Swartkrans - Member 3: Pleistocene, South Africa

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Amphibia
Amphibia indet. Linnaeus 1758
9 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: frog/toad
Mammalia
Mammalia indet. Linnaeus 1758
117 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Mammalia
Mammalia indet. Linnaeus 1758
191 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Carnivora
Mammalia - Rodentia - Hystricidae
Hystrix africaeaustralis Peters 1852
5 specimens
Mammalia - Rodentia - Pedetidae
Pedetes sp. Illiger 1811
3 specimens
Mammalia - Lagomorpha
Lagomorpha indet. Brandt 1885
71 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Lagomorpha
Mammalia - Primates - Cercopithecidae
Cercopithecidae indet. Gray 1821
244 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Cercopithecidae
Theropithecus oswaldi (Andrews 1916)
4 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: danieli
Papio robinsoni Freedman 1957
Mammalia - Primates - Hominidae
Hominidae indet. Gray 1825
11 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Hominidae
Australopithecus robustus Broom 1938
12 specimens
recombined as Paranthropus robustus
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Equidae indet. Gray 1821
21 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Equidae
Hipparion lybicum
13 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Steytleri
Equus burchelli Gray 1824
4 specimens
recombined as Equus quagga burchelli
Equus capensis Broom 1909
36 specimens
Mammalia - Suidae
Suidae indet. Gray 1821
23 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Suidae
cf. Tapinochoerus meadowsi
6 specimens
synonym of Metridiochoerus
Phacochoerus sp. Cuvier 1826
12 specimens
Mammalia - Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamus sp. Linnaeus 1758
1 specimen
Mammalia - Bovidae
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821
146 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Bovidae size I
Bovidae informal indet. size II Gray 1821
731 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Bovidae size II
Bovidae informal indet. size III Gray 1821
520 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Bovidae size III
Bovidae informal indet.size IV Gray 1821
57 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Bovidae size IV
Bovidae informal indet. Hippo./Reduncini Gray 1821
5 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Hippo./Reduncini
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821
2125 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Bovidae
cf. Gazella sp. Blaineville 1816
25 specimens
Raphicerus campestris (Thunberg 1811)
9 specimens
original and current combination Antilope campestris
Oreotragus oreotragus (Zimmermann 1783)
4 specimens
Antilopini indet. Gray 1821
8 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Antilopini
Antidorcas australis (Hendey and Hendey 1968)
83 specimens
original and current combination Antidorcas marsupialis australis
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: or marsupialis
Hippotragus cf. niger Harris 1838
5 specimens
Alcelaphini indet. Brookes 1876
ETE occurrence; species: Alcelaphini
Beatragus sp. Heller 1912
54 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: or Alcelaphus
Damaliscus sp. Sclater and Thomas 1894
80 specimens
Megalotragus sp. van Hoepen 1932
7 specimens
Connochaetes sp. (Lichtenstein 1812)
197 specimens
Pelea sp. Gray 1851
6 specimens
Tragelaphus strepsiceros (Pallas 1766)
2 specimens
Taurotragus oryx (Pallas 1766)
8 specimens
Syncerus sp. Hodgson 1847
9 specimens
Mammalia - Giraffidae
Giraffidae indet. Gray 1821
2 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Giraffidae
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Megantereon cultridens (Cuvier 1824)
2 specimens
Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber 1775)
1 specimen
Panthera pardus (Linnaeus 1758)
53 specimens
Felis cf. libyca Forster 1780
2 specimens
originally entered as "Felis cf. lybica"
Mammalia - Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Hyaenidae indet. Gray 1821
67 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Hyaenidae
Hyaena brunnea Thunberg 1820
15 specimens
    = Parahyaena brunnea Thunberg 1820
Werdelin and Turner 1996
Chasmaporthetes nitidula Ewer 1955
4 specimens
Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben 1777)
3 specimens
Proteles sp. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1824
1 specimen
Mammalia - Carnivora - Herpestidae
Herpestidae indet. (Bonaparte 1845)
12 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: mongoose; originally entered as "Viverridae indet."
Atilax sp. Cuvier 1826
3 specimens
Suricata suricatta (Schreber 1776)
6 specimens
Cynictis penicillata (Cuvier 1829)
4 specimens
Mammalia - Carnivora - Viverridae
Viverridae indet. Gray 1821
3 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Viverridae
cf. Genetta tigrina (Schreber 1776)
1 specimen
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mustelidae
Aonyx capensis (Schinz 1821)
5 specimens
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Canidae informal indet. large Fischer de Waldheim 1817
14 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Canidae-large
Canidae indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817
1 specimen
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Canidae
Canis cf. mesomelas Schreber 1775
95 specimens
recombined as Lupulella mesomelas
Vulpes chama (Smith 1833)
17 specimens
Mammalia - Pholidota - Manidae
Manis sp. Linnaeus 1758
1 specimen
Mammalia - Hyracoidea - Procaviidae
Procavia antiqua Broom 1934
212 specimens
Procavia transvaalensis Shaw 1937
31 specimens
Mammalia - Tubulidentata - Orycteropodidae
Orycteropus afer (Pallas 1766)
1 specimen
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae
cf. Elephas sp. Linnaeus 1758
2 specimens
Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Testudinidae indet. Batsch 1788
58 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Testudinidae
Reptilia
Aves indet. Linnaeus 1758
130 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Aves
Aves indet. Linnaeus 1758
283 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Aves size II
Aves informal indet. size I Linnaeus 1758
40 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Aves size I
Aves informal indet. size III Linnaeus 1758
50 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Aves size III
Aves informal indet. size IV Linnaeus 1758
19 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Aves size IV
Reptilia - Ciconiiformes - Plataleidae
Plataleidae indet. Bonaparte 1838
2 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: ibis
Reptilia - Phasianidae
Phasianidae indet. Horsfield 1821
9 specimens
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: francolin
unclassified
Antidorcas recki (Schwartz 1932)
1 specimen
original and current combination Adenota recki
see common names

Geography
Country:South Africa
Coordinates: 26.0° South, 27.7° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:26.2° South, 27.6° East
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Quaternary Epoch:Pleistocene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
*Period:Quaternary - Quaternary *Epoch:Pleistocene - Pleistocene
Key time interval:Pleistocene
Age range of interval:2.58800 - 0.01170 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Transvaal Formation:Swartkrans Member:13
Stratigraphy comments: ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: age based on faunal evidence, approx. 1 mya
Lithology and environment
Lithology description: ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: 0
Taphonomy
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying
Collection size:6153 specimens
Collection method comments: ETE Size: both; ETE reference list: 486, 485, 483, 482, 481, 479, 478, 454, ; ETE museum list: TM
Metadata
Also known as:ETE Locality 646, Fire Member, Swartkrans - Member 3,
Database number:21828
Authorizer:A. Behrensmeyer, R. Potts, A. Turner Enterer:A. Behrensmeyer, H. O'Regan, J. Damuth, R. Potts
Modifier:J. Alroy
Created:1995-10-17 00:00:00 Last modified:2017-05-23 16:34:15
Access level:the public Released:1995-10-17 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

4888.ETE 599T. C. Partridge. 1986. Palaeoecology of the Pliocene and lower Pleistocene hominids of southern Africa: how good is the chronological and paleoenvironmental evidence?. South African Journal of Science 82:80-83 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]

Secondary references:

10899PACED L. Werdelin and A. Turner. 1996. The fossil and living Hyaenidae of Africa: present status. in K. M. Stewart and K.L. Semour (eds.) Palaeoecology and palaeoenvironments of Late Cenozoic mammals: Tributes to the career of C.S. (Rufus) Churcher. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. 637-659 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]