Kaseki-kabe (facies III), Shiramine: Barremian, Japan
collected 1985, 1997-2009

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Brisia onychioides
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Ginkgoidium nathorsti
Matsuoka et al. 2002
? Micromelania katoensis
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Tritylodontidae
Tritylodontidae indet. Cope 1884
Matsuoka et al. 2002 150 specimens
SBEI 029, 034-035, 039-040, 043-044, 047, 049, 051-056, 058, 062, 065-066, 073, 092-094, 110, 112, 122, 125, 127, 141, 146, 577-578
    = Montirictus kuwajimaensis n. gen., n. sp. Matsuoka et al. 2016
Matsuoka et al. 2016
Mammalia - Multituberculata
Multituberculata indet. Cope 1884
Matsuoka et al. 2002 2 specimens
SBEI 581
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Eobaataridae
Tedoribaatar reini n. gen., n. sp. Kusuhashi 2008
Kusuhashi 2008 1 specimen
SBEI 1570, fragment of right lower jaw with p4 (holotype)
Hakusanobaatar matsuoi n. gen., n. sp. Kusuhashi 2008
Kusuhashi 2008 7 specimens
SBEI 1736, holotype dental association; SBEI 581, fragmentary left lower jaw with damaged p4; SBEI 582, damaged right upper premolar (probably P2); SBEI 1519, ?left p3; SBEI 1520, damaged left p4; SBEI 1526, fragment of right lower dentary with incisor; and SBEI 1949, tentatively assigned poorly preserved upper premolar (two ?labial cusps of probably right P5)
Mammalia - Eutriconodonta
Triconodonta indet. Osborn 1888
Matsuoka et al. 2002 3 specimens
SBEI --6, 020, 015
    = Hakusanodon archaeus n. gen., n. sp. Rougier et al. 2007
Rougier et al. 2007
holotype (SBEI 006, partial right mandible) - other specimens not commented on
Reptilia - Testudines
Chelonia indet. (Latreille 1800)
Isaji et al. 2006 17 specimens
synonym of Testudines
eggshells
Trionychoidea indet. Fitzinger 1826
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Testudinoidea indet. Gray 1825
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Reptilia - Squamata
Squamata informal indet. E Oppel 1811
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Squamata informal indet. A Oppel 1811
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Within the Shiramine lizard collection there are several maxillae and dentaries with bicuspid teeth, notably SBEI 1501 (Li191) and 1525 (Li193), a right and left maxilla respectively (Figure 15.1–4); SBEI 197 (Li8) and 808 (Li92) (Figure 15.5–10), both left dentaries; and SBEI 1487 (Li190), a right dentary.
Squamata informal indet. B Oppel 1811
Matsuoka et al. 2002
SBEI 827 (Li100) is a small right mandible separated into its dentary and postdentary components (Figure 16). The dentary is 4.5 mm long as preserved but is missing the symphysial region and posterior margin (estimated original total length ~5.7 mm). The postdentary complex is 4.8 mm long, giving an overall original jaw length of ~10.5 mm.
Squamata informal indet. C Oppel 1811
Evans and Matusmoto 2015 1 individual
Many of the other isolated lizard maxillae and dentaries in the Shiramine collection can be attributed to Sakurasaurus, which is the most common lizard taxon at this locality. However, SBEI 1277 (Li177) is the posterior end of a deep (2.25 mm) left dentary preserved in labial view and bearing seven teeth with spaces for 4–5 others
Reptilia
Asagaolacerta tricuspidens n. gen., n. sp. Evans and Matusmoto 2015
Evans and Matusmoto 2015 2 specimens
SBEI 1566 An association of skull, jaws and postcranial bones of a small lizard with facetted tricuspid teeth; Possibly SBEI 1621, a right maxilla
Kuroyuriella mikikoi n. gen., n. sp. Evans and Matusmoto 2015
Evans and Matusmoto 2015 2 specimens
SBEI 1510 (Li193), a disarticulated skull on four originally conjoined blocks; SBEI 1608 (Li223), an association on two small blocks
Hakuseps imberis n. gen., n. sp. Evans and Matusmoto 2015
Evans and Matusmoto 2015 1 individual
SBEI 2086. An almost complete left dentary
Reptilia - Paramacellodidae
Paramacellodidae indet. Estes 1983
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Reptilia
? Anguimorpha indet. Fürbringer 1900
Matsuoka et al. 2002 1 specimen
    = Kaganaias hakusanensis n. gen., n. sp. Evans et al. 2006
Evans et al. 2006
SBEI 1568, part and counterpart of articulated partial skeleton comprising parts of the dors. vert. series and parts of the tail, pelvis, and hind limbs
Scincomorpha informal indet. A Camp 1923
Matsuoka et al. 2002 1 specimen
Scincomorpha informal indet. B Camp 1923
Matsuoka et al. 2002 1 specimen
Squamata informal indet. F Oppel 1811
Matsuoka et al. 2002
    = Kuwajimalla kagaensis n. gen., n. sp. Evans and Manabe 2008
Evans and Manabe 2008
Sakurasaurus sp. Evans and Manabe 1999
Evans and Manabe 2009 1 individual
SBEI 199 (small block with disarticulated association of skull bones, vertebrae, ribs, pelvis and hindlimb bones)
Reptilia - Choristodera
Choristodera indet. Cope 1876
Matsuoka et al. 2002 1 specimen
Reptilia - Tyrannosauridae
Theropoda informal indet. B Marsh 1881
Matsuoka et al. 2002 5 specimens
SBEI 170, 171, 156, 814, 576
    = Tyrannosauridae indet. Osborn 1906
Isaji et al. 2005
Reptilia
Maniraptora indet. Gauthier 1986
Matsuoka et al. 2002 1 specimen
SBEI 167; Theropoda indet. C = Oviraptorosauria + Therizinosauroidea clade
Enantiornithes indet. Walker 1981
Matsuoka et al. 2002 1 specimen
SBEI 307
Reptilia - Dromaeosauridae
Theropoda informal indet. A Marsh 1881
Matsuoka et al. 2002 1 specimen
SBEI 008
    = Dromaeosauridae indet. Colbert and Russell 1969
Isaji et al. 2005
Reptilia - Ornithischia
Ornithischia indet. Seeley 1888
Isaji et al. 2005
Reptilia - Iguanodontidae
Iguanodontidae indet. Bonaparte 1850
Hasegawa et al. 1995 6 specimens
SBEI 164, 165, 172-175
Reptilia
Hypsilophodontidae indet. Dollo 1882
Matsuoka et al. 2002 1 individual
SBEI 176, incomplete skull
    = Albalophosaurus yamaguchiorum n. gen., n. sp. Ohashi and Barrett 2009
Ohashi and Barrett 2009
Sauropoda indet. Marsh 1878
Matsuoka et al. 2002 2 specimens
SBEI 183, 160
? Dsungaripteroidea indet. Young 1964
Matsuoka et al. 2002 1 specimen
SBEI 303
Reptilia - Ornithocheiridae
Ornithocheiridae indet. Seeley 1870
Matsuoka et al. 2002 1 specimen
SBEI 802
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Albanerpetontidae
Shirerpeton isajii n. gen., n. sp. Matsumoto and Evans 2018
Matsumoto and Evans 2018 2 individuals
SBEI 2459, 2405
Actinopteri - Lepisosteiformes
Lepidotes sp. Agassiz 1832
Matsuoka et al. 2002 2 elements
Actinopteri - Pachycormiformes - Pachycormidae
Pachycormidae indet. Woodward 1895
Matsuoka et al. 2002 1 element
Actinopteri
Teleostei indet. Müller 1846
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Actinopteri - Osteoglossiformes - Osteoglossidae
Osteoglossidae indet. Bonaparte 1832
Isaji et al. 2005 1 element
Sinamiidae
Sinamia sp.
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Sphaeriidae
Sphaerium sp. Scopoli 1777
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Bivalvia - Unionida - Unionidae
Unio ogamigoensis
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Gastropoda - Heterostropha
Pupilloidea sp. (Turton 1831)
Matsuoka et al. 2002
misspelling Pupillacea
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Physidae
Physidae informal indet. A Fitzinger 1833
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Physidae informal indet. B Fitzinger 1833
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Gastropoda - Pleuroceridae
Pleuroceridae indet. Thiele 1929
Isaji et al. 2005
Gastropoda - Viviparidae
Viviparus onogoensis
Matsuoka et al. 2002
unclassified
Carpolithes sp. Schlotheim 1820
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Sphenopteridae
Sphenopteris sp. Sternberg 1825
Matsuoka et al. 2002
unclassified
Eboracia nipponensis
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Eboracia sp. Thomas 1911
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Polypodiopsida - Gleicheniaceae
Gleichenites ishikawaensis
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Gleichenites nipponensis
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Gleichenites sp. Göppert 1836
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Polypodiopsida
Cladophlebis denticulate
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Polypodiopsida - Cyatheales - Cyatheaceae
Coniopteris sp. Brongniart 1849
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Coniopteris burejensis (Zalessky 1904)
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Polypodiopsida - Polypodiaceae
Onychiopsis elongata Geyler 1889
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Polypodiopsida - Equisetales - Equisetaceae
Equisetites ushimarensis
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Polypodiopsida - Osmundaceae
Osmundopsis distans
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Bennettitales
Dictyozamites kawasakii
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Dictyozamites tedoriensis
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Coniferales - Cupressaceae
? Sequoia sp. Endlicher 1847
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Coniferales - Podocarpaceae
Podocarpus reinii
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Podocarpus yokoyamai
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Podocarpus tedoriensis
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Podocarpus sp. L'Heritier and Persoon 1807
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Podozamites anguistifolius
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Podozamites lanceolatus (Lindley and Hutton 1840)
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Pinopsida - Pinales - Pinaceae
? Pinaceae indet. Rudolphi 1830
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Angiospermae - Arecaceae
? Arecaceae indet. von Berchtold and Presl 1820
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Angiospermae - Magnoliales - Magnoliaceae
? Magnoliaceae indet. de Jussieu 1789
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Ginkgoopsida - Ginkgoales
Eretmophyllum tetoriense
Matsuoka et al. 2002
unclassified
Ginkgoites digitata
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Ginkgoites huttoni
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Ginkgoites sp. Seward 1919
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Cycadopsida - Cycadales
Taeniopteris emarginata
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Taeniopteris sp. Brongniart 1828
Matsuoka et al. 2002
Nilssonia kotoi
Matsuoka et al. 2002
misspelling Nilsonia
Nilssonia nipponensis
Matsuoka et al. 2002
misspelling Nilsonia
Nilssonia orientalis
Matsuoka et al. 2002
misspelling Nilsonia
Nilssonia sp. (Brongniart 1825)
Matsuoka et al. 2002
misspelling Nilsonia
Hepaticae
Thallites yabei
Matsuoka et al. 2002
unclassified
Neozamites sp. Vakhrameev 1962
Matsuoka et al. 2002
see common names

Geography
Country:Japan State/province:Ishikawa
Coordinates: 36.2° North, 136.6° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:46.5° North, 138.1° East
Basis of coordinate:based on nearby landmark
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Cretaceous Epoch:Early/Lower Cretaceous
Stage:Barremian 10 m.y. bin:Cretaceous 2
*Period:Early/Lower Cretaceous - Early/Lower Cretaceous *Epoch:Neocomian - Neocomian
*International age/stage:Berriasian - Hauterivian
Key time interval:Barremian
Age range of interval:125.77000 - 121.40000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Tetori Formation:Kuwajima
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: "upper horizon" of Kuwajima Formation, uppermost part of Itoshiro Subgroup, Tetori Group. Described as "lower Neocomian", and older that "late Barremian", but authors' use of "Neocomian" seems to include some of the Gallic as well.
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:very fine,gray,green,blue silty,sandy mudstone
Secondary lithology: sandstone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "alternations of massive sandstones, fine-grained sandstones and mudstones"; facies III = "massive with occasional thin bedding. They consist of well-sorted silty mud and occasional angular very fine-grained quartz sands. The mud is normally dark greenish-grey in colour, and frequently has a blue-ish tint."
Environment:mire/swamp
Geology comments: "deposited in the channels of braided rivers and flood plains", specifically in a "vegetated swamp"
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,adpression
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:excellent
Articulated whole bodies:none
Associated major elements:some
Disassociated major elements:many
Disassociated minor elements:many
Fragmentation:occasional
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection
Reason for describing collection:general faunal/floral analysis
Collection dates:1985, 1997-2009
Taxonomic list comments:"Theropoda sp. C" is described as a member of the (unnamed) clade Oviraptorosauria + Therizinosauroidea. Another theropod is described as "Tetanurae", but the authors do not indicate whether this is sp. A or B. Note that the authors use "sp." for most of the unidentified species, but I have replaced most with "indet." because the groups are higher taxa, not genera (i.e. "Anura indet." instead of "Anura sp.").
Metadata
Also known as:Kasekiheki
Database number:32324
Authorizer:M. Carrano, R. Butler, P. Mannion, R. Benson Enterer:M. Carrano, R. Butler, R. Benson, J. Tennant
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2003-06-25 08:33:43 Last modified:2022-08-22 15:21:55
Access level:the public Released:2003-06-25 08:33:43
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
54260. M. Matsukawa and I. Obata. 1994. Dinosaurs and sedimentary environments in the Japanese Cretaceous: a contribution to dinosaur facies in Asia based on molluscan palaeontology and stratigraphy. Cretaceous Research 15(1):101-125 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

54277 Y. Azuma and Y. Tomida. 1997. Japanese dinosaurs. In P. J. Currie, K. Padian (eds.), Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs 375-379 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/P. Wagner]
23356ETE S. E. Evans, M. Manabe, M. Noro, S. Isaji, and M. Yamaguchi. 2006. A long-bodied lizard from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan. Palaeontology 49(6):1143-1165 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
26888ETE S. E. Evans and M. Manabe. 2008. An early herbivorous lizard from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan. Palaeontology 51(2):487-498 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
37820 S. E. Evans and M. Manabe. 2009. The Early Cretaceous lizards of Eastern Asia: new material of Sakurasaurus from Japan. Special Papers in Palaeontology 81:43-59 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
56090 S. E. Evans and R. Matusmoto. 2015. An assemblage of lizards from the Early Cretaceous of Japan. Palaeontologia Electronica 18(2):1-36 [P. Mannion/J. Tennant]
10132 M. J. Fujita. 2003. Geological age and correlation of the vertebrate-bearing horizons in the Tetori Group. Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum 2:3-14 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
55479 Fukui Kenritsu Kyoryu Hakubutsukan. 2010. [Exhibit Guidebook of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum]. 1-212 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
13515ETE Y. Hasegawa, M. Manabe, S. Isaji, M. Ohkura, I. Shibata and I. Yamaguchi. 1995. Terminally resorbed iguanodontid teeth from the Neocomian Tetori Group, Ishikawa and Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series C 21(1, 2):35-49 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
29480ETE S. Isaji, A. Matsushita, and R. Hirayama. 2006. Chelonian eggshells from the Lower Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation of the Tetori Group, central Japan. Paleontological Research 10(1):29-36 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
13526ETE S. Isaji, H. Okazaki, R. Hirayama, H. Matsuoka, P. M. Barrett, T. Tsubamoto, M. Yamaguchi, I. Yamaguchi, and T. Sakumoto. 2005. Depositional environments and taphonomy of the bone-bearing beds of the Lower Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation, Tetori Group, Japan. Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Series A 3:123-133 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
39712 N. Kusuhashi. 2008. Early Cretaceous multituberculate mammals from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group), central Japan. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53(3):379-390 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
17538ETE M. T. Matsukawa, K. Saiki, M. Ito, I. Obata, D. J. Nichols, M. G. Lockley, R. Kukihara and K. Shibata. 2006. Early Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia based on food-web and energy-flow models. Cretaceous Research 27:285-307 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
64925 R. Matsumoto and S. E. Evans. 2018. The first record of albanerpetontid amphibians (Amphibia: Albanerpetontidae) from East Asia. PLoS ONE 13(1):e0189767:1-58 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
8713 H. Matsuoka, N. Kusuhashi, T. Takada and T. Setogushi. 2002. A clue to the Neocomian vertebrate fauna: initial results from the Kuwajima "Kaseki-kabe" (Tetori Group) in Shiramine, Ishikawa, central Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Series of Geology and Mineralogy 59(1):33-45 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
60061 H. Matsuoka, N. Kusuhashi, and I. J. Corfe. 2016. A new Early Cretaceous tritylodontid (Synapsida, Cynodontia, Mammaliamorpha) from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group) of central Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(4):e1112289:1-16 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
58655 T. Ohashi. 2004. Pleurokinesis in a new ornithopod (Dinosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group), Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(3, suppl.):99A [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
31493 T. Ohashi and P. M. Barrett. 2009. A new ornithischian dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation of Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(3):748-757 [R. Butler/R. Butler/M. Carrano]
25259 G. W. Rougier, S. Isaji, and M. Manabe. 2007. Early Cretaceous mammals from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group), Japan, and a reassessment of triconodont phylogeny. Annals of Carnegie Museum 76(2):73-115 [T. Tsubamoto/T. Tsubamoto/J. Tennant]
69508 S.-i. Sano and A. Yabe. 2017. Fauna and flora of Early Cretaceous Tetori Group in central Japan: the clues to revealing the evolution of Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem in Asia. Palaeoworld 26:253-267 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]