Kamenny Ravine (Ulema River), Isheevo, PIN 157, 2207: Urzhumian - Early/Lower Severodvinian, Russian Federation
collected by I. A. Efremov 1934, 1935

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Equisetopsida - Araucariaceae
Dadoxylon sp. Endlicher 1847
Riabinin 1938
Palaeonisciformes - Platysomidae
Platysomus sp. Agassiz 1833
Riabinin 1938
Reptilia - Bolosauridae
Permotriturus herrei n. gen., n. sp. Tatarinov 1968
Ivakhnenko 2008 1 individual
PIN 157/500 (type)
Reptilia - Lanthanosuchidae
Lanthanosuchus watsoni n. gen., n. sp. Efremov 1946
Ivakhnenko 2008
PIN 271/1 (type), 157/91-98, 209
Ulemosauridae
Ulemosaurus svijagensis n. gen., n. sp. Riabinin 1938
Ivakhnenko 2003 1 individual
PIN 2207/2, skull
Anteosauridae
Cliorhizodon efremovi n. sp. Orlov 1940
Ivakhnenko 2003 6 specimens
synonym of Syodon biarmicum
PIN 157/2, skull, PIN 157/635, palatine, PIN 157/670, quadrate, PIN 157/677, mandible, PIN 157/1045, partial periotic, PIN 157/1046, partial periotic
Titanophoneus potens n. gen., n. sp. Efremov 1940
18 specimens
PIN 157/1 (type). PIN 157/180, a frontal. PIN 157/181, a frontal. PIN 157/182, a postorbital. PIN 157/186, transverse process of a pterygoid. PIN 157/187, a prefrontal. PIN 157/188, a postorbital. PIN 157/190, transverse process of a pterygoid. PIN 157/192, a postorbital. PIN 157/193, a pterygoid. PIN 157/194, a pterygoid. PIN 157/195, transverse process of a pterygoid. PIN 157/208, a partial squamosal. PIN 157/209, an isolated angular boss. PIN 157/272, an angular. PIN 157/275, a pterygoid. PIN 157/648, a palatine. PIN 157/972, a pterygoid.
Doliosaurus yanschinovi n. gen., n. sp. Orlov 1958
Ivakhnenko 2003 1 individual
synonym of Titanophoneus potens
PIN 157/3 (type)
Therocephalia - Lycosuchidae
? Porosteognathus sp. Vjuschkov 1952
Ivakhnenko 2011 4 specimens
PIN 157/866, 957, 958, 959
Porosteognathus efremovi n. gen., n. sp. Vjuschkov 1952
Ivakhnenko 2011 15 specimens
PIN 157/19 (type), parietals; 157/20, 21, 22, 24, 497, 498, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688
Anomodontia
Venjukovia sp. (Amalitzky 1922)
Riabinin 1938
    = Venjukovia invisa n. sp. Efremov 1940
Efremov 1940
recombined as Ulemica invisa
PIN 157/5 (holotype), skull. PIN 157/688, quadrate-quadratojugal complex; PIN 157/989, maxilla; PIN 157/1112, mandible; PIN 157/1116, skull; PIN 157/1117, incisor
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Archegosauridae
Melosaurus paucidens n. sp. Konzhukova 1955
Ivakhnenko 2008 1 individual
recombined as Tryphosuchus paucidens
PIN 157/107 (type)
Amphibia - Anthracosauromorpha - Enosuchidae
Enosuchus breviceps n. gen., n. sp. Konzhukova 1955
Ivakhnenko 2008
PIN 271/99 (type)
Elonichthyiformes - Acrolepididae
Acrolepis sp. Agassiz 1833
Riabinin 1938
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae
Hybodus sp. Agassiz 1834
Riabinin 1938
Chondrichthyes
Onchus sp. Agassiz 1837
Riabinin 1938
see common names

Geography
Country:Russian Federation State/province:Tatarstan County:Apastovo
Coordinates: 55.1° North, 48.5° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:29.3° North, 43.3° East
Basis of coordinate:based on nearby landmark
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Permian Epoch:Guadalupian
10 m.y. bin:Permian 4
*Period:Late/Upper Permian *Epoch:Zechstein
*International age/stage:Tartarian
Key time interval:Urzhumian - Early/Lower Severodvinian Other zone: Titanophoneus potens
Age range of interval:266.90000 - 259.51000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: Isheevo Subassemblage of the Isheevo Assemblage; the later part of the Early Tatarian (=Urzhumian–early Severodvinian) (Golubev 2000; Benton 2012, Geology).
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:red sandstone
Secondary lithology:red mudstone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: fine reddish sands. "...complete absence of coarse sediments of pebbletype." Overlying red mudstones are unfossiliferous.
Environment:fluvial indet.
Geology comments: "..depositing in a shallow branch or pool with slow current...Concentration of organic matters produced the brown tints of the sands.."
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:variable
Articulated whole bodies:some
Associated major elements:some
Disassociated major elements:many
Disassociated minor elements:many
Size sorting:poor
Fragmentation:occasional
Spatial resolution:parautochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,field collection
Rock censused:2500000 cm2 (area)
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:PIN
Collectors:I. A. Efremov Collection dates:1934, 1935
Collection method comments: "[...] we have employed the method of laying vast (up to 250 sq. mt.) grounds [...] for exposing the bone-bearing layer. This method proved to be quite satisfactory, as during the two seasons of excavating works (of 1934 and 1935) we have succeeded in obtaining of two practically complete skeletons of carnivorous Deinocephalians and of one skeleton of a herbivorous Deinocephalian. Unfortunately, this latter was embedded at the boundary of the layer of bone-bearing sands, just under the train of deluvial deposits, and was distorted by the landslip and subterranian waters to such an extent, that in spite of the extremely accurate preparation performed, we have succeeded to pick out from the matrix rock only the skull with a few vertebrae, and some ribs." (Efremov, 1940).
Metadata
Also known as:Kamennyi, Kamenny Valley, Yumrala Ravine, Sviaga River, Sviyaga River, Isheevo, Tartarstan, Kamenny Ovrag
Database number:27931
Authorizer:J. Alroy, R. Butler, J. Mueller Enterer:R. Whatley, R. Butler, T. Liebrecht
Modifier:R. Butler Research group:vertebrate
Created:2003-01-17 18:55:17 Last modified:2017-12-04 07:55:57
Access level:the public Released:2003-01-17 18:55:17
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
7854.5% 47000J. A. Efremov. 1940. Predvaritel'noye opisaniye novykh form permskoy i triasovoy fauny nazemnykh pozvonochnykh SSSR [Preliminary description of new forms from the Permian and Triassic terrestrial vertebrate fauna of the USSR]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademiy Nauk SSSR 10(2):1-140 [J. Alroy/R. Whatley/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

28966 B. Battail and M. V. Surkov. 2000. Mammal-like reptiles from Russia. In M. J. Benton, M. A. Shishkin, D. M. Unwin & E. N. Kurochkin (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 86-119 [J. Mueller/T. Liebrecht]
63997 V. K. Golubev. 2000. The Faunal Assemblages of Permian Terrestrial Vertebrates from Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 34:S211-S224 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
63003 M. F. Ivakhnenko. 2003. Eotherapsids from the East European Placket (Late Permian). Paleontological Journal 37(Suppl. 4):S339-S465 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
63557 M. F. Ivakhnenko. 2008. Cranial morphology and evolution of Permian Dinomorpha (Eotherapsida) of Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 42(9):859-995 [R. Butler/R. Butler/R. Butler]
28657 M. F. Ivakhnenko. 2008. Podklass Parareptilia. In M. F. Ivakhnenko and E. N. Kurotchkin (eds.), Iskopaemye pozvonotchnye Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: Iskopaemye reptilii i ptitsy, Tchast' 1 [Fossil vertebrates of Russia and adjacent countries: Fossil reptiles and birds, Part 1], GEOS, Moscow 49-85 [J. Mueller/T. Liebrecht/T. Liebrecht]
46409 M. F. Ivakhnenko. 2011. Permian and Triassic therocephals (Eutherapsida) of Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 45(9):981-1144 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
43255% 47300A. Riabinin. 1938. Vertebrate fauna from the Upper Permian deposits of the Sviaga Basin. 1. A new dinocephalian, Ulemosaurus svijagensis n. g. n. sp. Annals of the Central Geological and Prospecting Scientific Research Museum (Tschernyschew Museum) 1:4-58 [C. Sidor/C. Sidor/J. Alroy]