Fuente Nueva 3: Early/Lower Pleistocene, Spain

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Mammuthus meridionalis (Nesti 1825)
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
Mammalia - Carnivora - Ursidae
Ursus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
    = Ursus etruscus Cuvier 1823
Medin et al. 2017
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Megantereon whitei Broom 1937
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
Mammalia - Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamus antiquus Desmarest 1822
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
Mammalia - Cervidae
Megaloceros (Megaceroides) solilhacus
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
spelled with current rank as Megaceroides
Cervus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
Mammalia - Bovidae
Bovini indet. Gray 1821
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
cf. Bos sp. Linnaeus 1758
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
Bovini cf. Bos sp.
Hemitragus sp. Hodgson 1841
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Equus altidens
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Stephanorhinus etruscus (Falconer 1868)
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cricetidae
Mimomys savini
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
Mimomys oswaldoreigi
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
Allophaiomys burgondiae
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
Allophaiomys chalinei
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
Mammalia - Rodentia - Muridae
Castillomys crusafonti Michaux 1969
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
Mammalia - Rodentia - Hystricidae
Hystrix major
Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998
see common names

Geography
Country:Spain State/province:Granada
Coordinates: 37.7° North, 2.5° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:37.8° North, 2.6° West
Basis of coordinate:based on nearby landmark
Time
Period:Quaternary Epoch:Pleistocene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
Key time interval:Early/Lower Pleistocene
Age range of interval:2.58000 - 0.77400 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Formation:Baza Member:Upper
Local section:Fuente Nueva
Stratigraphy comments: Lower Pleistocene, in the Matuyama Chron (1.77-0.78Ma), possibly predates the Jaramillo event (1.07-0.99Ma), Upper Biharian. Out of a total of 15 levels, 4 archaeological and palaeontological levels are recognised, in a variety of depositional environments, but only one faunal list is given.
Lithology and environment
Lithology description: 'the locality under study is found in carbonatic sediments of the section. In this area it was possible to conduct a precise geological study of the sedimentary cycle of the paleo-lake of Orce to a depth of some 5m. From one upper limestone level to another lower limestone and marl level, six geological units have been identified: I) assemblage of limestones and marls; II) carbonated clays; III) clays and silts; IV) carbonated clays and marls; V) green clays oxidised at their summit; VI) marly limestones. Archaeological level 1 is in geological unit II, archaeological level 2 in geological unit V and archaeological level 3 in geological unit VI.
Environment:lacustrine indet.
Taphonomy
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:bulk,field collection
Reason for describing collection:archaeological analysis
Collection method comments: Found on May 5th 1991, Excavated in April 1994 and August 1995.
Taxonomic list comments:degree of evolution of Allophaiomys burgondiae and A. chalinei suggest that FN3 is older than the Gran Dolina, Atapuerca.
Metadata
Also known as:Fuentenueva 3 FN-3
Database number:34943
Authorizer:A. Turner, M. Uhen Enterer:H. O'Regan, M. Uhen
Modifier:H. O'Regan Research group:PACED
Created:2003-10-21 08:13:13 Last modified:2003-10-22 12:04:19
Access level:the public Released:2003-10-21 08:13:13
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
9396.PACED B. Martinez-Navarro, A. Turq, A. Agusti Ballester and O. Oms. 1997. Fuente Nueva-3 (Orce, Granada, Spain) and the first human occupation of Europe. Journal of Human Evolution 33:611-620 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]

Secondary references:

9393PACED J. Gibert, L.l. Gibert, A. Iglesias and E. Maestro. 1998. Two 'Oldowan' assemblages in the Plio-Pleistocene deposits of the Orce region, southeast Spain. Antiquity 72:17-25 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]
9388PACED B. Martinez-Navarro, A. Turq, J. Agusti and O. Oms. 1998. The Pliocene-Pleistocene section of the Fuente Nueva (Orce, Guadix-Baza Basin, Prov. of Granada, Spain) and the Fuente Nueva 3 site. In Agusti, J., Oms, O. and Martin-Suarez, E., 1998, The Plio-Pleistocene vertebrate succession of the Guadix-Baza Basin (SE Spain), European Quaternary Mammal Research Association (INQUA-SEQS) 18-22 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]
63873 T. Medin, B. Martinez-Navarro, F. Rivals, J. Madurell-Malapeira, S. Ros-Montoya, M.-P. Espigares, B. Figueirido, L. Rook, and P. Palmqvist. 2017. Late Villafranchian Ursus etruscus and other large carnivorans from the Orce sites (Guadix-Baza basin, Andalusia, southern Spain): Taxonomy, biochronology, paleobiology, and ecogeographical context. Quaternary International 431:20-41 [M. Uhen/J. So/M. Uhen]
9395PACED O. Oms, J. M. Pares, B. Martinez-Navarro, J. Agusti, I. Toro, G. Martinez-Fernandez, and A. Turq. 2000. Early human occupation of Western Europe: Paleomagnetic dates for two paleolithic sites in Spain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97(19):10666-10670 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]