Buffelskloof: Pleistocene - Holocene, South Africa
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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unclassified
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Bunolagus monticularis
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11 individuals | |||||||||
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Reptilia
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Reptilia indet.
Laurenti 1768
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94 individuals | |||||||||
| ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Chelonia | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Struthioniformes
- Struthionidae
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Struthio camelus
Linnaeus 1758
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2 individuals | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Hyracoidea
- Procaviidae
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Procavia capensis
(Pallas 1766)
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18 individuals | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Loxodonta africana
(Blumenbach 1797)
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1 individual | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Canis mesomelas
Schreber 1775
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1 individual | |||||||||
| recombined as Lupulella mesomelas | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Herpestidae
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Herpestes pulverulentus
Wagner 1839
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2 individuals | |||||||||
| recombined as Galerella pulverulenta | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Panthera leo
(Linnaeus 1758)
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1 individual | |||||||||
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Felis libyca
Forster 1780
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2 individuals | |||||||||
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Felis caracal
Schreber 1776
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1 individual | |||||||||
| recombined as Caracal caracal | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Equus zebra
Linnaeus 1758
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14 individuals | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Diceros bicornis
(Linnaeus 1758)
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2 individuals | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Hippopotamidae
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Hippopotamus amphibius
Linnaeus 1758
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1 individual | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Suidae
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Suidae indet.
Gray 1821
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6 individuals | |||||||||
| ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Suidae | ||||||||||
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Phacochoerus aethiopicus
(Pallas 1766)
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3 individuals | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Bovidae indet.
Gray 1821
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12 individuals | |||||||||
| ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Bovidae-large | ||||||||||
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Bovidae indet.
Gray 1821
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34 individuals | |||||||||
| ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Bovidae-small | ||||||||||
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Bovidae indet.
Gray 1821
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6 individuals | |||||||||
| ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Bovidae-small/medium | ||||||||||
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Bovidae indet.
Gray 1821
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14 individuals | |||||||||
| ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Bovidae-medium/large | ||||||||||
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Oreotragus oreotragus
(Zimmermann 1783)
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9 individuals | |||||||||
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Raphicerus melanotis
Thunberg 1811
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1 individual | |||||||||
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Raphicerus campestris
(Thunberg 1811)
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3 individuals | |||||||||
| original and current combination Antilope campestris | ||||||||||
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Sylvicapra grimmia
(Linnaeus 1758)
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3 individuals | |||||||||
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Connochaetes gnou
(Zimmermann 1780)
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Alcelaphus buselaphus
Pallas 1766
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10 individuals | |||||||||
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Redunca fulvorufula
(Afzelius 1815)
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1 individual | |||||||||
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Tragelaphus strepsiceros
(Pallas 1766)
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1 individual | |||||||||
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Taurotragus oryx
(Pallas 1766)
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4 individuals | |||||||||
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Syncerus caffer
(Sparman 1779)
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5 individuals | |||||||||
| original and current combination Bos caffer | ||||||||||
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Bos taurus
Linnaeus 1758
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2 individuals | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Lepus capensis
Linnaeus 1758
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6 individuals | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Hystricidae
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Hystrix africaeaustralis
Peters 1852
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2 individuals | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Primates
- Cercopithecidae
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Papio ursinus
(Kerr 1792)
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9 individuals | |||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | South Africa |
| Coordinates: | 33.5° South, 21.9° East (view map) |
| Paleocoordinates: | 33.5° South, 21.8° East |
| Geographic resolution: | local area |
Time
| Period: | Quaternary |
| 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 | *Epoch: | Middle - Late/Upper Pleistocene |
| *International age/stage: | Holocene (minimum) |
| Key time interval: | Pleistocene - Holocene |
| Age range of interval: | 2.58000 - 0.00000 m.y. ago |
| * legacy (obsolete) database fields | |
Stratigraphy
| Stratigraphy comments: ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: 4322575 +- 270; 3840 +- 80; dates on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min |
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | sandstone |
| Lithology description: ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: cut in Enon conglomerate; two layers of coarse sand | |
| Environment: | cave |
| Geology comments: ETE sed env 1: karst, ETE sed env 2: cave ETE event: ., ETE env comment: rock shelter filled with eolian deposits | |
Taphonomy
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | selective quarrying |
| Collection size: | 371 specimens |
| Collection method comments: ETE Size: macro; ETE reference list: 483, 482, 481, 480, 479, 478, 477, ; ETE museum list: | |
Metadata
| Also known as: | ETE Locality 769, Buffelskloof, | ||
| Database number: | 21950 | ||
| Authorizer: | A. Behrensmeyer, R. Potts | Enterer: | A. Behrensmeyer, J. Damuth, R. Potts |
| Modifier: | M. Kosnik | ||
| Created: | 1997-05-13 00:00:00 | Last modified: | 2017-05-23 16:34:15 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 1997-05-13 00:00:00 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY | ||
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 5249. | ETE 961 | H. Opperman. 1978. Excavations in the Buffelskoof Rock Shelter near Calitzdorp, Southern Cape. South African Archaeological Bulletin 33:18-38 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik] |