Byeneskranskop Cave: Pleistocene - Holocene, South Africa

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia
Reptilia indet. Laurenti 1768
1091 individuals
ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Chelonia
Mammalia - Hyracoidea - Procaviidae
Procavia capensis (Pallas 1766)
9 individuals
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach 1797)
5 individuals
Mammalia - Carnivora - Herpestidae
Herpestes ichneumon (Linnaeus 1758)
6 individuals
Herpestes pulverulentus Wagner 1839
6 individuals
recombined as Galerella pulverulenta
Atilax paludinosus (Cuvier 1829)
1 individual
Mammalia - Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Hyaena brunnea Thunberg 1820
1 individual
    = Parahyaena brunnea Thunberg 1820
Werdelin and Turner 1996
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Panthera pardus (Linnaeus 1758)
1 individual
Felis libyca Forster 1780
4 individuals
Felis caracal Schreber 1776
4 individuals
recombined as Caracal caracal
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mustelidae
Mellivora capensis (Schreber 1776)
1 individual
Aonyx capensis (Schinz 1821)
2 individuals
Mammalia - Carnivora - Otariidae
Arctocephalus pusillus (Schreber 1778)
10 individuals
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Canis mesomelas Schreber 1775
5 individuals
recombined as Lupulella mesomelas
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Equus capensis Broom 1909
1 individual
Equus quagga Boddaert 1785
10 individuals
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Diceros bicornis (Linnaeus 1758)
11 individuals
Mammalia - Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus 1758
3 individuals
Mammalia - Suidae
Suidae indet. Gray 1821
15 individuals
ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Suidae
Potamochoerus porcus (Linnaeus 1758)
10 individuals
Phacochoerus aethiopicus (Pallas 1766)
1 individual
Mammalia - Bovidae
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821
38 individuals
ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Bovidae-large
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821
76 individuals
ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Bovidae-small
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821
17 individuals
ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Bovidae-small/medium
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821
54 individuals
ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Bovidae-medium/large
Alcelaphus sp. Blainville 1816
Connochaetes sp. (Lichtenstein 1812)
25 individuals
Damaliscus dorcas (Pallas 1766)
3 individuals
Redunca arundinum (Boddaert 1785)
6 individuals
original and current combination Antilope arundinum
Redunca fulvorufula (Afzelius 1815)
2 individuals
Ovis aries Linnaeus 1758
2 individuals
Hippotragus leucophaeus (Pallas 1766)
14 individuals
Oreotragus oreotragus (Zimmermann 1783)
9 individuals
Raphicerus melanotis Thunberg 1811
21 individuals
Raphicerus campestris (Thunberg 1811)
4 individuals
original and current combination Antilope campestris
Pelea capreolus (Forster 1790)
2 individuals
original and current combination Antilopa capreolus
Syncerus caffer (Sparman 1779)
26 individuals
original and current combination Bos caffer
Taurotragus oryx (Pallas 1766)
7 individuals
Mammalia - Rodentia - Hystricidae
Hystrix africaeaustralis Peters 1852
3 individuals
Mammalia - Rodentia - Bathyergidae
Bathyergus suillus (Schreber 1787)
95 individuals
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Lepus sp. Linnaeus 1758
10 individuals
Mammalia - Primates - Cercopithecidae
Papio ursinus (Kerr 1792)
9 individuals
Mammalia - Primates - Hominidae
Homo sapiens Linnaeus 1758
4 individuals
see common names

Geography
Country:South Africa
Coordinates: 34.6° South, 19.5° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:34.6° South, 19.4° East
Time
Period:Quaternary
*Epoch:Middle - Late/Upper Pleistocene
*International age/stage:Holocene (minimum)
Key time interval:Pleistocene - Holocene
Age range of interval:2.58800 - 0.00000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy comments: ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: dates on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min
Lithology and environment
Lithology description: ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: 0
Environment:cave
Geology comments: ETE sed env 1: karst, ETE sed env 2: cave ETE event: ., ETE env comment: cave deposit
Taphonomy
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:bulk,selective quarrying
Collection size:1730 specimens
Collection method comments: ETE Size: macro; ETE reference list: 481, 478, 477, ; ETE museum list:
Metadata
Also known as:ETE Locality 770, Byeneskranskop Cave,
Database number:21951
Authorizer:A. Behrensmeyer, A. Turner, R. Potts Enterer:A. Behrensmeyer, J. Damuth, H. O'Regan, R. Potts
Modifier:M. Kosnik
Created:1997-05-13 00:00:00 Last modified:2017-05-23 16:34:15
Access level:the public Released:1997-05-13 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

5250.ETE 962R. G. Klein. 1981. Later Stone Age Subsistence at Byeneskranskop, South Africa. In: Harding, R.S.O. and Telecki, G. eds., Omnivorous Primates: Gathering and Hunting in Human Evolution. Columbia University Press, New York [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]

Secondary references:

10899PACED L. Werdelin and A. Turner. 1996. The fossil and living Hyaenidae of Africa: present status. in K. M. Stewart and K.L. Semour (eds.) Palaeoecology and palaeoenvironments of Late Cenozoic mammals: Tributes to the career of C.S. (Rufus) Churcher. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. 637-659 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]