PBDB Collection

East Turkana - Area 105 - KBS: Gelasian - Calabrian, Kenya

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

unclassified

	Pelecypodichnus sp.	Feibel 1988
	ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name; trace fossil
Mammalia - Primates - Hominidae

	Hominidae indet. Gray 1825	Isaac 1997	1 specimen
	Hominidae gen. et sp. indet.

	Australopithecus boisei Leakey 1959	Isaac 1997	3 specimens
	recombined as Paranthropus boisei

	Australopithecus cf. boisei Leakey 1959	Isaac 1997	2 specimens
	recombined as Paranthropus boisei

	Homo indet. Linnaeus 1758	Isaac 1997	2 specimens

	Homo sp. Linnaeus 1758	Isaac 1997	1 specimen
	Homo sp. nov.

	Homo cf. habilis Leakey et al. 1964	Isaac 1997	1 specimen
Mammalia - Primates - Cercopithecidae

	Cercopithecoides kimeui Leakey 1982	Leakey 1982	3 specimens
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

	Equus indet. Linnaeus 1758	Eisenmann 1983	6 specimens

	Equus koobiforensis	Eisenmann 1983	5 specimens

	Equus cf. koobiforensis	Eisenmann 1983	1 specimen
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae

	Diceros bicornis (Linnaeus 1758)	Harris 1983	1 specimen

	Ceratotherium simum (Burchell 1821)	Harris 1983	3 specimens
	ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: germanoafricanum
Mammalia - Hippopotamidae

	Hexaprotodon karumensis Coryndon 1977	Harris 1991	1 specimen
	recombined as Hippopotamus karumensis
Mammalia - Giraffidae

	Giraffa sp. Brisson 1762	Harris 1991	3 specimens

	Giraffa stillei Arambourg 1947	Harris 1991	2 specimens

	Giraffa pygmaea Harris 1976	Harris 1991	1 specimen

	Giraffa jumae Leakey 1967	Harris 1991	1 specimen
Mammalia - Bovidae

	Raphicerus sp. Smith 1827	Harris 1991	1 specimen

	Alcelaphini indet. Brookes 1876	Harris 1991	2 specimens
	Medium-sized Alcelaphini dentitions

	Alcelaphini indet. Brookes 1876	Harris 1991	1 specimen
	Small Alcelaphini dentitions

	Damaliscus eppsi Harris 1991	Zurita et al. 2013	1 specimen

	Megalotragus isaaci	Zurita et al. 2013	13 specimens

	Reduncini indet. Knottnerus-Meyer 1907	Harris 1991	4 specimens
	Reduncini gen. and sp. indet.

	Kobus sigmoidalis Arambourg 1941	Harris 1991	6 specimens

	Oryx sp. de Blainville 1816	Harris 1991	1 specimen

	Pelorovis oldowayensis Reck 1928	Harris 1991	1 specimen

	Pelorovis turkanensis Harris 1991	Harris 1991	3 specimens

	Tragelaphini indet. Blyth 1863	Harris 1991	3 specimens
	Tragelaphini gen. and sp. indet.

	Tragelaphus strepsiceros (Pallas 1766)	Harris 1991	4 specimens

	Gazella praethomsoni Arambourg 1947	Harris 1991	1 specimen
Mammalia - Suidae

	Notochoerus scotti (Leakey 1943)	Harris 1983	2 specimens
	original and current combination Gerontochoerus scotti

	Kolpochoerus limnetes (Hopwood 1926)	Harris 1983	5 specimens

	Metridiochoerus andrewsi Hopwood 1926	Harris 1983	65 specimens
Mammalia - Sivatheridae

	Sivatherium maurusium (Pomel 1893)	Harris 1991	7 specimens
	original and current combination Libytherium maurusium
Reptilia

	Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni n. sp. Brochu and Storrs 2012	Brochu and Storrs 2012
	KNM-ER 1683 - type (skull and lower jaw)
Bivalvia - Unionida - Mutelidae

	Mutela nilotica Crosse 1881	Feibel 1988
Ostracoda

	Ostracoda indet. Latreille 1802	Feibel 1988
see common names

Geography

Country:	Kenya
Coordinates:	4.1° North, 36.4° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	4.0° North, 36.2° East
Geographic resolution:	local area

Time

Period:	Quaternary	Epoch:	Pleistocene
10 m.y. bin:	Cenozoic 6
*Period:	Early/Lower Quaternary - Early/Lower Quaternary	*Epoch:	Early/Lower Pleistocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene
Key time interval:	Gelasian - Calabrian
Age range of interval:	2.58000 - 0.77400 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields

Stratigraphy

Formation:	Koobi Fora	Member:	KBS
Local section:	KBS Tuff	Local bed:	KBS Tuff
Local order:	bottom to top
Stratigraphic resolution:	member
Stratigraphy comments: ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: ages based on KBS and Okote Tuffs radiometric intage_min KBS Tuff: 1.88 Ma (K/Ar + Ar/Ar); Okote Tuff: 1.64 +-0.3 (member goesfrom base of KBS to base of Okote)

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	burrows,bioturbation,tuffaceous,intraclastic,red or brown poorly lithified silty,sandy "siliciclastic"
Secondary lithology:	poorly lithified siltstone
Includes fossils?	Y
Includes fossils?	Y
Lithology description: ETE rock type adj: ., ETE lithology comments: mudstones, caliche
Environment:	fluvial indet.	Tectonic setting:	rift
Geology comments: ETE sed env 1: fluvial, ETE sed env 2: channel ETE event: ., ETE env comment: .

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	trace,permineralized,original calcite,original sporopollenin,replaced with calcite,replaced with hematite
Degree of concentration:	dispersed
Size of fossils:	macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:	good
Associated major elements:	some
Disassociated major elements:	many
Disassociated minor elements:	some
Fragmentation:	frequent
Feeding/predation traces:	fractures
Temporal resolution:	time-averaged
Spatial resolution:	parautochthonous

Collection methods and comments

Collection excludes:	some macrofossils
Collection methods:	selective quarrying,surface (float),surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection
Collection size:	163 specimens
Reason for describing collection:	taxonomic analysis
Collection method comments: ETE Size: .; ETE reference list: 123, 121, 88, ; ETE museum list: NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF KENYA

Metadata

Also known as:

ETE Locality 209, Area 105 - KBS

Database number:

21396

Authorizer:

A. Behrensmeyer, P. Mannion

Enterer:

A. Behrensmeyer, P. Mannion, V. Egerton

Modifier:

G. Varnham

Collections that are a subset of this one:

32051, 32053, 32118

Created:

1993-02-12 00:00:00

Last modified:

2022-04-05 04:45:37

Access level:

the public

Released:

1993-02-12 00:00:00

Creative Commons license:

CC BY

Reference information

Primary reference:

4730.

ETE 409

J. M. Harris. 1991. Koobi Fora Research Project, Vol III, The Fossil Ungulates: Geology, Fossil Artiodactyls and Paleoenvironments. Oxford University Press, New York [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]

Secondary references:

46593		C. A. Brochu and G. W. Storrs. 2012. A giant crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene of Kenya, the phylogenetic relationships of Neogene African crocodylines, and the antiquity of Crocodylus in Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32(3):587-602 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
4736	ETE 415	F. H. Brown and C. S. Feibel. 1987. Revision of Lithostratigraphic Nomenclature in the Koobi Fora Region, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, London 143:297-310 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]
10216	ETE	V. Eisenmann. 1983. Family Equidae. Koobi Fora Research Project: The Fossil Ungulates: Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, and Suidae 2:156-214 [A. Behrensmeyer/V. Egerton/V. Egerton]
4735	ETE 414	C. S. Feibel. 1988. Paleoenvironments of the Koobi Fora Formation, Turkana Basin, Northern Kenya. [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Uhen]
4486	ETE 121	C. S. Feibel, F.H. Brown, and I. McDougall. 1989. Stratigraphic Context of Fossil hominids from the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78:595-622 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]
10217	ETE	J. M. Harris. 1983. Family Suidae. Koobi Fora Research Project: The Fossil Ungulates: Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, and Suidae 2:215-302 [A. Behrensmeyer/V. Egerton/V. Egerton]
10231	ETE	J. M. Harris. 1983. Family Rhinocerotidae. Koobi Fora Research Project: The Fossil Ungulates: Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, and Suidae 2:130-155 [A. Behrensmeyer/V. Egerton/V. Egerton]
4469	ETE 104	J. M. Harris. 1983. Koobi Fora Research Project The Fossil Ungulates: Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, Suidae. Clarendon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom 2 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/V. Egerton]
10321	ETE	J. M. Harris. 1991. Family Bovidae. Koobi Fora Research Project: The Fossil Ungulates: Geology, Fossil Artiodactyls, and Palaeoenvironments 3:139-320 [A. Behrensmeyer/V. Egerton/V. Egerton]
10320	ETE	J. M. Harris. 1991. Family Giraffidae. Koobi Fora Research Project: The Fossil Ungulates: Geology, Fossil Artiodactyls, and Palaeoenvironments 3:93-138 [A. Behrensmeyer/V. Egerton/V. Egerton]
8610	ETE	G. L. Isaac. 1997. Koobi Fora Research Project Volume 5 Plio-Pleistocene Archaeology. [A. Behrensmeyer/S. Cote/S. Cote]
4447	ETE 81	M. G. Leakey. 1982. Extinct large Colobines from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 58:153-172 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]
4732	ETE 411	M. G. Leakey and R.E.F. Leakey. 1978. Koobi Fora Research Project: The Fossil Hominids and an Introduction to Their Context, 1968 - 1974. Oxford University Press, New York I [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]
4488	ETE 123	I. McDougall. 1985. K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar Dating of the Hominid-Bearing Plio-Pleistocene Sequence at Koobi Fora, Lake Turkana, Northern Kenya. Geological Society of America Bulletin 96:159-175 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]
4733	ETE 412	B. Wood. 1991. Koobi Fora Research Project: Hominid Cranial Remains. Oxford University Press, New York IV [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]
47321		A. E. Zurita, L. R. González Ruiz, A. J. Gómez-Cruz and J. E. Arenas-Mosquera. 2013. The most complete known Neogene Glyptodontidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from northern South America: taxonomic, paleobiogeographic, and phylogenetic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33(3):696-708 [C. Jaramillo/M. Vallejo/A. Cárdenas]