope 1868
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Reptilia
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Crocodylus cf. niloticus
Laurenti 1768
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Tomistoma sp.
Müller 1846
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Gomphotheriidae
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Gomphotheriidae indet.
Hay 1922
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
said to be a new genus | ||||||||||
Platybelodon kisumensis
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= Gomphotherium cf. angustidens
Burmeister 1837
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Deinotheriidae
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Prodeinotherium hobleyi
(Andrews 1911)
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Mammalia
- Hyracoidea
- Titanohyracidae
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Megalohyrax championi
(Arambourg 1933)
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recombined as Afrohyrax championi | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
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Rodentia indet.
Bowdich 1821
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Primates
- Victoriapithecidae
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Prohylobates sp.
Fourtau 1918
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
= Noropithecus bulukensis
Miller et al. 2009
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Miller et al. 2009 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Primates
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Sivapithecus sp.
Pilgrim 1910
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
= Hominoidea indet.
Gray 1825
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Leakey and Leakey 1986 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Primates
- Hominidae
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cf. Kenyapithecus walkeri
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Primates
- Dendropithecidae
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cf. Micropithecus clarki
Fleagle and Simons 1978
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Creodonta
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Creodonta indet.
(Cope 1875)
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= Hyainailouros nyanzae
Savage 1965
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Amphicyonidae
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Amphicyoninae indet.
Trouessart 1885
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
"very large" | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Suidae
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Listriodon sp.
von Meyer 1846
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= Lopholistriodon cf. moruoroti
Wilkinson 1976
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Libycochoerus massai
Arambourg 1961
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Anthracotheriidae
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Hyoboops sp.
Trouessart 1905
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
synonym of Sivameryx | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Giraffidae
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Canthumeryx cf. sirtensis
Hamilton 1973
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Mammalia
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Diamantohyus africanus
Stromer 1926
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Tragulidae
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Dorcatherium pigotti
Whitworth 1958
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Dorcatherium chappuisi
Arambourg 1933
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Dicerorhinus sp.
Gloger 1841
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= Dicerorhinus leakeyi
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Chilotheridium pattersoni
Hooijer 1971
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
Aceratherium acutirostratum
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Leakey and Walker 1985 | |||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | Kenya |
Coordinates: | 4.3° North, 36.6° East (view map) |
Paleocoordinates: | 3.0° North, 34.1° East |
Basis of coordinate: | stated in text |
Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
Period: | Neogene | Epoch: | Miocene |
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 5 | ||
Key time interval: | Early/Lower Miocene | ||
Age range of interval: | 23.03000 - 15.98000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Formation: | Bakate | Member: | Buluk | ||
Stratigraphic resolution: | group of beds | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: "K/Ar dates on a basalt just above the fossiliferous sediments show that the fossils are older than 17.2 Myr" (Leakey and Walker 1985); fossils are from about 15 m within the ~50 m thick Buluk Member according to McDougall and Watkins 1985, who report a series of dates, of which one of 17.2 +/- 0.2 Ma for an immediately overlying basalt is favored |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | claystone |
Secondary lithology: | coarse sandstone |
Includes fossils? | Y |
Lithology description: "coarse silt" (Harris and Watkins 1974) or "claystones with coarse sandstone and conglomerate channel fills" (Leakey and Walker 1985) | |
Environment: | coarse channel fill |
Geology comments: "fossils are found almost exclusively in the channel deposits and are often associated with silicified wood" |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods: | field collection |
Reason for describing collection: | general faunal/floral analysis |
Collection method comments: includes significant new collections made in 1983 and not previously reported |
Metadata
Database number: | 70808 | ||
Authorizer: | J. Alroy, C. Jaramillo | Enterer: | J. Alroy, C. Jaramillo |
Modifier: | J. Alroy | Research group: | vertebrate |
Created: | 2007-04-08 18:13:10 | Last modified: | 2007-04-08 21:54:40 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2007-04-08 18:13:10 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
23747. | J. M. Harris and R. Watkins. 1974. New early Miocene vertebrate locality near Lake Rudolf, Kenya. Nature 252:576-577 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy] |
Secondary references:
10163 | ETE | R. E. Leakey and M. G. Leakey. 1986. A new Miocene hominoid from Kenya. Nature 324(13):143-146 [A. Behrensmeyer/V. Egerton/V. Egerton] |
23745 | R. E. F. Leakey and A. Walker. 1985. New higher primates from the early Miocene of Buluk, Kenya. Nature 318:173-175 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
23746 | I. McDougall and R. T. Watkins. 1985. Age of hominoid-bearing sequence at Buluk, northern Kenya. Nature 318:375-378 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
38826 | E. R. Miller, B. R. Benefit, M. L. McCrossin, J. M. Plavcan, M. G. Leakey, A. N. El-Barkooky, M. A. Hamdan, M. K. Abdel Gawad, S. M. Hassan and E. L. Simons. 2009. Systematics of early and middle Miocene Old World monkeys. Journal of Human Evolution 57:195-211 [C. Jaramillo/C. Jaramillo/P. Wagner] |