Venta Micena: Early/Lower Pleistocene, Spain
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
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cf. Dmanisibos sp.
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Bovini cf. Dmanisibos | ||||||||||
Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
- Discoglossidae
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Discoglossus sp.
Otth 1837
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Holman 1998 | |||||||||
Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
- Ranidae
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Rana sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Rana perezi
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Holman 1998 | |||||||||
= Pelophylax cf. perezi
Frost et al. 2006
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Agustí et al. 2010 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Hystricidae
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Hystrix major
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Gliridae
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Eliomys intermedius
Priant 1953
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Muridae
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Apodemus aff. mystacinus
Danford and Alston 1877
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Castillomys crusafonti
Michaux 1969
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cricetidae
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Allophaiomys pliocaenicus
Kormos 1932
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Oryctolagus cf. lacosti
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Ochotonidae
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Prolagus calpensis
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Talpidae
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Desmana sp.
Guldenstaedt 1777
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Dicerorhinus etruscus
(Falconer 1868)
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Dicerorhinus etruscus brachycephalus | ||||||||||
= Stephanorhinus etruscus
Falconer 1868
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Arribas and Palmqvist 1998 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Equus stenonis
Cocchi 1867
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Equus stenonis granatensis | ||||||||||
= Equus altidens
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Arribas and Palmqvist 1998 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Artiodactyla
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Homo sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Highly controversial (See other Venta Micena refs.) | ||||||||||
= Equidae indet.
Gray 1821
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Agusti and Moya-Sola 1987 | |||||||||
= Artiodactyla indet.
Owen 1848
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Martinez-Navarro 2002 | |||||||||
a juvenile female of a large ruminant species | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Hippopotamidae
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Hippopotamus amphibius
Linnaeus 1758
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Hippopotamus amphibius antiquus | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Cervidae
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Cervidae indet.
Gray 1821
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Praemegaceros solilhacus
|
Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
= Megaloceros (Megaceroides) solilhacus
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Arribas and Palmqvist 1998 | |||||||||
spelled with current rank as Megaceroides | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Caprini indet.
Gray 1821
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Soergelia minor
|
Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Capra alba
|
Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
= Hemitragus alba
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Arribas and Palmqvist 1998 | |||||||||
Praeovibos sp.
Staudinger 1908
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Megantereon whitei
Broom 1937
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Arribas and Palmqvist 1998 | |||||||||
Homotherium latidens
(Owen 1846)
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Lynx aff. issiodorensis
(Croizet and Jobert 1828)
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Arribas and Palmqvist 1998 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Hyaenidae
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Pachycrocuta brevirostris
(Gervais 1850)
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Pachycrocuta brevirostris ruizi | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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cf. Meles sp.
Brisson 1762
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
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Ursus etruscus
Cuvier 1823
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Canis (Xenocyon) falconeri
Forsyth-Major 1877
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Arribas and Palmqvist 1998 | |||||||||
recombined as Xenocyon falconeri | ||||||||||
Canis etruscus
Forsyth Major 1877
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Vulpes praeglacialis
(Kormos 1932)
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Martinez-Navarro et al. 1998 | |||||||||
original and current combination Alopex praeglacialis | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Mammuthus meridionalis
(Nesti 1825)
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Testudinidae
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Testudo sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Ophidia
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Ophidia indet.
Latreille 1804
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Colubridae
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Natrix maura
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Agustí et al. 2010 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Lacertidae
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Lacerta sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
= Timon sp.
Tschudi 1836
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Agustí et al. 2010 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Charadriiformes
- Laridae
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aff. Laridae indet.
Vigors 1825
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Martinez-Navarro 1992 | |||||||||
Charadriiforme indet. (aff. Laridae) | ||||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | Spain | State/province: | Granada | County: | Orce |
Coordinates: | 37.7° North, 2.5° West (view map) | ||||
Paleocoordinates: | 37.8° North, 2.6° West | ||||
Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark | ||||
Geographic resolution: | small collection |
Time
Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 | ||
Key time interval: | Early/Lower Pleistocene | ||
Age range of interval: | 2.58800 - 0.78100 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic resolution: | bed | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: Belonging to Guadix-Baza basin. dated to 1.2+-0.2Ma. Lower Pleistocene. According to Augustì et al. (2010) 1.6-1.4Ma. |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | concretionary,white carbonaceous mudstone |
Lithology description: 'white carbonate facies (mudstone) with palaeosols, carbonate concretions and abundant skeletal remains of fossil mammals'. Forms a layer 2.5km long. Venta Micena stratum is 80-120cm thick. 'Previous studies indicate that the Venta Micena assemblage is included in 90-98% pure micritic limestone, which precipitated in freshwater ponds emplaced on a caliche paleosol of diagenetic origin' | |
Environment: | lacustrine - large |
Geology comments: The palaeosol containing the Venta Micena assemblage 'surrounded a more or less stable and shallow lake with swampy margin zones that existed in the valley of Orce during the Plio-Pleistocene'. The Mudstone (see lithology) is interpreted as a 'lake with various periods of partial dessication, during one of which the Venta Micena assemblage was formed'. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body,bone collector |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Feeding/predation traces: | tooth marks |
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis |
Metadata
Database number: | 34898 | ||
Authorizer: | A. Turner, E. Vlachos, P. Mannion | Enterer: | H. O'Regan, L. Macaluso, E. Vlachos |
Modifier: | L. Macaluso | Research group: | PACED |
Created: | 2003-10-14 09:18:16 | Last modified: | 2019-06-11 07:03:11 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2003-10-14 09:18:16 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
10967. | S. Moya-Sola, S. Agusti, J. Gilbert and J. Pons-Moyá. 1981. El yacimiento cuarternario de Venta Micena (España) y su importancia dentro de las asociaciones faunisticas del Pleistoceno inferior europeo. Paleontologia i Evolució 16:39-53 [J. Alroy/J. Wertheim/J. Wertheim] |
Secondary references:
10969 | 5% 23480 | J. Agustí, P. Anadón, J. Gilbert, R. Juliá, E. Martín-Suárez, E. Menéndez, S. Moyá-Solá, J. Pons-Moyá, P. Rivas and I. Toro. 1983. Estratigrafía y paleontología del Pleistoceno Inferior de Venta Micena (Orce, depresión Guadix-Baza, Granada). Resultos preliminares. Paleontologia i Evolució 18:19-38 [J. Alroy/J. Wertheim/J. Head] |
69151 | J. Agustí, H. A. Blain, M. Furió, R. De Marfá, and A. Santos-Cubedo. 2010. The early Pleistocene small vertebrate succession from the Orce region (Guadix-Baza Basin, SE Spain) and its bearing on the first human occupation of Europe. Quaternary International 223:162-169 [P. Mannion/L. Macaluso/M. Uhen] | |
9376 | PACED | J. Agusti, S. Moya-Sola, and J. Pons-Moya. 1986. Venta Micena (Guadix-Baza Basin, South-eastern Spain): its place in the Plio-Pleistocene mammal succession in Europe. Geologica Romana 25:33-62 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
9371 | PACED | J. Agusti and S. Moya-Sola. 1987. Sobre la indentidad del fragmento craneal atribuido a Homo sp. de Venta Micena (Orce, Granada). Estudios Geologicos 43:535-538 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
9364 | PACED | A. Arribas and P. Palmqvist. 1998. Taphonomy and palaeoecology of an assemblage of large mammals: hyaenid activity in the Lower Pleistocene site at Venta MIcena (Orce, Guadix-Baza basin, Granada, Spain). Géobios 31(3):1-47 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/J. Alroy] |
69129 | D. R. Frost, T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O., A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. E. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green, and W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297:1-37 [P. Mannion/L. Macaluso] | |
9366 | PACED | J. Gibert, D. Campillo, J.M. Arques, E. Garcia-Olivares, C. Borja and J. Lowenstein. 1998. Hominid status of the Orce Cranial fragment reasserted. Journal of Human Evolution 34:203-217 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
66368 | J. A. Holman. 1998. Pleistocene Amphibians and Reptiles in Britain and Europe. Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics 1-265 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos] | |
9343 | PACED | B. Martinez-Navarro. 1992. Revision sistematica de la fauna de macromamiferos del yacimiento de Venta Micena (Orce, Granada, Espana). in Gibert, J. ed., Proyecto Orce-Cueva Victoria (1988-1992): Presencia humana en el Pleistoceno inferior de Granada y Murcia. Ayuntamiento de Orce, Granada, Spain. 21-85 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
9365 | PACED | B. Martinez-Navarro. 2002. The skull of Orce: parietal bones or frontal bones?. Journal of Human Evolution 43:265-270 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
9368 | PACED | B. Martinez-Navarro and P. Palmqvist. 1995. Presence of the African Machairodont Megantereon whitei (Broom, 1937) (Felidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) in the Lower Pleistocene site of Venta Micena, with some considerations on the origin, evolution and dispersal of the genus. Journal of Archaeological Science 22:569-582 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
9389 | PACED | B. Martinez-Navarro, P. Palmqvist, and A. Arribas. 1998. The palaeontological site at Venta Micena (Orce, Guadix-Baza Basin, Province of Granade, Spain). In Agusti, J., Oms, O. and Martin-Suarez, E., 1998, The Plio-Pleistocene vertebrate succession of the Guadix-Baza Basin (SE Spain), European Quaternary Mammal Research Association (INQUA-SEQS) 23-25 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
9377 | PACED | B. Martinez-Navarro and P. Palmqvist. 1999. Venta Micena (Orce, Granada, Spain): human activity in a hyena den during the Lower Pleistocene. In E. Turner, ed., The role of early humans in the accumulation of European lower and middle Palaeolithic bone assemblages. Romisch-Germanisches Zentral Museum, Monographien 42, Dr Rudolf Habelt DMBH, Bonn. 57-71 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
9369 | PACED | P. Palmqvist. 1997. A critical re-evaluation of the evidence for the presence of hominids in Lower Pleistocene times at Venta Micena, Southern Spain. Journal of Human Evolution 33:83-89 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
9367 | PACED | P. Palmqvist and A. Arribas. 2001. Taphonomic decoding of the paleobiological information locked in a lower Pleistocene assemblage of large mammals. Paleobiology 27(3):512-530 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
9370 | PACED | J. Pons Moya. 1987. Los Carnivoros (Mammalia) de Venta Micena (Granada, Espana). Paleontologia I Evolucio, Memoire Especiale 1 109-128 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |