Koro Toro - KT 12: Piacenzian, Chad

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia - Primates - Hominidae
Australopithecus sp. Dart 1925
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Ceratotherium cf. praecox
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Hipparion aff. afarense Eisenmann 1976
recombined as Eurygnathohippus afarense
ETE occurrence; species: aff. afarense/hasumense, mak - species name from unique name
Mammalia - Suidae
Kolpochoerus afarensis Cooke 1978
Mammalia - Hippopotamidae
Hexaprotodon protamphibius (Arambourg 1944)
original and current combination Hippopotamus protamphibius
ETE occurrence; species: 12 turkanensis
Mammalia - Bovidae
Alcelaphini indet. Brookes 1876
ETE occurrence; species: Alcelaphini
Kobus sp. Smith 1840
Bovini indet. Gray 1821
ETE occurrence; species: Bovini
Mammalia - Giraffidae
Giraffidae indet. Gray 1821
Sivatherium sp. Falconer and Cautley 1836
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Loxodonta exoptata Dietrich 1941
Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Geochelone sp. Fitzinger 1835
Reptilia
Tomistoma sp. Müller 1846
Reptilia - Suliformes - Anhingidae
Anhinga cf. melanogaster Pennant 1769
Louchart et al. 2004
see common names

Geography
Country:Chad
Coordinates: 16.0° North, 18.9° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:15.9° North, 18.7° East
Time
Period:Neogene Epoch:Pliocene
Stage:Piacenzian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
*Period:Tertiary - Tertiary *Epoch:Pliocene - Pliocene
Key time interval:Piacenzian
Age range of interval:3.60000 - 2.58800 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy comments: ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: "Biochron,fauna like Hadar"

The associated mammal fauna first gives an estimated age at about 3–3.5 Ma in KT12 (Brunet et al., 1995, 1997). Then, cosmogenic nuclide dating of the argileous pelites that yielded the holotype fossil of Australopithecus bahrel- ghazali provided an age of 3.58 +/- 0.27 Ma in KT12 (Lebatard et al., 2008).
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: sandstone
Lithology description: ETE rock type adj: fine, ETE lithology comments: fine ss
Environment:fluvial-lacustrine indet.
Geology comments: ETE sed env 1: fluv_lacustr, ETE sed env 2: . ETE event: ., ETE env comment: lo-enrgy fluv sys
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,surface (in situ)
Collection size:13 specimens
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collection method comments: ETE Size: .; ETE reference list: 482, ; ETE museum list:
Metadata
Also known as:ETE Locality 1340, Koro Toro 12, Koro Toro - KT 12,
Database number:22505
Authorizer:A. Behrensmeyer, M. Clapham Enterer:A. Behrensmeyer, M. Clapham
Modifier:G. Varnham
Created:2000-04-12 01:00:00 Last modified:2022-02-21 04:29:16
Access level:the public Released:2000-04-12 01:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

5264.ETE 976M. Brunet, A. Beauvilain, Y. Coppens, E. Heintz, A. H. E. Moutaye and D. Pilbeam. 1995. The first australopithecine 2500 kilometres west of the Rift Valley (Chad). Nature 378:273-275 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]

Secondary references:

72220 A. Louchart, C. Mourer-Chauviré, H. Taisso Mackaye, A. Likius, P. Vignaud and M. Brunet. 2004. Les oiseaux du Pliocène inférieur du Djourab, Tchad, Afrique centrale. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 175:413-421 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]