PBDB Collection

Sacaco (SAO horizon): Tortonian - Messinian, Peru

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

unclassified

	Syndontaspis aff. taurus	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Mammalia - Megatheriidae

	Megatheriidae indet. (Gray 1821)	Marocco and Muizon 1988
	misspelling Megatheriadae
Mammalia - Nothrotheriidae

	Thalassocnus carolomartini n. sp. McDonald and Muizon 2002	McDonald and Muizon 2002	2 specimens
	probably 1 individual
Mammalia - Carnivora - Otariidae

	Otariidae indet. (Gray 1825)	Marocco and Muizon 1988

	Hydrarctos lomasiensis n. gen., n. sp. (Muizon 1978)		1 specimen
Mammalia - Carnivora - Phocidae

	Monachinae indet. Trouessart 1897	Muizon and DeVries 1985
	form 2, 5

	Piscophoca pacifica Muizon 1981	Muizon and DeVries 1985

	Acrophoca longirostris Muizon 1981	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Mammalia - Cetacea - Physeteridae

	Physeteridae indet. Gray 1821	Muizon and DeVries 1985
	form 2, 3
Mammalia - Cetacea - Kogiidae

	Kogiidae indet. Miller 1923	Muizon and DeVries 1985
	form 2

	Kogia danomurai n. sp. Benites-Palomino et al. 2021	Benites-Palomino et al. 2021	1 specimen
Mammalia - Cetacea - Odobenocetopsidae

	Odobenocetops leptodon n. sp. Muizon et al. 1999	Muizon et al. 1999	2 specimens
Mammalia - Cetacea - Monodontidae

	Delphinapterinae indet. Gill 1871	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Mammalia - Cetacea - Phocoenidae

	Phocoenidae indet. (Gray 1825)	Marocco and Muizon 1988

	Piscolithax longirostris Muizon 1983	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Mammalia - Cetacea - Delphinidae

	cf. Delphinus sp. Linnaeus 1758	Muizon and DeVries 1985

	cf. Stenella sp. (Gray 1866)	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Mammalia - Cetacea - Balaenopteridae

	Balaenopteridae indet. Gray 1864	Muizon and DeVries 1985
	form3

	Balaenoptera siberi Pilleri 1989	Deméré et al. 2005	1 specimen
Mammalia - Cetacea - Cetotheriidae

	Cetotheriidae indet. (Brandt 1872)	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Mammalia - Cetacea

	Piscocetus sacaco n. gen., n. sp. Pilleri and Pilleri 1989	Pilleri and Pilleri 1989	1 specimen
Reptilia - Odontopterygiformes - Pelagornithidae

	Pelagornis sp. Lartet 1857	Chavez et al. 2007	1 specimen
Reptilia - Procellariidae

	Procellariidae indet. Vigors 1825	Muizon and DeVries 1985

	Fulmarus sp. Stephens 1826	Cheneval 1993
Reptilia - Spheniscidae

	Spheniscidae indet. Bonaparte 1831	Marocco and Muizon 1988
	form 2
Reptilia - Suliformes - Sulidae

	cf. Sula sp. Brisson 1760	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Reptilia - Suliformes - Phalacrocoracidae

	cf. Phalacrocorax sp. Brisson 1760	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Reptilia

	Eusuchia indet. Huxley 1875	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Actinopteri - Istiophoriformes - Xiphiidae

	Xiphiorhynchus sp. Van Beneden 1871	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Actinopteri - Clupeiformes - Clupeoidei

	Alosinae indet.	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Chondrichthyes - Chimaeriformes - Callorhynchidae

	Callorhynchus cf. callorhynchus	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae

	Carcharhinus cf. priscus Agassiz 1843	Muizon and DeVries 1985

	Carcharhinus cf. egertoni Agassiz 1843	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Otodontidae

	Procarcharodon megalodon (Agassiz 1835)	Muizon and DeVries 1985
	recombined as Otodus megalodon
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Lamnidae

	Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus 1758)	Marocco and Muizon 1988
Chondrichthyes - Squalomorphii - Hexanchidae

	Hexanchus gigas (Sismonda 1857)	Muizon and DeVries 1985
Chondrichthyes - Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae

	Myliobatis sp. Cuvier 1816	Muizon and DeVries 1985
see common names

Geography

Country:	Peru
Coordinates:	15.6° South, 74.7° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	15.9° South, 72.8° West
Basis of coordinate:	estimated from map
Geographic resolution:	local area

Time

Period:	Neogene	Epoch:	Miocene
10 m.y. bin:	Cenozoic 6
Key time interval:	Tortonian - Messinian
Age range of interval:	11.63000 - 5.33300 m.y. ago

Stratigraphy

Formation:	Pisco
Local section:	Pisco	Local bed:	SAO
Local order:	no particular order
Stratigraphic resolution:	group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: Muizon and Bellon (1986: 39394) suggest this is about 3.9 Ma: early late Pliocene according to Muizon et al 2004 (28320). Greater than 5.75 Ma (Ehret et al 2012) Bosio et al. 2020: Strontium isotope stratigraphy suggests Langhian–Serravallian age (14.8–12.4 Ma) for the P0 sequence of the Pisco Formation (see Fig. 9). Overlying P1 and P2 layers (including SAO horizon) reflects cooling from the late Serravallian–Messinian onwards. Bosio et al. 2019 use Ar dating of tephra layers within the Pisco Fm. with results suggesting P1 age between 9.5 and 8.6 Ma, and that of P2 between 8.4 and 6.7 Ma.

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	diatomaceous siltstone
Includes fossils?	Y
Environment:	paralic indet.
Geology comments: "a littoral paleoenviroment with protected beaches and reefs exposed to marine sediments" (Stucchi and Emslie 2005), high sedimentation rate, shallow-to-deep shelf, upwelling

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	body,original phosphate
Size of fossils:	macrofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:	excellent

Collection methods and comments

Collection methods:	surface (in situ),field collection
Reason for describing collection:	taxonomic analysis

Metadata

Database number:	46083
Authorizer:	M. Uhen	Enterer:	M. Uhen
Modifier:	G. Varnham	Research group:	vertebrate
Created:	2005-01-01 15:22:22	Last modified:	2022-02-09 04:39:58
Access level:	the public	Released:	2005-01-01 15:22:22
Creative Commons license:	CC BY

Reference information

Primary reference:

16948.

C. Muizon. 1978. Arctocephalus (Hydrarctos) lomasiensis, subgen. nov. et nov sp., un nouvel Otariidae du Mio-Pliocene de Sacaco. Bulletin de l'Institute Francais d'Etudes Andines 7(3-4):169-189 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]

Secondary references:

72984		A. Benites-Palomino and M. Urbina. 2020. La hiperdiversificación de Physeteroidea (Cetacea: Mammalia) del Mioceno tardío en el Pacifico Sur, nuevos fósiles del área de Sacaco, Arequipa, Perú. Revista peruana de biología 27(2):261-266 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
75450		A. Benites-Palomino, J. Vélez-Juarbe, A. Collareta, D. Ochoa, A. Altamirano, M. Carré, M. J. Laime, M. Urbina, and R. Salas-Gismondi. 2021. Nasal compartmentalization in Kogia (Cetacea, Physeteroidea): Insights from a new Late Miocene dwarf sperm whale from the Pisco Formation. Papers in Palaeontology [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
34370		M. Chavez, M. Stucchi, and M. Urbina. 2007. El registro de Pelagornithidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) y la avifauna neogena del Pacifico sudeste. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 36(2):175-197 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
40374		J. Cheneval. 1993. L'avifaune Mio-Pliocene de la Formation Pisco (Perou) etude prliminaire. Document Labratorie Geologique Lyon 125:85-95 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
39394		C. de Muizon and H. Bellon. 1986. Nouvelles donnees sur l'age de la Formation Pisco (Perou). Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Serie II 303(15):1401-1404 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
6027	5% 23820	C. de Muizon and D. P. Domning. 1985. The first records of fossil sirenians in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section C: Sciences de la Terre: Paleontologie, Geologie, Mineralogie 7(3):189-213 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
15521		T. A. Deméré, A. Berta, and M. R. McGowen. 2005. The taxonomic and evolutionary history of modern balaenopteroid mysticetes. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 12(1/2):99-143 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
27454		D. P. Domning and O. A. Aguilera. 2008. Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbeaan Region. VIII. Nanosiren garciae, gen. et sp. nov. and Nanosiren sanchezi, sp. nov. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(2):479-500 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
12182		R. Marocco and C. d.e. Muizon. 1988. Los vertebrados del Neogeno de La Costa Sur del Perú: Ambiente sedimentario y condiciones de fosilización. Bulletin de l'Institut Frances d'Etudes Andines 17(2):105-117 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
16792		H. G. McDonald and C. Muizon. 2002. The cranial anatomy of Thalassocnus (Xenarthra, Mammalia), a derived nothrothere from the Neogene of the Pisco Formation (Peru). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(2):349-365 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/J. Alroy]
16797		C. Muizon and T. J. DeVries. 1985. Geology and paleontology of late Cenozoic marine deposits in the Sacaco area (Peru). Geologische Rundschau 74(3):547-563 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
15397		C. Muizon, D. P. Domning, and M. Parrish. 1999. Dimorphic tusks and adaptive strategies in a new species of walrus-like dolphin (Odobenocetopsidae) from the Pliocene of Peru. C. R. Academie des Sciences, Paris, Sciences de la terre et des planets 329:449-455 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
78038		D. Ochoa, R. Salas-Gismondi, T. J. DeVries, P. Baby, C. Muizon, A. Altamirano, A. Barbosa‐Espitia, D. A. Foster, K. Quispe, J. Cardich, D. Gutiérrez, A. Perez, J. Valqui, M. Urbina, and M. Carré. 2021. Late Neogene evolution of the Peruvian margin and its ecosystems: a synthesis from the Sacaco record. International Journal of Earth Sciences [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
4358	5% 10880	G. Pilleri and O. Pilleri. 1989. Bartenwale aus der Pisco-Formation Perus. Beitrage zur Palaontologie der cetaceen Perus 11-38 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/J. Alroy]
29278		M. Stucchi and S. D. Emslie. 2005. A new condor (Ciconiiformes, Vulturidae) from the late Miocene/early Pliocene Pisco Formation, Peru. Condor 107(1):107-113 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]