Frauenweiler: Rupelian, Germany
collected by Charles Knopf 2009

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Lanternitus minutus
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Oligopleuronectes germanicus
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Musculopedunculus micklichi
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Gemphylidae indet.
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
sp. a-d
Leiognathoides cf. altapinna
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Reproca sabbai
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Trilidae indet.
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Frauenweilerstomus synarchus
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Microphis sp.
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Weissobatis micklichi
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Cribocentrum coenurum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Cylicargolithus floridanus
Maxwell et al. 2016
Chriopteridium galea
Maxwell et al. 2016
Cordospheridium cantharellum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Criboperidinium tenuitabulatum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Histiocycta sp.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Impletoshaeridium sp.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Paleocystodinium sp.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Wetzelliella gochtii
Maxwell et al. 2016
Wetzelliella symmetrica
Maxwell et al. 2016
Wetzelliella sp.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Bulimna sp.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Globigeria bulloides
Maxwell et al. 2016
Turillina alsatica
Maxwell et al. 2016
Phycophyta indet.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Tetraclinis salicornioides
Maxwell et al. 2016
? Calamoideae indet.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis
Maxwell et al. 2016
Trachelospermum sp.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Trachelospermum steiningeri
Maxwell et al. 2016
Pungiphyllum cruciatum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Cirrepedia indet.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Pentatomorpha indet.
Maxwell et al. 2016
cf. Bupestridae indet.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Oechsleria unterfeldensis n. gen., n. sp.
Micklich and Bannikov 2023
Oligopleuronectes weissi
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Oligoscophthalmus weissi
Maxwell et al. 2016
Microcanthus sp.
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = cf. Microcanthus sp.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Oligosphenopsis gracillis
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Oligospenopsis cf. gracilis
Maxwell et al. 2016
Coccolithophyceae - Goniolithaceae
Goniolithus fluckigeri Deflandre 1957
Maxwell et al. 2016
Coccolithophyceae - Braarudosphaeraceae
Braarudosphaera bigelowii (Gran and Braarud 1935)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Coccolithophyceae
Pontosphaera desueta
Maxwell et al. 2016
Pontosphaera sp. Lohmann 1961
Maxwell et al. 2016
Pontosphaera multipora Roth 1970
Maxwell et al. 2016
Coccolithus crassipons
Maxwell et al. 2016
Coccolithus spp.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Cyclococcolithus spp.
Maxwell et al. 2016
synonym of Coccolithus
Coccolithus pelagicus (Wallich 1877)
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Markalius inversus (Deflandre 1954)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Cruciplacolithus sp. Hay and Mohler 1927
Maxwell et al. 2016
Zygrahablithus bijugatus
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Zygrhablithus bijugatus Deflandre and Fert 1954
Maxwell et al. 2016
original and current combination Zygolithus bijugatus
Sphenolithus moriformis (Bronnimann and Stradner 1960)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Coccolithophyceae - Podorhabdales - Biscutaceae
Biscutum constans (Górka 1957)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Coccolithophyceae - Watznaueriales - Watznaueriaceae
Cyclagelosphaera margerelii Noël 1965
Maxwell et al. 2016
Coccolithophyceae
Ilselithina fusa
Maxwell et al. 2016
Transversopontis obliquipons
Maxwell et al. 2016
Transversopontis pygmaea
Maxwell et al. 2016
unclassified
Reticulofenestra scissura
Maxwell et al. 2016
Reticulofenestra sp. Hay et al. 1966
Maxwell et al. 2016
Reticulofenestra dictyoda Stradner 1968
Maxwell et al. 2016
Reticulofenestra minuta Roth 1970
Maxwell et al. 2016
Reticulofenestra cf. daviesii Haq 1971
Maxwell et al. 2016
Foraminifera indet. (Eichwald 1830)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Buliminidae
Fissurina sp. Reuss 1850
Maxwell et al. 2016
Nodosariata - Nodosariida - Nodosariidae
Lagena sp. Walker and Boys 1784
Maxwell et al. 2016
Dentalina sp. d'Orbigny 1826
Maxwell et al. 2016
Frondicularia sp. Defrance 1824
Maxwell et al. 2016
Nodosariata - Nodosariida - Stilostomellidae
Stilostomella ewaldi
Maxwell et al. 2016
Nodosariata - Vaginulinida - Vaginulinidae
Lenticulina sp. Lamarck 1804
Maxwell et al. 2016
Nodosariata - Polymorphinida - Polymorphinidae
Globulina gibba d'Orbigny 1832
Maxwell et al. 2016
Globothalamea - Rotaliida - Discorbidae
Rosalina sp. d'Orbigny 1826
Maxwell et al. 2016
Globothalamea - Rotaliida - Cibicididae
Lobatula lobatula Walker and Jacob 1798
Maxwell et al. 2016
Globothalamea - Rotaliida - Nonionidae
Melonis affine
Maxwell et al. 2016
Globothalamea - Rotaliida - Gavelinellidae
Gyroidina soldanii
Maxwell et al. 2016
Lituolida - Lituolidae
Cyclammina placenta
Maxwell et al. 2016
Bathysiphonidae
Bathysiphon taurinesis
Maxwell et al. 2016
Uvigerinidae
Uvigerina sp. d'Orbigny 1826
Maxwell et al. 2016
Bolivinidae
Bolivina beyrichi
Maxwell et al. 2016
unclassified
Plantae indet. Haeckel 1866
Monninger and Frey 2008
Craigia bronnii
Maxwell et al. 2016
Pteridopsida
Filicopsida indet. Pfefferkorn 1976
Maxwell et al. 2016
synonym of Pteridopsida
Polypodiopsida - Schizaeales - Lygodiaceae
Lygodium kaulfussii (Heer)
Maxwell et al. 2016
corrected as Lygodium kaulfussi
Cycadopsida - Cycadales - Zamiaceae
Ceratozamia floersheimensis Kvacek 2002
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Malpighiales - Salicaceae
Populus germanica
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Fabales - Fabaceae
? Leguminocarpon sp. Göppert 1855
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Oxalidales - Elaeocarpaceae
Sloanea artocarpites
Maxwell et al. 2016
Sloanea olmediaefolia
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Fagales - Myricaceae
Myrica longifolia
Maxwell et al. 2016
Myrica sp. Linnaeus 1753
Maxwell et al. 2016
Myrica cf. lignitum (Unger 1850)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Comptonia difformis
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Fagales - Betulaceae
Betula dryadum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Fagales - Juglandaceae
Carya fragiliformis
Maxwell et al. 2016
Carya quadrangula
Maxwell et al. 2016
Engelhardia orsbergensis
Maxwell et al. 2016
Engelhardia macroptera
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Rosales - Rhamnaceae
? Berchemia sp. Necker and de Candolle 1825
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Parietales - Ternstroemiaceae
? Ternstroemites sp. Berry 1916
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Ericales - Symplocaceae
Symplocos volkeri
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Buxales - Buxaceae
? Buxus egeriana Kvaček and Bužek 1982
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Lamiales - Oleaceae
Oleinites sp. Cookson 1947
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Santalales - Loranthaceae
? Viscophyllum sp. Knoll 1904
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Saxifragales - Saxifragaceae
Hydrangea microcalyx
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Saxifragales - Hamamelidaceae
Distylium sp. Siebold and Zuccarini 1841
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Proteales - Platanaceae
Platanus neptuni Buzek et al. 1967
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Arecaceae
Arecaceae indet. von Berchtold and Presl 1820
Maxwell et al. 2016
Palmacites lamanonis Brongniart 1822
Maxwell et al. 2016
Phoenicites sp. Brongniart 1828
Maxwell et al. 2016
Sabalites major
Maxwell et al. 2016
Angiospermae - Laurales - Lauraceae
Daphnogene cinnamomifolia
Maxwell et al. 2016
Laurus abchasica
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinodaphne pseudogermari
Maxwell et al. 2016
Laurophyllum kinkelinii
Maxwell et al. 2016
Laurophyllum cf. kinkelinii
Maxwell et al. 2016
var. glabrum
Laurophyllum pseudoprinceps
Maxwell et al. 2016
Laurophyllum sp. Göppert 1853
Maxwell et al. 2016
Coniferales - Cupressaceae
Taxodium sp. Richard 1810
Maxwell et al. 2016
Sequoia abietina
Maxwell et al. 2016
Pinopsida - Pinales - Pinaceae
Pinus engelhardtii
Maxwell et al. 2016
Magnoliopsida
Dicotylophyllum sp. Saporta 1894
Maxwell et al. 2016
Hepaticae
Thallites multifidus
Maxwell et al. 2016
Gastropoda - Epitoniidae
? Opalia sp. Adams and Adams 1853
Maxwell et al. 2016
Gastropoda - Batillariidae
Granulolabium ? plicatum (Bruguiére 1792)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Gastropoda - Aporrhaidae
Drepanocheilus cf. speciosus
Maxwell et al. 2016
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda
Neogastropoda indet. Thiele 1929
Maxwell et al. 2016
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae
Streptochetus sp. Cossmann 1901
Maxwell et al. 2016
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Muricopsis sp. Bucquoy et al. 1882
Maxwell et al. 2016
Gastropoda - Cassidae
Galeodea depressa Buch 1831
Maxwell et al. 2016
Gastropoda - Naticidae
Euspira cf. micromphalus
Maxwell et al. 2016
Bivalvia - Arcida - Glycymerididae
Glycymeris sp. Da Costa 1778
Maxwell et al. 2016
Bivalvia - Ostreida - Malleidae
Isognomon sp. Lightfoot 1786
Maxwell et al. 2016
Bivalvia - Lucinida - Thyasiridae
Thyasira benedeni
Maxwell et al. 2016
Bivalvia - Pholadomyida - Pholadomyidae
Pholadomya ? weissi
Maxwell et al. 2016
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Chamidae
Chama weinheimensis
Maxwell et al. 2016
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Cardiidae
Laevicardium tenuisulcatum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Tellinidae
? Arcopagia sp. Leach 1827
Maxwell et al. 2016
Bivalvia - Hiatellida - Hiatellidae
? Panopea sp. (Menard 1807)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Bivalvia - Nuculida - Nuculidae
Nucula duchasteli
Maxwell et al. 2016
Bivalvia - Nuculanida - Sareptidae
Portlandia deshayesiana
Maxwell et al. 2016
Insecta
Insecta indet. Linnaeus 1758
Monninger and Frey 2008
Insecta - Orthoptera
cf. Orthoptera indet. Olivier 1789
Maxwell et al. 2016
Insecta - Hemiptera
Auchenorrhyncha indet. (Duméril 1805)
Maxwell et al. 2016
original and current combination Auchenorinques
Insecta - Hemiptera - Pentatomidae
Pentatomidae indet. Leach 1815
Maxwell et al. 2016
Insecta - Hymenoptera
cf. Hymenoptera indet. Linnaeus 1758
Maxwell et al. 2016
Insecta - Lepidoptera - Geometridae
cf. Geometridae indet. Leach 1815
Maxwell et al. 2016
Insecta - Coleoptera - Carabidae
Carabidae indet. (Latreille 1802)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Insecta - Coleoptera - Cerambycidae
Cerambycidae indet. (Latreille 1802)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Cerambicini
Insecta - Coleoptera - Curculionidae
Curculionidae indet. (Latreille 1802)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Curculionites
Insecta - Coleoptera
Elateroidea indet. Leach 1815
Maxwell et al. 2016
cf. Elateridae or Bupestridae
Insecta - Coleoptera - Staphylinidae
cf. Staphylinidae indet. (Latreille 1802)
Maxwell et al. 2016
original and current combination Staphyliniae
Insecta - Odonata - Calopterygidae
Calopterygidae indet. Selys-Longchamps 1850
Maxwell et al. 2016
Insecta - Diptera
cf. Diptera indet. Linnaeus 1758
Maxwell et al. 2016
mostly Bibionidae
Arachnida - Scorpiones
cf. Scorpiones indet. Latreille 1817
Maxwell et al. 2016
Arachnida - Araneae
cf. Araneae indet. Clerck 1757
Maxwell et al. 2016
Malacostraca - Decapoda - Callianassidae
Callianassidae indet. Dana 1852
Maxwell et al. 2016
Malacostraca - Decapoda - Nephropidae
Hoploparia klebsi Noetling 1885
Maxwell et al. 2016
Malacostraca - Decapoda - Mathildellidae
Coeloma taunicum Von Meyer 1862
Maxwell et al. 2016
Thecostraca - Balanomorpha - Chelonibiidae
Protochelonibia sp. Harzhauser and Newman 2011
Maxwell et al. 2016
Protochelonibia melleni
Collareta et al. 2022
Thecostraca - Pedunculata
Pedunculata indet. Lamarck 1818
Maxwell et al. 2016
Echinoidea - Spatangoida - Schizasteridae
Ova sp. Gray 1825
Maxwell et al. 2016
spelled with current rank as Schizaster (Ova)
Chondrichthyes - Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae
Myliobatis aff. oligocaenus
Maxwell et al. 2016
Chondrichthyes - Squalidae
Squalus alsaticus
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Chondrichthyes - Squalomorphii - Hexanchidae
Notorhynchus primigenius (Agassiz 1835)
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Triakidae
Triakis kelleri
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae
Physogaleus latus
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Odontaspididae
Carcharias cuspidatus (Agassiz 1843)
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
recombined as Araloselachus cuspidatus
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Carchariidae
Carcharias acutissimus (Agassiz 1843)
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Carcharias acutissima Agassiz 1843
Maxwell et al. 2016
recombined as Carcharias acutissimus
Carcharias gustrowensis (Winkler 1875)
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes
Isurolamna gracilis
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Cetorhinidae
Cetorhinus parvus Leriche 1908
Micklich 2011
    = Keasius parvus Leriche 1908
Maxwell et al. 2016
Chondrichthyes - Chimaeriformes - Chimaeridae
Chimaeroidei indet.
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Chimaeridae indet.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Mammalia - Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae
Chiroptera indet. Blumenbach 1779
Monninger and Frey 2008
bats
    = cf. Myotis horaceki
Maxwell et al. 2016
Mammalia - Creodonta
? Carnivora indet. Bowdich 1821
Monninger and Frey 2008
possible carnivore
    = Apterodon rauenbergensis n. sp. Frey et al. 2010
Frey et al. 2010
SMNK PAL 6524 - type
Mammalia - Sirenia
Sirenia indet. (Illiger 1811)
Monninger and Frey 2008
sea cows
Mammalia - Sirenia - Dugongidae
cf. Halitherium schinzii (Kaup 1838)
Micklich 2011
nomen dubium belonging to Dugongidae
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae
cf. Trionyx posterus
Maxwell et al. 2016
subgenus Platypeltis
Reptilia - Testudines - Cheloniidae
Cheloniidae indet. Bonaparte 1832
Collareta et al. 2022 1 specimen
SMNK-PAL 6608, with barnacles of Protochelonibia
Chelonia indet. (Latreille 1800)
Monninger and Frey 2008
sea turtles
    = "Chelonia" gwinneri Wegner 1917
Maxwell et al. 2016
cf. "Chelonia" gwinneri
Chelonia gwinneri n. sp. Wegner 1917
Wegner 1917 1 specimen
Glarichelys sp. Zangerl 1958
Micklich 2011
Reptilia - Charadriiformes - Turnicidae
Turnipax oechslerorum n. sp. Mayr and Knopf 2007
Mayr and Knopf 2007
Reptilia - Caprimulgiformes - Trochilidae
Eurotrochilus inexpectatus n. gen., n. sp. Mayr 2004
Mayr 2004
see also Mayr 2007
Reptilia - Passeriformes
Passeriformes indet. Linnaeus 1758
Mayr and Manegold 2004
SMF specimen
    = Wieslochia weissi n. gen., n. sp. Mayr and Manegold 2006
Mayr and Manegold 2006
SMNK specimen: a second transfer of the same specimen in the SMF was described but not named by Mayr and Manegold 2004
Reptilia - Coraciiformes - Todidae
Palaeotodus cf. itardiensis Mourer-Chauviré 1985
Mayr and Knopf 2007
    = Palaeotodus itardiensis Mourer-Chauviré 1985
Maxwell et al. 2016
Palaeotodus itardiensis Mourer-Chauviré 1985
Micklich 2011
Reptilia - Piciformes
Rupelramphastoides knopfi n. gen., n. sp. Mayr 2005
Mayr 2005
additional specimen described by Mayr 2006
Reptilia - Coliiformes - Coliidae
Oligocolius brevitarsus n. gen., n. sp. Mayr 2000
Reptilia - Trogoniformes - Trogonidae
cf. Primotrogon sp. Mayr 1999
Mayr 2005
Reptilia
Rupelornis cf. definitus van Beneden 1871
Maxwell et al. 2016
nomen dubium belonging to Procellariiformes
Diomedeoides brodkorbi (Cheneval 1995)
Mayr et al. 2002
two SMNK skeletons
    = Rupelornis cf. brodkorbi
Maxwell et al. 2016
nomen dubium belonging to Procellariiformes
Reptilia - Gaviidae
Colymboides metzleri n. sp. Mayr 2004
Mayr 2004
    = ? Colymboides metzleri n. sp. Mayr 2004
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Gasterosteiformes
Nerophis sp. Rafinesque 1810
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Lampriformes - Veliferidae
Veliferidae indet. Bleeker 1859
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Actinopteri - Gadiformes - Phycidae
Protobrotula sp. Danil'chenko 1960
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Actinopteri - Gadiformes - Merlucciidae
Palaeogadus intergerinus Daniltshenko 1947
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Palaeogadus cf. intergerinus Daniltshenko 1947
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Gadiformes - Gadidae
Gadidae indet. Rafinesque 1810
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Actinopteri - Ophidiiformes - Ophidiidae
Ophidiidae indet. Rafinesque 1810
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Lophiiformes - Lophiidae
Lophius sp. Linnaeus 1758
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Lophiidae indet. Cuvier
Maxwell et al. 2016
Lophidae n. g. n. sp.
Actinopteri - Priacanthidae
Pristigenys spinosus (Blainville 1818)
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Priacanthus spinosus Weiler 1938
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Chaetodontidae
Tholichthys sp.
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Chaetodontidae indet.
Maxwell et al. 2016
Chaetodontidae indet.
Micklich et al. 2009
Actinopteri - Perciformes
Perciformes indet. Bleeker 1859
Micklich 2011
Percoidei indet. (Bleeker 1859)
Maxwell et al. 2016
three species (a, b, c)
Serranus sp. Cuvier 1817
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Oliganodon sp. Bannikov 2010
Maxwell et al. 2016
Serranus budensis (Heckel 1856)
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Oliganodon budensis Heckel 1856
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Perciformes - Sparidae
Sparus schopii
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Sparus cf. schopii
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Perciformes - Propercarinidae
Propercarina sp. Pauca 1929
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Actinopteri - Perciformes - Scorpaenidae
cf. Sebastes sp. Cuvier 1829
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Actinopteri - Scombriformes - Scombridae
Scombridae indet. (Rafinesque 1815)
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Scomber sp. Linnaeus 1758
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
or Auxides sp.
Sarda brachycephala
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Auxides cf. cernegurae (Ciobanu 1977)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Scomberomorini indet. (Starks 1910)
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
sp. a & b
Scomberomorus lingulatus
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Neocybium sp. Leriche 1906
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Actinopteri - Scombriformes - Palaeorhynchidae
Palaeorhynchus cf. zitteli (Kramberger 1879)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Palaeorhynchus glarisianus (de Blainville 1818)
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Palaeorhynchus cf. glarisianus de Blainville 1818
Maxwell et al. 2016
recombined as Palaeorhynchus glarisianum
Actinopteri - Scombriformes
cf. Sphyraenodus sp. Agassiz 1839
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Actinopteri - Scombriformes - Stromateidae
Pinichthys pulcher
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Actinopteri - Scombriformes - Gempylidae
Gempylidae indet. Gill 1862
Micklich 2011
Abadzekhia mariae
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Abadzekhia cf. mariae
Maxwell et al. 2016
Abadzekhia cf. tarletskovi Bannikov 2005
Maxwell et al. 2016
cf. Thyrsitoides sp. Fowler 1929
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Scombriformes - Trichiuridae
Anenchelum cf. angustum (Danil'chenko 1980)
Maxwell et al. 2016
Lepidopus sp. Gouan 1770
Maxwell et al. 2016
aff. Trichiurus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Scombriformes - Nomeidae
Rybapina caucasica
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Rybapina cf. caucasica
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Syngnathiformes - Syngnathidae
Syngnathus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Syngnathus incompletus Cosmovici 1887
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Syngnathus cf. incompletus Cosmovici 1887
Maxwell et al. 2016
Doryrhamphus sp. Kaup 1853
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Actinopteri - Syngnathiformes - Centriscidae
Aeoliscus sp. Jordan and Starks 1902
Micklich 2011
    = Aeoliscus distinctus
Maxwell et al. 2016
Aeoliscus distinctus
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Aeoliscus heinrichi (Heckel 1850)
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Actinopteri - Syngnathiformes - Aulostomidae
Aulostomidae indet.
Micklich 2011
Aulostomus medius
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Actinopteri - Beloniformes - Hemiramphidae
Hemiramphus cf. jerzei
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Hemiramphus sp. Cuvier 1817
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Carangiformes - Echeneidae
Echeneidae indet.
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Oligoremora rhenana Micklich et al. 2016
Maxwell et al. 2016
Oligoremora rhenana n. gen., n. sp. Micklich et al. 2016
Micklich et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Carangiformes - Carangidae
Carangidae indet. Rafinesque 1815
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Seriola multiradiata
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Anechelum glarisianum
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Archaeus glarisianus Agassiz 1843
Maxwell et al. 2016
Caranx glarisianus
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Archaeus glarisianus Agassiz 1843
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Pleuronectiformes - Scophthalmidae
Scophthalmidae indet.
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Scophthalmus sp. Rafinesque 1810
Maxwell et al. 2016
Actinopteri - Clupeiformes - Clupeoidei
Clupeidae indet. Cuvier 1817
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
sp. a & b
cf. Sardinella sp. Cuvier and Valenciennes 1847
Micklich 2011
    = "Sardinella" sardinites Heckel 1850
Maxwell et al. 2016
original and current combination Meletta sardinites
Actinopteri - Elopiformes - Elopidae
Elopidae indet. Bonaparte 1846
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Actinopteri - Anguilliformes - Moringuidae
Congridae indet. Kaup 1856
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Deutschenchelys micklichi n. gen., n. sp. Prokofiev 2012
Prokofiev 2012
Actinopteri - Acanthopteri - Sphyraenidae
cf. Sphyraena sp. Artedi 1793
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Actinopteri - Scorpaeniformes - Triglidae
Triglidae indet.
Maxwell et al. 2016
unclassified
Trachinus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
    = Trachinus cf. minutus Jonet 1958
Maxwell et al. 2016
original and current combination Megalolepis minutus
Rhombodinium draco Gocht 1955
Maxwell et al. 2016
Dinophyceae
Samlandia chlamydophora Eisenack 1954
Maxwell et al. 2016
Spiniferites crassivariablis
Maxwell et al. 2016
var. reductus
Spiniferites sp. Mantell 1850
Maxwell et al. 2016
Spiniferites pseudofurcatus Sarjeant 1970
Maxwell et al. 2016
Distatodinium sp. Eaton 1976
Maxwell et al. 2016
Distatodinium paradoxum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Distatodinium biffii
Maxwell et al. 2016
Distatodinium craterum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Distatodinium ellipticum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Chiropteridium sp. Gocht 1960
Maxwell et al. 2016
Chiropteridium lobospinosum Gocht 1960
Maxwell et al. 2016
Apteodinium sp. Eisenack 1958
Maxwell et al. 2016
Dinophyceae - Gonyaulacales - Cladopyxiaceae
Enneadocysta arcuata
Maxwell et al. 2016
Enneadocysta sp. Stover and Williams 1995
Maxwell et al. 2016
arcuata complex
Enneadocysta pectiniformis
Maxwell et al. 2016
Dinophyceae - Gonyaulacales - Areoligeraceae
Glaphyrocysta sp. Gerlach 1961
Maxwell et al. 2016
Areoligera semicirculata
Maxwell et al. 2016
Areoligera sp. Lejeune-Carpentier 1938
Maxwell et al. 2016
Dinophyceae - Gonyaulacales
Batiacasphaera sp. Drugg 1970
Maxwell et al. 2016
Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata Bujak and Matsuoka 1986
Maxwell et al. 2016
Dapsilidinium pseudocolligerum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Dinophyceae - Gonyaulacales - Goniodomaceae
Homotryblium plectilium
Maxwell et al. 2016
Homotryblium tenuispinosum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Homotryblium oceanicum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Dinophyceae - Gonyaulacales - Gonyaulacaceae
Achilleodinium biformoides
Maxwell et al. 2016
Thalassiphora pelagica (Eisenack 1954)
Maxwell et al. 2016
original and current combination Pterospermopsis pelagica
Operculodinium microtriainum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Systematophora placacantha
Maxwell et al. 2016
Cordosphaeridium minimum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Lingulodinium machaerophorum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Achomosphaera alcicornu
Maxwell et al. 2016
Achomosphaera sp. Evitt 1963
Maxwell et al. 2016
Hystrichokolpoma cinctum Klumpp 1953
Maxwell et al. 2016
Hystrichokolpoma rigaudiae Deflandre and Cookson 1955
Maxwell et al. 2016
Dinophyceae - Peridiniales - Peridiniaceae
Phthanoperidinium amoenum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Phthanoperidinium comatum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Phthanoperidinium sp. Drugg and Loeblich 1967
Maxwell et al. 2016
Deflandrea heterophlycta
Maxwell et al. 2016
Deflandrea sp. Eisenack 1938
Maxwell et al. 2016
Deflandrea phosphoritica Eisenack 1938
Maxwell et al. 2016
var. spindosa
Dinophyceae - Peridiniales
Tectatodinium pellitum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Dinophyceae - Peridiniales - Protoperidiniaceae
Lejeunecysta cinctoria Lentin and Williams 1981
Maxwell et al. 2016
unclassified
Pentadinium lacticinctum
Maxwell et al. 2016
Doliostrobaceae
Doliostrobus taxiformis Kvacek 1971
Maxwell et al. 2016
unclassified
Proantigonia sp. Kramberger
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
Capros caprosoides Cosmovici 1887
Micklich and Hildebrandt 2010
recombined as Proantigonia caprosoides
Cystoseiraceae
Cystoseirites communis
Maxwell et al. 2016
see common names

Geography
Country:Germany State/province:Baden-Württemberg County:Rauenberg
Coordinates: 49.5° North, 9.0° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:48.9° North, 5.3° East
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Paleogene Epoch:Oligocene
Stage:Rupelian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 4
Key time interval:Rupelian Mammal zone: MP 22
Age range of interval:33.90000 - 28.10000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy comments: "early Oligocene, Rupelian... MP 22" (Mayr 2007)
fish and bird fossils are from the "Fish Shales," which are "about 10 m thick" and are overlain by an "about 40 m" thick clay interval called the Meletta-Layers (Micklich and Hildebrandt 2005)
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:planar lamination,gray claystone
Lithology description: the "fish shales... mostly consist of laminated, dark-grey argillaceous sediments" with a TOC of 4.0-5.5%, and the overall section consists of "dark-grey or black, compact, marly clay stones, which are very well laminated in certain sections" (Micklich and Hildebrandt 2005)
Environment:estuary/bay
Geology comments: "the sediments of Frauenweiler are marine and were deposited during a transgression caused by rifting activities (Mayr 2000)" and the exact environment probably was "a quiet, shallow and nutritious bay with some kind of shelter from the open sea" and could even have been a "brackwish water influence," but "the presence of larger estuaries or river mouths does not seem very likely" (Micklich and Hildebrandt 2005)
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,adpression
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Articulated whole bodies:some
Associated major elements:some
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes:some genera
Collection methods:selective quarrying
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:SMF,SMNS
Collectors:Charles Knopf Collection dates:2009
Collection method comments: SMF, SMNS, and HLMD collections
most specimens were collected prior to 2009
Taxonomic list comments:"more than 70 elasmobranch and teleostean fish species" are also present (Micklich and Hildebrandt 2005)
Metadata
Also known as:Grube Unterfeld; Bott-Eder clay pit; Rauenberg
Database number:68021
Authorizer:J. Alroy, P. Holroyd, M. Uhen, B. Seuss, E. Vlachos Enterer:J. Alroy, P. Holroyd, M. Uhen, B. Seuss, E. Vlachos
Modifier:M. Uhen Research group:vertebrate
Created:2006-12-24 09:52:28 Last modified:2021-03-16 15:46:37
Access level:the public Released:2006-12-24 09:52:28
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

25150. G. Mayr. 2000. A new mousebird (Coliiformes: Coliidae) from the Oligocene of Germany. Journal of Ornithology 141(1):85-92 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]

Secondary references:

82968 A. Collareta, M. W. Rasser, E. Frey and M. Harzhauser. 2022. Turtle barnacles have been turtle riders for more than 30 million years. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 1-11 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos]
61322 E. Frey, W. Munk, M. Böhme, M. Morlo, and M. Hensel. 2010. First creodont carnivore from the Rupelian Clays (Oligocene) of the Clay Pit Unterfeld at Rauenberg (Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Baden-Württemberg): Apterodon rauenbergensis n.sp. Kaupia 17:103-113 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
60711 E. E. Maxwell, S. Alexander, G. Bechly, K. Eck, E. Frey, K. Grimm, J. Kovar-Eder, G. Mayr, N. Micklich, M. Rasser, A. Roth-Nebelsick, R. B. Salvador, R. R. Schoch, G. Schweigert, W. Stinnesbeck, K. Wolf-Schwenninger, and R. Zeigler. 2016. The Rauenberg fossil Lagerstätte (Baden-Württemberg, Germany): A window into early Oligocene marine and coastal ecosystems of Central Europe. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 463:238-260 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd]
19466 G. Mayr. 2004. Old World fossil record of modern-type hummingbirds. Science 304:861-864 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
25149 G. Mayr. 2004. A partial skeleton of a new fossil loon (Aves, Gaviiformes) from the early Oligocene of Germany with preserved stomach content. Journal of Ornithology 145(4):281-286 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
25154 G. Mayr. 2005. New trogons from the early Tertiary of Germany. Ibis 147(3):512-518 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
25156 G. Mayr. 2005. A tiny barbet-like bird from the Lower Oligocene of Germany: the smallest species and earliest substantial fossil record of the Pici (woodpeckers and allies). The Auk 122(4):1055-1063 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
25153 G. Mayr. 2006. First fossil skull of a Palaeogene representative of the Pici (woodpeckers and allies) and its evolutionary implications. Ibis 148(4):824-827 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
25152 G. Mayr and C. W. Knopf. 2007. A stem lineage representative of buttonquails from the Lower Oligocene of Germany – fossil evidence for a charadriiform origin of the Turnicidae. Ibis [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
35343 G. Mayr and C. W. Knopf. 2007. A tody (Alcediniformes: Todidae) from the early Oligocene of Germany. Auk 124(4):1294-1304 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
35351 G. Mayr and A. Manegold. 2004. The oldest European fossil songbird from the early Oligocene of Germany. Naturwissenschaften 91(4):173-177 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
25158 G. Mayr and A. Manegold. 2006. New specimens of the earliest European passeriform bird. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51(2):315-323 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
35342 G. Mayr and N. Micklich. 2010. New specimens of the avian taxa Eurotrochilus (Trochilidae) and Palaeotodus (Todidae) from the early Oligocene of Germany. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 84(10.1007/s1):387-395 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
28330 G. Mayr, D. S. Peters, and S. Rietschel. 2002. Petrel-like birds with a peculiar foot morphology from the Oligocene of Germany and Belgium (Aves: Procellariiformes). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(3):667-676 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
43412 N. Micklich. 2011. Emergency excavation in the Grube Unterfeld (Frauenweiler) clay pit (Oligocene, Rupelian: Baden-Wurttemberg, S. Germany): New records and palaeoenvironmental information. European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists Program and Abstracts 9:42 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
84874 N. Micklich and A. F. Bannikov. 2023. Oechsleria unterfeldensis, gen. et sp. nov., a sailfin velifer fish (Lampridiformes, Veliferidae) from the Oligocene of the Unterfeld ("Frauenweiler") clay pit. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 97:81-104 [B. Seuss/B. Seuss]
2630 N. Micklich, R. Gregorová, A. F. Bannikov, D.-S. Baciu, I. Gradianu and G. Carnevale. 2016. Oligoremora rhenana n. g. n. sp., a new echeneid fish (Percomorpha, Echeneoidei) from the Oligocene of the Grube Unterfeld (‘‘Frauenweiler’’) clay pit. PalZ 90:561-592 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/P. Wagner]
28348 N. Micklich and L. Hildebrandt. 2005. The Frauenweiler clay pit ("Grube Unterfeld"). Kaupia 14:113-118 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
43440 N. Micklich and L. H. Hildebrandt. 2010. Emergency excavation in the Grube (Unterfeld) Frauenweiler clay pit (Oligocene Rupelian; Baden-Wurttemberg, S Germany): New records and palaeoenvironmental informatino. Kaupia 17:3-21 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/J. Alroy]
62582 N. R. Micklich, J. C. Tyler, and G. D. Johnson, E., Swidnicka and A. F. Bannikov. 2009. First fossil records of the tholichthys larval stage of butterfly fishes (Perciformes, Chaetodontidae), from the Oligocene of Europe. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 83:479-497 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
43041 S. Monninger and E. Frey. 2008. Humming birds and sea cows at the foothills of Kraichgau: A unique fossile assemblage in the Reingraben near Karlsruhe. Meeting of the European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists 6:112 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
64356 A. M. Prokofiev. 2012. Oligocene eel from the Frauenweiler site (Germany). Journal of Ichthyology 52(1):11-18 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd]
64846 T. Wegner. 1917. Chelonia gwinneri Wegner aus dem Rupelton von Flörsheim a. M. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 354:361-372 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]