Kalodirr, west of Lake Turkana: Burdigalian, Kenya

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Chondrichthyes - Myliobatiformes
Myliobatiformes indet. Compagno 1973
Actinopteri - Siluriformes
Siluriformes indet.
Actinopteri - Siluriformes - Bagridae
cf. Bagridae indet. Bleeker 1852
Cladistia - Polypteriformes - Polypteridae
Polypterus sp. Lacépède 1803
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Platybelodon sp. Borissiak 1928
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Deinotheriidae
Prodeinotherium hobleyi (Andrews 1911)
Mammalia - Macroscelidea - Macroscelididae
Pronasilio sp. Butler 1984
    = Miosengi butleri n. gen., n. sp. Grossman and Holroyd 2009
Grossman and Holroyd 2009
Mammalia - Hyracoidea - Titanohyracidae
Megalohyrax championi (Arambourg 1933)
recombined as Afrohyrax championi
Mammalia - Erinaceidae
cf. Gymnurechinus sp. Butler 1956
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
cf. Aceratherium acutirostratum
Mammalia - Suidae
Libycochoerus jeanelli
Kenyasus rusingensis Pickford 1986
Lopholistriodon moruoroti Wilkinson 1976
Mammalia - Giraffidae
Giraffidae indet. Gray 1821
"Giraffidae nov."
Canthumeryx sirtensis Hamilton 1973
Mammalia
Diamanthohyus africanus
    = Diamantohyus africanus Stromer 1926
Grossman and Holroyd 2009
originally misspelled as Diamanthohyus
Mammalia - Tragulidae
Dorcatherium pigotti Whitworth 1958
Dorcatherium chappuisi Arambourg 1933
Dorcatherium parvum Whitworth 1958
recombined as Afrotragulus parvus
Mammalia - Anthracotheriidae
Masritherium aequitorialis
originally entered as "Masritherium aequitoralis"
Sivameryx africanus Andrews 1914
Rowan et al. 2015
originally entered as cf. Hyoboops
Mammalia - Carnivora
Musteloidea indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817
Adrian et al. 2018 1 specimen
Mammalia - Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Cynelos macrodon Savage 1965
Adrian et al. 2018 3 specimens
recombined as Afrocyon macrodon
Hecubides macrodon Savage 1965
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Katifelis nightingalei n. gen., n. sp. Adrian et al. 2018
Adrian et al. 2018 1 specimen
Mammalia - Carnivora - Viverridae
Kichechia savagei Adrian et al. 2018
Adrian et al. 2018 1 specimen
Kichechia zamanae Savage 1965
Mammalia - Creodonta
Anasinopa leakeyi Savage 1965
Mammalia - Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae
Hyaenodon sp. Laizer and Parieu 1838
Mammalia - Primates
Hominoidea informal indet. B Gray 1825
"Hominoidae gen. nov. B"
Mammalia - Primates - Proconsulidae
Hominoidea informal indet. A Gray 1825
"Hominoidae gen. nov. A"
    = Turkanapithecus kalakolensis n. gen., n. sp. Leakey and Leakey 1986
Leakey and Leakey 1986
Afropithecus turkanensis n. gen., n. sp. Leakey and Leakey 1986
1 specimen
Mammalia - Rodentia - Myophiomyidae
Elmerimys woodi
Mammalia - Rodentia - Thryonomyidae
Paraphiomys stromeri
originally entered as "Paraphyomys stromeri"
Paraphiomys sp. Andrews 1914
originally entered as "Paraphyomys sp."
Paraphiomys pigotti Andrews 1914
originally entered as "Paraphyomys pigotti"
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Ochotonidae
Kenyalagomys minor
Reptilia
Crocodilia indet. Owen 1842
"Crocodilia nov."
    = Brochuchus sp. Conrad et al. 2013
Cossette et al. 2020
KNM-WK 18210 and 18211
Reptilia - Serpentes
Serpentes indet. Linnaeus 1758
Reptilia - Testudines - Podocnemididae
cf. Albertwoodemys testudinum Gaffney et al. 2011
Gaffney et al. 2011
KNM-WK17139 "similar and may be same species or genus"
Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Testudinidae indet. Batsch 1788
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae
Trionychidae indet. Gray 1825
Bivalvia - Unionida - Etheriidae
Etheria elliptica Lamarck 1807
Gastropoda - Thiaridae
Melanoides tuberculata (Müller 1774)
Gastropoda - Ampullariidae
Lanistes carinatus
Pila ovata (Olivier 1804)
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Achatinidae
Limicolaria sp. Schumacher 1817
Insecta - Diptera - Agromyzidae
cf. Agromyzidae indet. (Fallén 1823)
Cricetodontidae
Cricetodontidae indet. Schaub 1925
see common names

Geography
Country:Kenya
Coordinates: 3.3° North, 35.8° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:2.2° North, 33.6° East
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Time
Period:Neogene Epoch:Miocene
Stage:Burdigalian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 5
Key time interval:Burdigalian
Age range of interval:20.44000 - 15.98000 m.y. ago
Age estimate:17.5 ± 10.2 to 16.8 ± 0.2 Ma (K-Ar)
Stratigraphy
Formation:Lothidok Member:Kalodirr
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: the site of Kalodirr ("Oryx" in the Turkana language) is located at the headwater of the Kalodirr River (3?20'N, 35?45'E) between the Lokipenata Ridge and the Basalt Hills to the east (Boschetto et al. 1992; Leakey and Leakey 1986a, b).

Grossman et al. 2009: The age of the Kalodirr fauna can be well constrained based on K/Ar dating of the underlying Kalodirr tuffs (17.5+/-10.2 Ma) and the overlying Naserte tuffs (16.8+/-0.2 Ma), which divide the Kalodirr Member from the younger Naserte Member of the Lothidok Formation.
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: not reported
Environment:"channel"
Geology comments: Sedimentological analyses indicate deposition via small meandering stream channels (Boschetto, 1992).
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection:general faunal/floral analysis
Metadata
Also known as:West Turkana, KNM-WK
Database number:38060
Authorizer:A. Behrensmeyer, J. Alroy, P. Holroyd, P. Mannion Enterer:V. Egerton, P. Mannion, P. Holroyd, J. Alroy
Modifier:G. Varnham
Created:2004-04-05 08:15:53 Last modified:2022-02-03 09:30:21
Access level:the public Released:2004-04-05 08:15:53
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
10163.ETE R. E. Leakey and M. G. Leakey. 1986. A new Miocene hominoid from Kenya. Nature 324(13):143-146 [A. Behrensmeyer/V. Egerton/V. Egerton]

Secondary references:

65091 B. Adrian, L. Werdelin, and A. Grossman. 2018. New Miocene Carnivora (Mammalia) from Moruorot and Kalodirr, Kenya. Palaeontologia Electronica 21.1.10A:1-19 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd]
73795 A. P. Cossette, A. J. Adams, S. K. Drumheller, J. H. Nestler, B. R. Benefit, M. L. McCrossin, F. K. Manthi, R. Nyaboke Juma, and C. A. Brochu. 2020. A new crocodylid from the middle Miocene of Kenya and the timing of crocodylian faunal change in the late Cenozoic of Africa. Journal of Paleontology 94(6):1165-1179 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
59461 E. S. Gaffney, P. A. Meylan, R. C. Wood, E. Simons, and D. De Almeida Campos. 2011. Evolution of the side-necked turtles: the family Podocnemididae. American Museum Novitates 350:1-237 [D. Nicholson/D. Nicholson/P. Mannion]
60368 A. Grossman and P. A. Holroyd. 2009. Miosengi butleri, gen. et sp. nov., (Macroscelidea) from the Kalodirr Member, Lothidok Formation, early Miocene of Kenya. Journal of Paleontology 29(3):957-960 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd]
10164ETE R. E. Leakey and M. G. Leakey. 1986. A second new Miocene hominoid from Kenya. Nature 324(13):146-148 [A. Behrensmeyer/V. Egerton/V. Egerton]
23745 R. E. F. Leakey and A. Walker. 1985. New higher primates from the early Miocene of Buluk, Kenya. Nature 318:173-175 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
85084 J. Rowan, B. Adrian, and A. Grossman. 2015. The first skull of Sivameryx africanus (Anthracotheriidae, Bothriodontinae) from the early Miocene of East Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35(3) [G. Slater/G. Slater]