Atapuerca TD4: Early/Lower Pleistocene, Spain
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
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Iberomys huescarensis
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Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Hyaenidae
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Crocuta crocuta
(Erxleben 1777)
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Garcia and Arsuaga 1999 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Panthera gombaszoegensis
(Kretzoi 1938)
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Garcia and Arsuaga 1999 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
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Ursus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Garcia and Arsuaga 1999 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Equus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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van der Made 1998 | |||||||||
stenonid | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Stephanorhinus etruscus
(Falconer 1868)
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van der Made 1998 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Cervidae
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Cervus elephas
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van der Made 1998 | |||||||||
Dama dama
(Linnaeus 1758)
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van der Made 1998 | |||||||||
Dama dama vallonnetensis | ||||||||||
Megaceros sp.
Owen 1844
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van der Made 1998 | |||||||||
synonym of Megaloceros | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Bison sp.
Hamilton-Smith 1827
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van der Made 1998 | |||||||||
Bison schoetensacki voigstedtensis | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Soricidae
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Crocidura sp.
Wagler 1832
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Sorex sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Mammalia
- Talpidae
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Talpa sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Mammalia
- Erinaceidae
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Erinaceus cf. europaeus
Linnaeus 1758
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Sciuridae
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Marmota sp.
Frisch 1775
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Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Castoridae
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Castor fiber
Linnaeus 1758
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Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Muridae
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Apodemus aff. flavicollis
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Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999 | |||||||||
Micromys minutus
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Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cricetidae
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Allophaiomys chalinei
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Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999 | |||||||||
Mimomys savini
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Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999 | |||||||||
Terricola arvalidens
|
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999 | |||||||||
synonym of Microtus | ||||||||||
Stenocranius gregaloides
|
Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999 | |||||||||
spelled with current rank as Microtus (Stenocranius) | ||||||||||
Pliomys episcopalis
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Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999 | |||||||||
Allocricetus sp.
Schaub 1930
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Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Hystricidae
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Hystrix refossa
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Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Gliridae
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Eliomys helleri
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Cuenca-Bescos et al. 1999 | |||||||||
'Elyomys' quercinus quercinus | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Oryctolagus sp.
Lilljeborg 1874
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see common names |
Geography
Country: | Spain | State/province: | Castilla-Leon |
Coordinates: | 42.4° North, 3.5° West (view map) | ||
Paleocoordinates: | 42.4° North, 3.7° West | ||
Basis of coordinate: | stated in text |
Time
Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 | ||
Key time interval: | Early/Lower Pleistocene | ||
Age range of interval: | 2.58800 - 0.78100 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Local section: | Trinchera de Ferrocarril | Local bed: | 4 | ||
Local order: | bottom to top | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: level TD4 has been dated after the Jaramillo event (0.99Ma) and before the Brunhes/Matuyama boundary (0.78) and is therefore late Lower Pleistocene. |
Lithology and environment
Environment: | fissure fill |
Taphonomy
Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods: | bulk,field collection |
Reason for describing collection: | archaeological analysis |
Collection method comments: 'on the basis of pollen analysis, a forested landscape dominated TD4 times, with Quercus and Pinus. The presence of leafy deciduous trees (Fagus, Betula, Juglans, Ulmus) and Olea indicate a transition between cold and warm conditions.' |
Metadata
Also known as: | Gran Dolina | ||
Database number: | 34916 | ||
Authorizer: | A. Turner | Enterer: | H. O'Regan |
Modifier: | H. O'Regan | Research group: | PACED |
Created: | 2003-10-16 05:29:57 | Last modified: | 2003-10-20 06:23:25 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2003-10-16 05:29:57 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
9374. | PACED | E. Carbonell and X. P. Rodriguez. 1994. Early Middle Pleistocene deposits and artefacts in the Gran Dolina site (TD4) of the 'Sierra de Atapuerca' (Burgos, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution 26:291-311 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
Secondary references:
9351 | PACED | E. Carbonell, M. Esteban, A. Martin Najera, M. Mosquera, X.P. Rodriguez, A. Olle, R. Sala, J.M. Verges, J.M. Bermudez Castro and A.I. Ortega. 1999. The Pleistocene site of Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain: a history of the archaeological investigations. Journal of Human Evolution 1999(37):313-324 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
9346 | PACED | G. Cuenca-Bescos, C. Laplana, and J. I. Canudo. 1999. Biochronological implications of the Arvicolidae (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Lower Pleistocene hominid-bearing level of Trinchera Dolina 6 (TD6, Atapuerca, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution 37(3-4):353-373 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/J. Alroy] |
9345 | PACED | N. Garcia and J. L. Arsuaga. 1999. Carnivores from the Early Pleistocene hominid-bearing Trinchera Dolina 6 (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution 37:415-430 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
9380 | PACED | J. van der Made. 1998. Ungulados de Gran Dolina, Atapuerca: nuevos datos e interpretationes. In Aguirre, E., ed., Atapuerca y la evolucion humana. Fundacion Ramon Areces, Madrid. 99-109 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |