Pinjor formation, Upper Siwaliks, near Chandigarh: Late/Upper Pliocene, India
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
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Demelops palaeindicus
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3 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 1. | ||||||||||
Potamocypris sp.
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Hemicypris sp.
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Charales
- Feistiellaceae
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Nitellopsis sp.
Hy 1889
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Charales
- Characea
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Chara rantzieni
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Chara surazpurica
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Charales
- Characeae
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Sphaerochara sp.
Mädler 1952
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Hornichara maslovi
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Gastropoda
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Gastropoda indet.
Cuvier 1795
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Ostracoda
- Podocopida
- Candonidae
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Candona sp.
Baird 1845
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Ostracoda
- Podocopida
- Zonocyprididae
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Zonocypris sp.
Müller 1898
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Ostracoda
- Podocopida
- Ilyocyprididae
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Ilyocypris sp.
Brady and Norman 1889
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unclassified
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Crustacea indet.
Brünnich 1772
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invalid subgroup of Pancrustacea | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Muridae
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Muridae indet.
Illiger 1811
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1 specimen | |||||||||
MNI = 1. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Rhinoceros palaeindicus
Falconer and Cautley 1847
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7 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 2. | ||||||||||
Rhinoceros sivalensis
Falconer and Cautley 1847
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9 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 3. | ||||||||||
Coelodonta platyrhinus
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6 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 2. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Equus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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5 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 1. Equus subsp. nov. | ||||||||||
Equus sivalensis
Falconer and Cautley 1849
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66 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 7. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Suidae
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Potamochoerus theobaldi
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1 specimen | |||||||||
MNI = 1. | ||||||||||
Sus sp. n. sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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2 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 1. | ||||||||||
Sus falconeri
Lydekker 1884
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8 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 2. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Camelidae
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Camelus sivalensis
Falconer and Cautley 1836
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7 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 1. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Hippopotamidae
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Hexaprotodon sivalensis
Falconer and Cautley 1836
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5 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 1. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Cervidae
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Cervidae indet.
Gray 1821
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12 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 2. | ||||||||||
Cervus punjabiensis n. sp.
Brown 1926
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Croiter and Robinson 2020 | |||||||||
recombined as Metacervocerus punjabiensis | ||||||||||
Rucervus simplicidens
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2 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 1. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Bovidae indet.
Gray 1821
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95 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 10. | ||||||||||
Antilopini indet.
Gray 1821
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14 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 2. | ||||||||||
Alcelaphini indet.
Brookes 1876
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14 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 3. | ||||||||||
Reduncini indet.
Knottnerus-Meyer 1907
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4 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 1. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Giraffidae
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Sivatherium giganteum
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8 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 1. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Viverridae
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Vishnuictis sp. n. sp.
Pilgrim 1932
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1 specimen | |||||||||
MNI = 1. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Stegodon insignis
Falconer 1857
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14 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 3. | ||||||||||
Stegodon bombifrons
Falconer 1847
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1 specimen | |||||||||
MNI = 1. | ||||||||||
Elephas platycephalus
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2 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 1. | ||||||||||
Elephas hysudriscus
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12 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = 3. | ||||||||||
Elephas planifrons
Falconer and Cautley 1846
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20 specimens | |||||||||
MNI = $. | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Cheloniidae
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Chelonidae indet.
(Bonaparte 1832)
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original and current combination Cheloniidae | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Crocodylidae
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Crocodylidae indet.
Cuvier 1807
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Actinopteri
- Siluriformes
- Siluridae
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Siluridae indet.
Cuvier 1816
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see common names |
Geography
Country: | India | State/province: | Panjab |
Coordinates: | 30.7° North, 76.8° East (view map) | ||
Paleocoordinates: | 29.6° North, 77.2° East | ||
Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark |
Time
Period: | Neogene | Epoch: | Pliocene |
Stage: | Piacenzian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
Key time interval: | Late/Upper Pliocene | ||
Age range of interval: | 3.60000 - 2.58800 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Formation: | Tatrot | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: Late Pliocene. The Pinjor Formation overlies the Tatrot formation, with the contact between them dated to 2.5Ma (Gauss/Matuyama boundary).
"Upper Siwaliks" |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | not reported |
Environment: | fluvial indet. |
Geology comments: Basically fluviatile. Laid down by laterally shifting rivers on a flood plain. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes: | some microfossils |
Reason for describing collection: | paleoecologic analysis |
Collection method comments: Local environment (based on mammals) is open grassland,with some bushland ansd wooded grassland. | |
Taxonomic list comments:This faunal list is an amalgamation of specimens collected at a number of localities in the area. Gastropods, etc., are mentioned but not described. Also 'unionids' listed. |
Metadata
Database number: | 51106 | ||
Authorizer: | A. Turner, G. Slater | Enterer: | H. O'Regan, G. Slater |
Modifier: | G. Varnham | Research group: | PACED |
Created: | 2005-05-27 08:03:03 | Last modified: | 2022-05-09 08:15:18 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2005-05-27 08:03:03 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
13626. | PACED | R. Gaur and S. R. K. Chopra. 1984. Taphonomy, fauna, environment and ecology of Upper Sivaliks (Plio-Pleistocene) near Chandigarh, India. Nature 308:353-358 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
Secondary references:
85020 | R. Croiter and C. Robinson. 2020. A revision of “Cervus” punjabiensis Brown, 1926 (Cervidae, Mammalia) from the Upper Siwaliks of Chandigarh, India. Quaternary International 550:147-158 [G. Slater/G. Slater] | |
30980 | M. Pickford. 2007. Revision of the Mio-Pliocene bunodont otter-like mammals of the Indian Subcontinent. Estudios Geologicos 63(1):83-127 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen] |