Level 456, Hole GH-9, Culebra Fm.: Early/Lower Miocene, Panama

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
cf. Antrophyum sp. microspore
1 %-specimens
informal Fern informal trilete spore microspore
3 %-specimens
informal Fern informal monolete microspore
18.5 %-specimens
Cryosophila sp. microspore
10 %-specimens
Synechanthus sp. microspore
1.5 %-specimens
cf. Doliocarpus sp. microspore
.5 %-specimens
Tetrorchidium sp. microspore
1.5 %-specimens
Sabicea sp. microspore
.5 %-specimens
Allophylus sp. microspore
.5 %-specimens
Chondrichthyes - Symmoriiformes - Symmoriidae
Danaea sp. microspore (Pruvost 1922)
1 %-specimens
original and current combination Denaea
unclassified
Plantae indet. microspore Haeckel 1866
29.5 %-specimens
Lycopodiopsida - Selaginellales - Selaginellaceae
Selaginella sp. microspore Beauvois 1804
2 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Myrtales - Combretaceae
Combretaceae indet. microspore Brown 1810
1 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Sapindales - Sapindaceae
Cupania sp. microspore Linnaeus
.5 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Malvales - Malvaceae
Malvaceae indet. microspore de Jussieu 1789
1 %-specimens
cf. Guazuma sp. microspore Miller 1754
.5 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Fabales - Fabaceae
Acacia sp. microspore Miller 1758
.5 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Oxalidales - Connaraceae
cf. Rourea sp. microspore Aublet 1775
1 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Malpighiales - Euphorbiaceae
Sapium sp. microspore Browne 1756
2.5 %-specimens
Alchornea sp. microspore Swartz 1788
.5 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Malpighiales - Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
2.5 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Arecaceae
Manicaria sp. microspore Gaertner 1791
7.5 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Poales - Poaceae
Gramineae indet. microspore de Jussieu
.5 %-specimens
synonym of Poaceae
Angiospermae - Aquifoliales - Aquifoliaceae
Ilex sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
2.5 %-specimens
Polypodiopsida - Cyatheales - Cyatheaceae
Cyathea sp. microspore Smith 1793
7.5 %-specimens
Polypodiopsida - Polypodiales - Pteridaceae
Pteris sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
1.5 %-specimens
Polypodiopsida - Schizaeales - Lygodiaceae
Lygodium sp. microspore Swartz 1800
1 %-specimens
see common names

Geography
Country:Panama
Coordinates: 9.0° North, 79.6° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:8.3° North, 77.4° West
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Neogene Epoch:Miocene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 5
*Period:Middle Tertiary *Epoch:Early/Lower Miocene
Key time interval:Early/Lower Miocene
Age range of interval:23.03000 - 15.98000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Culebra Local bed:456
Local order:top to bottom
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: lignite
Includes fossils?Y
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: Shale is lignitic.
Environment:estuary/bay
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,original sporopollenin
Size of fossils:microfossils
Spatial orientation:random
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:core,chemical,mechanical,field collection
Reason for describing collection:general faunal/floral analysis
Metadata
Database number:32394
Authorizer:E. Kowalski Enterer:E. Kowalski
Modifier:E. Kowalski Research group:paleobotany
Created:2003-06-27 14:47:16 Last modified:2003-06-27 17:47:28
Access level:the public Released:2003-06-27 14:47:16
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
8740. A. Graham. 1988. Studies in Neotropical Paleobotany. V. The Lower Miocene Communities of Panama - The Culebra Formation. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75:1440-1466 [E. Kowalski/E. Kowalski/E. Kowalski]