Atapuerca TD4: Early/Lower Pleistocene, Spain

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Iberomys huescarensis
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999
Mammalia - Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben 1777)
Garcia and Arsuaga 1999
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Panthera gombaszoegensis (Kretzoi 1938)
Garcia and Arsuaga 1999
Mammalia - Carnivora - Ursidae
Ursus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Garcia and Arsuaga 1999
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Equus sp. Linnaeus 1758
van der Made 1998
stenonid
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Stephanorhinus etruscus (Falconer 1868)
van der Made 1998
Mammalia - Cervidae
Cervus elephas
van der Made 1998
Dama dama (Linnaeus 1758)
van der Made 1998
Dama dama vallonnetensis
Megaceros sp. Owen 1844
van der Made 1998
synonym of Megaloceros
Mammalia - Bovidae
Bison sp. Hamilton-Smith 1827
van der Made 1998
Bison schoetensacki voigstedtensis
Mammalia - Soricidae
Crocidura sp. Wagler 1832
Sorex sp. Linnaeus 1758
Mammalia - Talpidae
Talpa sp. Linnaeus 1758
Mammalia - Erinaceidae
Erinaceus cf. europaeus Linnaeus 1758
Mammalia - Rodentia - Sciuridae
Marmota sp. Frisch 1775
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999
Mammalia - Rodentia - Castoridae
Castor fiber Linnaeus 1758
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999
Mammalia - Rodentia - Muridae
Apodemus aff. flavicollis
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999
Micromys minutus
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cricetidae
Allophaiomys chalinei
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999
Mimomys savini
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999
Terricola arvalidens
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999
synonym of Microtus
Stenocranius gregaloides
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999
spelled with current rank as Microtus (Stenocranius)
Pliomys episcopalis
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999
Allocricetus sp. Schaub 1930
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999
Mammalia - Rodentia - Hystricidae
Hystrix refossa
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999
Mammalia - Rodentia - Gliridae
Eliomys helleri
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999
'Elyomys' quercinus quercinus
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Oryctolagus sp. Lilljeborg 1874
see common names

Geography
Country:Spain State/province:Castilla-Leon
Coordinates: 42.4° North, 3.5° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:42.4° North, 3.7° West
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Time
Period:Quaternary Epoch:Pleistocene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
Key time interval:Early/Lower Pleistocene
Age range of interval:2.58800 - 0.78100 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Local section:Trinchera de Ferrocarril Local bed:4
Local order:bottom to top
Stratigraphy comments: level TD4 has been dated after the Jaramillo event (0.99Ma) and before the Brunhes/Matuyama boundary (0.78) and is therefore late Lower Pleistocene.
Lithology and environment
Environment:fissure fill
Taphonomy
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:bulk,field collection
Reason for describing collection:archaeological analysis
Collection method comments: 'on the basis of pollen analysis, a forested landscape dominated TD4 times, with Quercus and Pinus. The presence of leafy deciduous trees (Fagus, Betula, Juglans, Ulmus) and Olea indicate a transition between cold and warm conditions.'
Metadata
Also known as:Gran Dolina
Database number:34916
Authorizer:A. Turner Enterer:H. O'Regan
Modifier:H. O'Regan Research group:PACED
Created:2003-10-16 05:29:57 Last modified:2003-10-20 06:23:25
Access level:the public Released:2003-10-16 05:29:57
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

9374.PACED E. Carbonell and X. P. Rodriguez. 1994. Early Middle Pleistocene deposits and artefacts in the Gran Dolina site (TD4) of the 'Sierra de Atapuerca' (Burgos, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution 26:291-311 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]

Secondary references:

9351PACED E. Carbonell, M. Esteban, A. Martin Najera, M. Mosquera, X.P. Rodriguez, A. Olle, R. Sala, J.M. Verges, J.M. Bermudez Castro and A.I. Ortega. 1999. The Pleistocene site of Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain: a history of the archaeological investigations. Journal of Human Evolution 1999(37):313-324 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]
9346PACED G. Cuenca-Bescos, C. Laplana, and J. I. Canudo. 1999. Biochronological implications of the Arvicolidae (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Lower Pleistocene hominid-bearing level of Trinchera Dolina 6 (TD6, Atapuerca, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution 37(3-4):353-373 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/J. Alroy]
9345PACED N. Garcia and J. L. Arsuaga. 1999. Carnivores from the Early Pleistocene hominid-bearing Trinchera Dolina 6 (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution 37:415-430 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]
9380PACED J. van der Made. 1998. Ungulados de Gran Dolina, Atapuerca: nuevos datos e interpretationes. In Aguirre, E., ed., Atapuerca y la evolucion humana. Fundacion Ramon Areces, Madrid. 99-109 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]