Koro Toro - KT 13: Piacenzian, Chad

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia - Primates - Hominidae
Australopithecus sp. Dart 1925
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Ceratotherium cf. praecox
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Hipparion cf. hasumense Eisenmann 1983
recombined as Eurygnathohippus hasumense
Mammalia - Suidae
Notochoerus euilus (Hopwood 1926)
original and current combination Hylochoerus euilus
Kolpochoerus afarensis Cooke 1978
originally entered as "Kolpochoerus afarenis"
Mammalia - Hippopotamidae
Hexaprotodon sp. Falconer and Cautley 1836
Mammalia - Bovidae
Gazella sp. Blaineville 1816
Antidorcas sp. Sundevall 1847
Hippotragini indet. Sundevall 1845
ETE occurrence; species: Hippotragini
Alcelaphini indet. Brookes 1876
ETE occurrence; species: Alcelaphini-sm
cf. Parmularius sp. n. sp. Hopwood 1934
Kobus informal sp. large tail nov.sp.A Smith 1840
ETE occurrence; species: large tail nov.sp.A
Kobus informal sp. tail moyenne,nov.sp.B Smith 1840
ETE occurrence; species: "tail moyenne,nov.sp.B"
Syncerus sp. Hodgson 1847
Mammalia - Giraffidae
Giraffidae indet. Gray 1821
Giraffa cf. gracilis
Sivatherium sp. Falconer and Cautley 1836
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Felis sp. Linnaeus 1758
ETE occurrence; species: taille F.silvestris
Mammalia - Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Hyaena sp. Brisson 1762
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mustelidae
Enhydriodon sp. Falconer 1868
ETE occurrence; species: nov.sp.
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Stegodon kaisensis Hopwood 1939
ETE occurrence; species: stade evolue
Loxodonta aff. exoptata Dietrich 1941
ETE occurrence; species: aff. adaurora
Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Geochelone sp. Fitzinger 1835
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae
originally entered as "Tionyx sp."
Reptilia
Tomistoma sp. Müller 1846
ETE occurrence; species: nov.sp.
Crocodylus lloidi (Fourtau 1918)
recombined as Rimasuchus lloydi
Reptilia - Anseriformes - Anatidae
Anatidae indet. Vigors 1825
ETE occurrence; species: grande taille
    = Anserinae indet. Vigors 1825
Louchart et al. 2004
Reptilia - Suliformes - Anhingidae
Aves indet. Linnaeus 1758
ETE occurrence; species: petit taille
    = Anhinga cf. melanogaster Pennant 1769
Louchart et al. 2004
Reptilia - Ciconiiformes - Ciconiidae
cf. Leptoptilos informal sp. B Lesson 1831
Louchart et al. 2004
Actinopteri - Centropomidae
Lates sp. Cuvier 1828
see common names

Geography
Country:Chad
Coordinates: 16.0° North, 18.9° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:15.9° North, 18.7° East
Time
Period:Neogene Epoch:Pliocene
Stage:Piacenzian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
*Period:Tertiary - Tertiary *Epoch:Pliocene - Pliocene
Key time interval:Piacenzian
Age range of interval:3.60000 - 2.58800 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy comments: ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: "Biochron,fauna like Hadar"

The associated mammal fauna first gives an estimated age at about 3–3.5 Ma in KT12 (Brunet et al., 1995, 1997). Then, cosmogenic nuclide dating of the argileous pelites that yielded the holotype fossil of Australopithecus bahrel- ghazali provided an age of 3.58 +/- 0.27 Ma in KT12 (Lebatard et al., 2008).
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: sandstone
Lithology description: ETE rock type adj: fine, ETE lithology comments: "poor consolidate,fine sndstone"
Environment:fluvial indet.
Geology comments: ETE sed env 1: fluvial, ETE sed env 2: . ETE event: ., ETE env comment: calm sed environ
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,surface (in situ)
Collection size:32 specimens
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collection method comments: ETE Size: .; ETE reference list: 482, ; ETE museum list:
Metadata
Also known as:ETE Locality 1341, Koro Toro 13, Koro Toro - KT 13,
Database number:22506
Authorizer:A. Behrensmeyer, M. Clapham Enterer:A. Behrensmeyer, M. Clapham
Modifier:G. Varnham
Created:2000-04-12 01:00:00 Last modified:2022-02-21 04:30:08
Access level:the public Released:2000-04-12 01:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

5264.ETE 976M. Brunet, A. Beauvilain, Y. Coppens, E. Heintz, A. H. E. Moutaye and D. Pilbeam. 1995. The first australopithecine 2500 kilometres west of the Rift Valley (Chad). Nature 378:273-275 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]

Secondary references:

72220 A. Louchart, C. Mourer-Chauviré, H. Taisso Mackaye, A. Likius, P. Vignaud and M. Brunet. 2004. Les oiseaux du Pliocène inférieur du Djourab, Tchad, Afrique centrale. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 175:413-421 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]