Byeneskranskop Cave: Pleistocene - Holocene, South Africa
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia
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Reptilia indet.
Laurenti 1768
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1091 individuals | |||||||||
ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Chelonia | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Hyracoidea
- Procaviidae
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Procavia capensis
(Pallas 1766)
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9 individuals | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Loxodonta africana
(Blumenbach 1797)
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5 individuals | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Herpestidae
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Herpestes ichneumon
(Linnaeus 1758)
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6 individuals | |||||||||
Herpestes pulverulentus
Wagner 1839
|
6 individuals | |||||||||
recombined as Galerella pulverulenta | ||||||||||
Atilax paludinosus
(Cuvier 1829)
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1 individual | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Hyaenidae
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Hyaena brunnea
Thunberg 1820
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1 individual | |||||||||
= Parahyaena brunnea
Thunberg 1820
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Werdelin and Turner 1996 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Panthera pardus
(Linnaeus 1758)
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1 individual | |||||||||
Felis libyca
Forster 1780
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4 individuals | |||||||||
Felis caracal
Schreber 1776
|
4 individuals | |||||||||
recombined as Caracal caracal | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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Mellivora capensis
(Schreber 1776)
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1 individual | |||||||||
Aonyx capensis
(Schinz 1821)
|
2 individuals | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Otariidae
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Arctocephalus pusillus
(Schreber 1778)
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10 individuals | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Canis mesomelas
Schreber 1775
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5 individuals | |||||||||
recombined as Lupulella mesomelas | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Equus capensis
Broom 1909
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1 individual | |||||||||
Equus quagga
Boddaert 1785
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10 individuals | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Diceros bicornis
(Linnaeus 1758)
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11 individuals | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Hippopotamidae
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Hippopotamus amphibius
Linnaeus 1758
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3 individuals | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Suidae
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Suidae indet.
Gray 1821
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15 individuals | |||||||||
ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Suidae | ||||||||||
Potamochoerus porcus
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
10 individuals | |||||||||
Phacochoerus aethiopicus
(Pallas 1766)
|
1 individual | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Bovidae indet.
Gray 1821
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38 individuals | |||||||||
ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Bovidae-large | ||||||||||
Bovidae indet.
Gray 1821
|
76 individuals | |||||||||
ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Bovidae-small | ||||||||||
Bovidae indet.
Gray 1821
|
17 individuals | |||||||||
ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Bovidae-small/medium | ||||||||||
Bovidae indet.
Gray 1821
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54 individuals | |||||||||
ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Bovidae-medium/large | ||||||||||
Alcelaphus sp.
Blainville 1816
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Connochaetes sp.
(Lichtenstein 1812)
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25 individuals | |||||||||
Damaliscus dorcas
(Pallas 1766)
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3 individuals | |||||||||
Redunca arundinum
(Boddaert 1785)
|
6 individuals | |||||||||
original and current combination Antilope arundinum | ||||||||||
Redunca fulvorufula
(Afzelius 1815)
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2 individuals | |||||||||
Ovis aries
Linnaeus 1758
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2 individuals | |||||||||
Hippotragus leucophaeus
(Pallas 1766)
|
14 individuals | |||||||||
Oreotragus oreotragus
(Zimmermann 1783)
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9 individuals | |||||||||
Raphicerus melanotis
Thunberg 1811
|
21 individuals | |||||||||
Raphicerus campestris
(Thunberg 1811)
|
4 individuals | |||||||||
original and current combination Antilope campestris | ||||||||||
Pelea capreolus
(Forster 1790)
|
2 individuals | |||||||||
original and current combination Antilopa capreolus | ||||||||||
Syncerus caffer
(Sparman 1779)
|
26 individuals | |||||||||
original and current combination Bos caffer | ||||||||||
Taurotragus oryx
(Pallas 1766)
|
7 individuals | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Hystricidae
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Hystrix africaeaustralis
Peters 1852
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3 individuals | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Bathyergidae
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Bathyergus suillus
(Schreber 1787)
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95 individuals | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Lepus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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10 individuals | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Primates
- Cercopithecidae
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Papio ursinus
(Kerr 1792)
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9 individuals | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Primates
- Hominidae
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Homo sapiens
Linnaeus 1758
|
4 individuals | |||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | South Africa |
Coordinates: | 34.6° South, 19.5° East (view map) |
Paleocoordinates: | 34.6° South, 19.4° East |
Time
Period: | Quaternary |
*Epoch: | Middle - Late/Upper Pleistocene |
*International age/stage: | Holocene (minimum) |
Key time interval: | Pleistocene - Holocene |
Age range of interval: | 2.58800 - 0.00000 m.y. ago |
* legacy (obsolete) database fields |
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy comments: ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: dates on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min |
Lithology and environment
Lithology description: ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: 0 | |
Environment: | cave |
Geology comments: ETE sed env 1: karst, ETE sed env 2: cave ETE event: ., ETE env comment: cave deposit |
Taphonomy
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods: | bulk,selective quarrying |
Collection size: | 1730 specimens |
Collection method comments: ETE Size: macro; ETE reference list: 481, 478, 477, ; ETE museum list: |
Metadata
Also known as: | ETE Locality 770, Byeneskranskop Cave, | ||
Database number: | 21951 | ||
Authorizer: | A. Behrensmeyer, A. Turner, R. Potts | Enterer: | A. Behrensmeyer, J. Damuth, H. O'Regan, R. Potts |
Modifier: | M. Kosnik | ||
Created: | 1997-05-13 00:00:00 | Last modified: | 2017-05-23 16:34:15 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 1997-05-13 00:00:00 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
5250. | ETE 962 | R. G. Klein. 1981. Later Stone Age Subsistence at Byeneskranskop, South Africa. In: Harding, R.S.O. and Telecki, G. eds., Omnivorous Primates: Gathering and Hunting in Human Evolution. Columbia University Press, New York [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik] |
Secondary references:
10899 | PACED | L. Werdelin and A. Turner. 1996. The fossil and living Hyaenidae of Africa: present status. in K. M. Stewart and K.L. Semour (eds.) Palaeoecology and palaeoenvironments of Late Cenozoic mammals: Tributes to the career of C.S. (Rufus) Churcher. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. 637-659 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |