Betfia 7 level 3c: Early/Lower Pleistocene, Romania
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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unclassified
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Praealces latifrons
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Mammalia
- Chiroptera
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Chiroptera indet.
Blumenbach 1779
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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Mustela palerminea
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Mustela praenivalis
Kormos 1934
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Canis mosbachensis
Soergel 1925
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Vulpes sp.
Frisch 1775
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| Vulpes (s.l.) sp. | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Hyaenidae
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? Crocuta sp.
Erxleben 1777
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Dicerorhinus etruscus
(Falconer 1868)
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| Dicerorhinus etruscus ssp. | ||||||||||
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= Stephanorhinus etruscus
Falconer 1868
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O'Regan 2003 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Cervidae
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Praemegaceros sp.
Portis 1920
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Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Bovidae indet.
Gray 1821
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Bison schoetensacki
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Mammalia
- Talpidae
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Talpa fossilis
Petenyi 1864
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Mammalia
- Soricidae
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Beremendia fissidens
(Petényi 1864)
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Crocidura sp.
Wagler 1832
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Sorex ex gr. minutus
Linnaeus 1766
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| Sorex gr. minutus | ||||||||||
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Sorex margaritodon
Kormos 1930
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Sorex runtonensis
Hinton 1911
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Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Lepus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Zapodidae
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Sicista praeloriger
Kormos 1930
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cricetidae
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Cricetus cricetus
(Linnaeus 1758)
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| Cricetus cricetus praeglacialis | ||||||||||
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Allocricetus bursae
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Mimomys pusillus
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Mimomys savini
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Clethrionomys ex gr. glareolus
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| synonym of Myodes | ||||||||||
| Clethrionomys gr. glareolus | ||||||||||
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Microtus arvalidens
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| Microtus (Terricola) arvalidens | ||||||||||
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Microtus gregaloides
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| Microtus (Stenocranius) gregaloides | ||||||||||
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Microtus nivalinus
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| Microtus (Chionomys) nivalinus | ||||||||||
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Microtus nivaloides
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| Microtus (M.) nivaloides MAJOR (M. arvalinus HINTON) | ||||||||||
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Microtus ratticepoides
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| Microtus (M.) ratticepoides | ||||||||||
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Lagurus transylvanicus
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Pliomys episcopalis
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Pliomys lenki
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Muridae
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Spalax sp.
Güldenstadt 1770
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Apodemus ex gr. sylvaticus
(Linnaeus 1758)
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| original and current combination Mus sylvaticus | ||||||||||
| Apodemus gr. sylvaticus | ||||||||||
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Apodemus mystacinus
Danford and Alston 1877
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Gliridae
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Glis sackdillingensis
Heller 1930
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Muscardinus dacicus
Kormos 1930
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Sciuridae
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Sciurus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Spermophilus primigenius
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| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | Romania | County: | Bihor |
| Coordinates: | 47.0° North, 22.0° East (view map) | ||
| Paleocoordinates: | 46.9° North, 22.0° East | ||
| Basis of coordinate: | estimated from map |
Time
| Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
| 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 | ||
| Key time interval: | Early/Lower Pleistocene | ||
| Age range of interval: | 2.58000 - 0.77400 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
| Stratigraphy comments: Site overview: the site of Betfia has a height of 8m and encompasses four complexes of layers. The first three of these represent the filling of a former cave, containing numerous fragments of speleotherms. Level 3 is formed of three layers of clay with speleothemes. Level 3c is dated to Late Lower Pleistocene (Late Bavelian) approx. 0.8Ma. |
Lithology and environment
| Lithology description: Level 3 is formed of three layers of clay with speleothemes. | |
| Environment: | cave |
Taphonomy
| Disassociated major elements: | many |
| Disassociated minor elements: | many |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | bulk,field collection |
| Reason for describing collection: | biostratigraphic analysis |
| Collection method comments: Sites discovered between 1966 and 1991 and excavated by the Bucharest Speleological Institute and the "Tarii Crisurilor" Museum of Oradea. | |
| Taxonomic list comments:Level 3c is distinguished by a marked diversity and by an abundance of forest species; belongs to a temperate phase with some continental features. | |
Metadata
| Also known as: | Betfia VII/3c Somleu Hill | ||
| Database number: | 34009 | ||
| Authorizer: | A. Turner | Enterer: | H. O'Regan |
| Modifier: | H. O'Regan | Research group: | PACED |
| Created: | 2003-08-12 03:26:49 | Last modified: | 2003-08-12 06:27:57 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2003-08-12 03:26:49 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY | ||
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 8655. | E. Terzea. 1996. Biochronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Betfia (Bihor, Romania). Acta Zoologica Cracovensia 39(1):531-540 [A. Behrensmeyer/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
Secondary references:
| 9580 | PACED | H. J. O'Regan. 2003. Reidentifications and synonomies of European mammals. [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/M. Uhen] |