Kirtlington 3p (Mammal Bed): Late/Upper Bathonian, United Kingdom
collected by Team from University College, London, led by the late Prof. K.A. Kermack

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Charophyta indet. Migula 1890
Evans and Milner 1994
Pteridopsida
"Triletes" sp. Reinsch 1881
Evans and Milner 1994
megaspores
Actinopterygii
Actinopterygii indet. Cope 1887
Freeman 1979 203 specimens
197+ scales, 6+ vertebrae
Actinopteri - Lepisosteiformes
cf. Lepidotes sp. Agassiz 1832
Evans and Milner 1994
Actinopteri - Amiiformes
? Caturus sp. Agassiz 1834
Freeman 1979 6 specimens
    = ? Amioidea indet. Bonaparte 1838
Evans and Milner 1994
Actinopteri
Pycnodontoidea indet.
Evans and Milner 1994
Reptilia - Cteniogenyidae
Cteniogenys sp. Gilmore 1928
Evans 1989 70 specimens
"Reptile B"; NHMUK specimens - skull and postcranial remains
Reptilia
Marmoretta oxoniensis n. gen., n. sp. Evans 1991
Evans 1991 126 specimens
BMNH R.12020–12146
Reptilia - Sphenodontia
Sphenodontia indet. (Jaekel 1910)
Evans and Milner 1991
Reptilia - Megalosauridae
Theropoda indet. (Marsh 1881)
Freeman 1979
    = Carnosauria indet. Huene 1920
Evans and Milner 1991
    = Megalosaurus sp. Parkinson 1822
Benton and Spencer 1995
Reptilia
Theropoda indet. (Marsh 1881)
Freeman 1979
    = Coelurosauria indet. Huene 1914
Evans and Milner 1991
    = Maniraptora indet. Gauthier 1986
Benton and Spencer 1995
Ornithischia informal indet. A Seeley 1888
Freeman 1979 19 specimens
    = cf. Alocodon sp. Thulborn 1975
Evans and Milner 1991
nomen dubium belonging to Ornithischia
? Cetiosaurus sp. Owen 1841
Freeman 1979 4 specimens
Pterodactylidae indet. Bonaparte 1838
Evans and Milner 1991
    = Pterodactyloidea indet. Plieninger 1901
Evans and Milner 1994
    = Pterosauria indet. Kaup 1834
Unwin 1996
Two short, blunt, very small teeth
Rhamphorhynchidae indet. Seeley 1870
Evans and Milner 1991
Teeth
    = Rhamphorhynchoidea indet. Plieninger 1901
Evans and Milner 1994
Atoposauridae indet. (Gervais 1871)
Evans and Milner 1991
    = cf. Theriosuchus sp. Owen 1878
Tennant et al. 2016
Reptilia - Goniopholididae
cf. Nannosuchus sp. Owen 1879
Evans and Milner 1994
    = cf. Goniopholis sp. Owen 1842
Evans and Milner 1991
Reptilia - Paramacellodidae
Saurillodon sp. Estes 1983
Evans and Milner 1994
Saurillodon marmorensis n. sp. Evans 1998
Evans 1998 13 specimens
BMNH R12650 (holotype), right dentary; BMNH R12651, symphyseal region of right dentary; BMNH R12653, right maxilla; BMNH R12652, left premaxilla; plus "range of highly distinctive vertebrae including BMNH R12654-12668"
Reptilia
Scincomorpha indet. Camp 1923
Evans and Milner 1991
Balnealacerta silvestris n. gen., n. sp. Evans 1998
Evans 1998 7 specimens
BMNH R12669 (holotype), partial left dentary; BMNH R12670, right maxilla; BMNH R12671, R12672, two left premaxillae; BMNH R12673, R12634, R12635 three frontals; further specimens not further elaborated on
Bellairsia gracilis n. gen., n. sp. Evans 1998
Evans 1998 3 specimens
BMNH R12678 (holotype), partial left dentary; BMNH R12679, fragment of right maxilla; BMNH R12680, left premaxilla; further dentary specimens not further elaborated on
? Gekkota indet. Cuvier 1817
Evans and Milner 1994
Parviraptor cf. estesi Evans 1994
Evans 1994 114 specimens
Series of dissociated elements including BMNH R12353, a left parietal; R12356, a partial left frontal; R12357, left frontal of a juvenile; R12358, another left frontal of a juvenile; R12359, partial left frontal; R12360, axis vertabra; R12361, partial dorsal vertebra; R12362, partial dorsal vert.; R12363, dorsal vert. of juvenile; R12364, fragment of vertebral condyle; R12365, dorsal vert.; R12366, anterior caudal vert.; R12367, anterior caudal vert.; R12368, anterior part of an autotomized caudal vert.; R12369, posterior part of an autotomized vert.; further collection of about 100 dissociated jaws, skull bones and vertebrae. Other specimens from the same reference have subseq. been erected under new taxon Eophis underwoodi
Anguimorpha indet. Fürbringer 1900
Evans and Milner 1991
Eophis underwoodi n. gen., n. sp. Caldwell et al. 2015
Caldwell et al. 2015 4 specimens
NHMUK R12355, symphyseal portion of right dentary; NHMUK R12354, midsection right dentary; NHMUK R12370, posterior portion of right dentary; NHMUK R12352, fragment of left maxilla
Oxiella tenuis n. gen., n. sp. Evans 1998
Evans 1998 1 specimen
BMNH R12689 (holotype), left dentary
Reptilia - Pleurosternidae
Cryptodira indet. Cope 1868
Evans and Milner 1991
    = cf. Pleurosternidae indet. Cope 1868
Evans and Milner 1994
    = Pleurosternidae informal histomorph I
Scheyer and Anquetin 2008
Histomorph I is represented by six specimens (IPB R583 to 588)
Reptilia - Testudines
Cryptodira informal histomorph II
Scheyer and Anquetin 2008 1 specimen
Histomorph II is represented only by a single specimen (IPB R589)
Morganucodonta - Megazostrodontidae
Morganucodontidae indet. Kuehne 1958
25 specimens
    = Wareolestes rex n. gen., n. sp. Freeman 1979
Freeman 1979
FM/K 25 (=BMNH M36525), right lower molar
Haramiyida
Haramiyida sp. Hahn 1989
Butler and Hooker 2005 1 specimen
BDUC J 562 is a relatively small molariform tooth: Interpretation of J 562 must await the discovery of further material; at present it can only be classified incertae sedis
Mammalia - Allotheria
Allotheria indet. Marsh 1880
Butler and Hooker 2005 1 specimen
BMNH M46234, left I2
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Hahnotheriidae
Hahnotherium antiquum n. gen., n. sp. Butler and Hooker 2005
Butler and Hooker 2005 1 specimen
BMNH M46797, a left second upper molar. Described by Kermack et al. 1998: 596, figs. 19B, 21 as Eleutherodon oxfordensis, group
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Paulchoffatiidae
? Paulchoffatiidae indet. Hahn 1969
Freeman 1979 1 specimen
FM/K 43 (=BMNH M36543): a partial upper incisor referred to as a 'multituberculate or tritylodontid incisor' by Freeman (1979); transferred to just Paulchoffatiidae indet. by Hahn (1993)
Mammalia - Kermackodontidae
Multituberculata indet. Cope 1884
Evans and Milner 1991 10 specimens
    = Eleutherodon oxfordensis n. gen., n. sp. Kermack et al. 1998
Kermack et al. 1998
recombined as Kermackodon oxfordensis
BDUC J.459-461, 585, 649, 481, 763, 797, 814; EF FM/K56; plus BMNH M46654, incom− plete left lower molar; BMNH M46821, right upper molar (bed 3p(iii))
Kermackodon multicuspis n. gen., n. sp. Butler and Hooker 2005
Butler and Hooker 2005 1 specimen
synonym of Kermackodon oxfordensis
BMNH M46822, a left upper molar (M2)
Kirtlingtonia catenata n. gen., n. sp. Butler and Hooker 2005
Butler and Hooker 2005 2 specimens
synonym of Kermackodon oxfordensis
BMNH M46497, the crown of a right upper molar, probably unerupted; BMNH M46579, right upper molar with root
Mammalia
Woodeatonia parva Mao et al. 2022
Mao et al. 2022 1 specimen
NHMUK PV M 46818 (a referred specimen of “Kirtlingtonia catenata”
Mammalia - Amphitheriidae
? Amphitherium sp. de Blainville 1838
Freeman 1979 16 specimens
FM/K 16 (=BMNH M36516), a left lower molar minus its talonid
Mammalia - Pantotheria
Eupantotheria indet. Kermack and Musset 1958
89 specimens
Mammalia - Prototribosphenida
Amphitheria indet. Kermack et al. 1968
Freeman 1979 1 specimen
FM/K 32 (=BMNH M36532)
Mammalia
Palaeoxonodon ooliticus n. gen., n. sp. Freeman 1976
70 specimens
Mammalia - Dryolestidae
? Dryolestidae indet. Marsh 1879
2 specimens
Mammalia - Shuotheridia - Shuotheriidae
Shuotherium sp. Chow and Rich 1982
Sigogneau-Russell 1998 1 specimen
J.439, a lower left tooth
? Shuotherium sp. Chow and Rich 1982
Sigogneau-Russell 1998 3 specimens
J.789, right molar; J.808, left upper molar; J.235, left upper molar
Docodonta - Docodontidae
Symmetrodonta indet. Simpson 1925
76 specimens
    = Cyrtlatherium canei n. gen., n. sp. Freeman 1979
Freeman 1979
FM/K 11 (=BMNH M36511): holotype lower molar; and FM/K38 (=BMNH M36538)
Borealestes mussetti n. sp. Sigogneau-Russell 2003
Sigogneau-Russell 2003 12 specimens
Borealestes serendipitus Waldman and Savage 1972
Sigogneau-Russell 2003 11 specimens
Peraiocynodon major n. sp. Sigogneau-Russell 2003
Sigogneau-Russell 2003 1 specimen
Docodonta - Simpsonodontidae
Simpsonodon oxfordensis n. gen., n. sp. Kermack et al. 1987
Sigogneau-Russell 2003 11 specimens
Holotpe: J. 100, fragment of right ramus of lower jaw with three postcanine teeth
Docodonta - Tegotheriidae
Krusatodon kirtlingtonensis n. gen., n. sp. Sigogneau-Russell 2003
Sigogneau-Russell 2003 7 specimens
Shuotherium kermacki n. sp. Sigogneau-Russell 1998
Sigogneau-Russell 1998 2 specimens
recombined as Paritatodon kermacki
J.612, left lower molar; J226, right lower molar
Tritylodontidae
Tritylodontidae indet. Cope 1884
Freeman 1979 90 specimens
four cusps or parts of cusps, and a complete incisor similar to Oligokyphus (FM/K 6 [=BMNH M36506])
Stereognathus sp. Charlesworth 1854
Evans and Milner 1991 44 specimens
NHMUK, OUMNH
    = Stereognathus ooliticus Charlesworth 1854
Panciroli et al. 2017
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Discoglossidae
Anura indet. (Fischer von Waldheim 1813)
Freeman 1979 160 specimens
    = Eodiscoglossus oxoniensis n. sp. Evans et al. 1990
Evans et al. 1990
Amphibia - Temnospondyli
Caudata informal indet. A Scopoli 1777
Evans et al. 1990 340 specimens
"Salamander A (common form)"
Caudata informal indet. B Scopoli 1777
Evans et al. 1990 4 specimens
"Salamander B (small form)"
Marmorerpeton sp. Evans et al. 1988
Evans et al. 1988
Marmorerpeton kermacki n. gen., n. sp. Evans et al. 1988
Evans et al. 1988 19 specimens
Marmorerpeton freemani n. sp. Evans et al. 1988
Evans et al. 1988 1 specimen
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Albanerpetontidae
Albanerpeton sp. Estes and Hoffstetter 1976
Evans et al. 1990 402 specimens
    = Celtedens megacephalus Costa 1864
McGowan 1998
    = Albanerpetontidae indet. Fox and Naylor 1982
Gardner 2000
    = Anoualerpeton priscus n. sp. Gardner et al. 2003
Gardner et al. 2003
also includes material previously identified as Celtedens megacephalus and C. ibericus
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Acrodontidae
Asteracanthus sp. Agassiz 1836
Freeman 1979 1 specimen
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae
Hybodus sp. Agassiz 1834
Freeman 1979 2 specimens
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes
Lissodus sp. Brough 1935
Evans and Milner 1994
see common names

Geography
Country:United Kingdom State/province:England County:Oxfordshire
Coordinates: 51.9° North, 1.3° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:41.5° North, 9.1° East
Basis of coordinate:based on nearby landmark
Altitude:75 meters
Geographic resolution:small collection
Time
Period:Jurassic Epoch:Middle Jurassic
Stage:Bathonian 10 m.y. bin:Jurassic 4
Key time interval:Late/Upper Bathonian
Age range of interval:168.20000 - 165.30000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Great Oolite Formation:Forest Marble
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: Oppelia aspidoides zone
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: unlithified marl
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "nonmarine clay" and "unconsolidated marl"
Environment:mire/swamp
Geology comments: "deposited under non-marine conditions in a swampy coastal region" (Gardner et al. 2003)
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:good
Disassociated major elements:many
Disassociated minor elements:many
Fragmentation:occasional
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:bulk,sieve,field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:BMNH
Collectors:Team from University College, London, led by the late Prof. K.A. Kermack
Collection method comments: BDUC collection, Biology Department, University College, London
Metadata
Also known as:Kirtlington Cement Quarry
Database number:39075
Authorizer:M. Carrano, J. Alroy, R. Benson, P. Barrett, R. Butler, P. Mannion Enterer:M. Carrano, P. Mannion, R. Butler, T. Cleary, J. Alroy, K. Maguire, R. Benson
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2004-05-19 14:55:03 Last modified:2014-07-25 09:58:21
Access level:the public Released:2004-05-19 14:55:03
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
10558. E. P. Freeman. 1976. Mammal teeth from the Forest Marble (Middle Jurassic) of Oxfordshire, England. Science 194(4269):1053-1055 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/R. Benson]

Secondary references:

15587ETE M. J. Benton and P. S. Spencer. 1995. Fossil Reptiles of Great Britain. Chapman & Hall, London 1-386 [M. Carrano/K. Maguire/J. Tennant]
42347 P. M. Butler and J. J. Hooker. 2005. New teeth of allotherian mammals from the English Bathonian, including the earliest multituberculates. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50(2):185-207 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
56265 M. W. Caldwell, R. L. Nydam, A. Palci and S. Apesteguía. 2015. The oldest known snakes from the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous provide insights on snake evolution. Nature Communications 6(5996):1-11 [P. Barrett/T. Cleary]
41119 S. E. Evans. 1989. New material of Cteniogenys (Reptilia: Diapsida; Jurassic) and a reassessment of the phylogenetic position of the genus. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte 1989:577-589 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
44162 S. E. Evans. 1990. The skull of Cteniogenys, a choristodere (Reptilia: Archosauromorpha) from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire. Zoological Journal of Linnean Society 99:205-237 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
42163 S. E. Evans. 1991. A new lizard-like reptile (Diapsida: Lepidosauromorpha) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 103:391-412 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
44161 S. E. Evans. 1991. The postcranial skeleton of the choristodere Cteniogenys (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Geobios 24(2):187-199 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
37904 S. E. Evans. 1994. A new anguimorph lizard from the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of England. Palaeontology 37(1):33-49 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
57725 S. E. Evans. 1998. Crown group lizards (Reptilia, Squamata) from the Middle Jurassic of the British Isles. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 250:123-154 [P. Barrett/T. Cleary]
30993 S. E. Evans, A. R. Milner, and F. Mussett. 1988. The earliest known Salamanders (Amphibia, Caudata): A record from the Middle Jurassic of England. Geobios 21(5):539-552 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
10560ETE S. E. Evans, A. R. Milner, and F. Mussett. 1990. A discoglossid frog from the Middle Jurassic of England. Palaeontology 33(1):299-311 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
19443ETE S. E. Evans and A. R. Milner. 1991. Middle Jurassic microvertebrate faunas from the British Isles. In Z. Kielan-Jaworowska, N. Heintz, & H. A. Nakrem (eds.), Fifth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, Extended Abstracts. Contributions from the Paleontological Museum, Unviersity of Oslo 364:21-22 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
10557ETE S. E. Evans and A. R. Milner. 1994. Middle Jurassic microvertebrate assemblages from the British Isles. In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods, N. C. Fraser and H.-D. Sues (eds.), Cambridge University Press 303-321 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
42352 E. F. Freeman. 1979. A Middle Jurassic mammal bed from Oxfordshire. Palaeontology 22(1):135-166 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
42674 J. D. Gardner. 2000. Revised taxonomy of albanerpetontid amphibians. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 45(1):55-70 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
52039 J. D. Gardner and M. Böhme. 2008. Review of the Albanerpetontidae (Lissamphibia), with comments on the paleoecological preferences of European Tertiary albanerpetontids. In J. T. Sankey & S. Baszio (ed.), Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblages: Their Role in Paleoecology and Paleobiogeography 178-218 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
30986 J. D. Gardner, S. E. Evans, and D. Sigogneau-Russell. 2003. New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48(2):301-319 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
38863 G. Hahn. 1993. The systematic arrangement of the Paulchoffatiidae (Multituberculata) revisited. Geologica et Palaeontologica 27:201-214 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
34262ETE K. A. Kermack, D. M. Kermack, P. M. Lees and J. R. E. Mills. 1998. New multituberculate-like teeth from the Middle Jurassic of England. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 43(4):581-606 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
49994 K. A. Kermack, A. J. Lee, P. M. Lees and F. Mussett. 1987. A new docodont from the Forest Marble. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 89:1-39 [P. Mannion/J. Tennant]
87575 F. Mao, P. Brewer, J. J. Hooker and J. Meng. 2022. New allotherian specimens from the Middle Jurassic Woodeaton Quarry (Oxfordshire) and implications for haramiyidan diversity and phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 20(1):1-37 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
10491 G. McGowan. 1996. Albanerpetonid amphibians from the Jurassic (Bathonian) of southern England. In M. Morales (ed.), The Continental Jurassic. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 60:227-234 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
47097 G. J. McGowan. 1998. The development and function of the atlanto-axial joint in albanerpetontid amphibians. Journal of Herpetology 32(1):116-122 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
65143 E. Panciroli, S. Walsh, N. C. Fraser, S. L. Brusatte, and I. Corfe. 2017. A reassessment of the postcanine dentition and systematics of the tritylodontid Stereognathus (Cynodontia, Tritylodontidae, Mammaliamorpha), from the Middle Jurassic of the United Kingdom. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37(5):e1351448:1-20 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
44048 T. M. Scheyer and J. Anquetin. 2008. Bone histology of the Middle Jurassic turtle shell remains from Kirtlington, Oxfordshire, England. Lethaia 41:85-96 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
42321 D. Sigogneau-Russell. 1998. Discovery of a Late Jurassic Chinese mammal in the Upper Bathonian of England. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes 327:571-576 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
34850ETE D. Sigogneau-Russell. 2003. Docodonts from the British Mesozoic. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48(3):357-374 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/J. Tennant]
59838 J. P. Tennant, P. D. Mannion, and P. Upchurch. 2016. Evolutionary relationships and systematics of Atoposauridae (Crocodylomorpha: Neosuchia): implications for the rise of Eusuchia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177:854-936 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
30893 D. M. Unwin. 1996. The fossil record of Middle Jurassic pterosaurs. In M. Morales (ed.), The Continental Jurassic, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 60:291-304 [R. Butler/R. Butler]