Koro Toro - KT 12: Piacenzian, Chad
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia
- Primates
- Hominidae
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Australopithecus sp.
Dart 1925
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Ceratotherium cf. praecox
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Hipparion aff. afarense
Eisenmann 1976
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recombined as Eurygnathohippus afarense | ||||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: aff. afarense/hasumense, mak - species name from unique name | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Suidae
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Kolpochoerus afarensis
Cooke 1978
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Mammalia
- Hippopotamidae
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Hexaprotodon protamphibius
(Arambourg 1944)
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original and current combination Hippopotamus protamphibius | ||||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: 12 turkanensis | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Alcelaphini indet.
Brookes 1876
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ETE occurrence; species: Alcelaphini | ||||||||||
Kobus sp.
Smith 1840
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Bovini indet.
Gray 1821
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ETE occurrence; species: Bovini | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Giraffidae
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Giraffidae indet.
Gray 1821
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Sivatherium sp.
Falconer and Cautley 1836
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Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Loxodonta exoptata
Dietrich 1941
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Reptilia
- Testudines
- Testudinidae
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Geochelone sp.
Fitzinger 1835
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Reptilia
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Tomistoma sp.
Müller 1846
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Reptilia
- Suliformes
- Anhingidae
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Anhinga cf. melanogaster
Pennant 1769
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Louchart et al. 2004 | |||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | Chad |
Coordinates: | 16.0° North, 18.9° East (view map) |
Paleocoordinates: | 15.9° North, 18.7° East |
Time
Period: | Neogene | Epoch: | Pliocene |
Stage: | Piacenzian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
*Period: | Tertiary - Tertiary | *Epoch: | Pliocene - Pliocene |
Key time interval: | Piacenzian | ||
Age range of interval: | 3.60000 - 2.58800 m.y. ago | ||
* legacy (obsolete) database fields |
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy comments: ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: "Biochron,fauna like Hadar"
The associated mammal fauna first gives an estimated age at about 3–3.5 Ma in KT12 (Brunet et al., 1995, 1997). Then, cosmogenic nuclide dating of the argileous pelites that yielded the holotype fossil of Australopithecus bahrel- ghazali provided an age of 3.58 +/- 0.27 Ma in KT12 (Lebatard et al., 2008). |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | sandstone |
Lithology description: ETE rock type adj: fine, ETE lithology comments: fine ss | |
Environment: | fluvial-lacustrine indet. |
Geology comments: ETE sed env 1: fluv_lacustr, ETE sed env 2: . ETE event: ., ETE env comment: lo-enrgy fluv sys |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods: | selective quarrying,surface (in situ) |
Collection size: | 13 specimens |
Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis |
Collection method comments: ETE Size: .; ETE reference list: 482, ; ETE museum list: |
Metadata
Also known as: | ETE Locality 1340, Koro Toro 12, Koro Toro - KT 12, | ||
Database number: | 22505 | ||
Authorizer: | A. Behrensmeyer, M. Clapham | Enterer: | A. Behrensmeyer, M. Clapham |
Modifier: | G. Varnham | ||
Created: | 2000-04-12 01:00:00 | Last modified: | 2022-02-21 04:29:16 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2000-04-12 01:00:00 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
5264. | ETE 976 | M. Brunet, A. Beauvilain, Y. Coppens, E. Heintz, A. H. E. Moutaye and D. Pilbeam. 1995. The first australopithecine 2500 kilometres west of the Rift Valley (Chad). Nature 378:273-275 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik] |
Secondary references:
72220 | A. Louchart, C. Mourer-Chauviré, H. Taisso Mackaye, A. Likius, P. Vignaud and M. Brunet. 2004. Les oiseaux du Pliocène inférieur du Djourab, Tchad, Afrique centrale. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 175:413-421 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] |