Level 253, Core SL-103, Gatun Fm.: Pliocene, Panama

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Faramea sp. microspore
Graham 1991 1 %-specimens
Casimiroa sp. microspore
Graham 1991 3.5 %-specimens
cf. Glycydendrum sp. microspore
Graham 1991 2 %-specimens
Ctenitis sp. microspore
Graham 1991 1 %-specimens
informal Fern sp. microspore
Graham 1991 17.5 %-specimens
monolete spore
Plantae indet. microspore Haeckel 1866
Graham 1991 34.5 %-specimens
Polypodiopsida - Cyatheales - Cyatheaceae
Cyathea sp. microspore Smith 1793
Graham 1991 1.5 %-specimens
Cnemidaria sp. microspore Presl 1836
Graham 1991 .5 %-specimens
synonym of Cyathea
Alsophila sp. microspore Brown 1810
Graham 1991 3.5 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Ericales - Sapotaceae
cf. Bumelia sp. microspore Swartz 1788
Graham 1991 .5 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Ericales - Ericaceae
Ericaceae indet. microspore Jussieu 1789
Graham 1991 .5 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Myrtales - Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae indet. microspore de Jussieu 1789
Graham 1991 8 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Poales - Poaceae
Gramineae indet. microspore de Jussieu
Graham 1991 4.5 %-specimens
synonym of Poaceae
Angiospermae - Arecaceae
Palmae indet. microspore de Jussieu
Graham 1991 10.5 %-specimens
synonym of Arecaceae
Angiospermae - Aquifoliales - Aquifoliaceae
Ilex sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Graham 1991 3 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Malpighiales - Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora sp. microspore Linnaeus 1753
Graham 1991 5 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Malpighiales - Malpighiaceae
Malpighiaceae indet. microspore de Jussieu 1789
Graham 1991 2.5 %-specimens
Angiospermae - Malvales - Malvaceae
Malvaceae indet. microspore de Jussieu 1789
Graham 1991 .5 %-specimens
see common names

Geography
Country:Panama
Coordinates: 9.3° North, 79.9° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:9.2° North, 79.3° West
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Neogene Epoch:Pliocene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
*Period:Late/Upper Tertiary *Epoch:Middle Pliocene
Key time interval:Pliocene
Age range of interval:5.33300 - 2.58000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Gatun Local bed:253
Local order:top to bottom
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:gray argillaceous,silty sandstone
Includes fossils?Y
Environment:marginal marine indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,original sporopollenin
Size of fossils:microfossils
Spatial orientation:random
Preservation of anatomical detail:excellent
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes:some macrofossils
Collection methods:core,chemical,mechanical,field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Metadata
Database number:32307
Authorizer:E. Kowalski Enterer:E. Kowalski
Modifier:E. Kowalski Research group:paleobotany
Created:2003-06-20 14:45:11 Last modified:2003-06-20 17:45:23
Access level:the public Released:2003-06-20 14:45:11
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
8696. A. Graham, R. H. Stewart, and J. L. Stewart. 1985. Studies in Neotropical Paleobotany. III. The Tertiary communities of Panama - Geology of the pollen-bearing deposits. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 72:485-503 [E. Kowalski/E. Kowalski/E. Kowalski]

Secondary references:

8695 A. Graham. 1991. Studies in Neotropical Paleobotany. X. The Pliocene communities of Panama - Composistion, numerical representations, and paleocommunity paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 78:465-475 [E. Kowalski/E. Kowalski/E. Kowalski]