Leisey Shell Pit 1A: Irvingtonian, Florida

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Hyalopyrgus aequicostatus
Thecostraca
Cirripedia indet. Rafinesque 1816
Malacostraca
Malacostraca indet. (Latreille 1802)
"two crabs"
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Physidae
Physella sp. Haldeman 1849
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Planorbidae
Planorbella scalaris
Bivalvia - Ostreida - Ostreidae
Ostrea sp. Linnaeus 1758
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Veneridae
Chione cancellata (Linnaeus 1767)
Bivalvia - Carditida - Carditidae
Carditamera floridana Conrad 1838
unclassified
Bryozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1831
Polychaeta
Polychaeta indet. Grube 1850
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Mammutidae
Mammut americanum (Kerr 1792)
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Mammuthus sp. Brookes 1828
    = Mammuthus hayi Barbour 1915
Webb and Dudley 1995
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Cuvieronius sp. Osborn 1923
    = Cuvieronius tropicus Cope 1884
Webb and Dudley 1995
Mammalia - Cingulata - Pachyarmatheriidae
Glyptotherium sp. Osborn 1903
    = Pachyarmatherium leiseyi n. sp. Downing and White 1995
Downing and White 1995
said to be new
Mammalia - Cingulata - Pampatheriidae
Holmesina cf. floridanus (Robertson 1976)
Mammalia - Cingulata - Dasypodidae
Dasypus bellus (Simpson 1929)
Mammalia - Nothrotheriidae
Nothrotheriops sp. Hoffstetter 1954
    = Nothrotheriops texanus Hay 1916
Akersten and McDonald 1991
original and current combination Nothrotherium texanum
see also McDonald 1995
Mammalia - Mylodontidae
Glossotherium harlani (Owen 1840)
    = Paramylodon harlani Owen 1840
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Equus sp. Linnaeus 1758
said to be new; E. (Hemionus) according to Hulbert 1995b
Equus cf. fraternus Leidy 1858
Equus leidyi Hay 1913
nomen vanum belonging to Equus
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Tapirus haysii Leidy 1860
recombined as Tapirus (Helicotapirus) haysii
Mammalia - Cervidae
Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann 1780)
Mammalia - Camelidae
Palaeolama sp. Gervais 1869
    = Palaeolama mirifica Simpson 1929
Pratt and Hulbert 1995
compatible with Webb and Stehli 1995
Hemiauchenia macrocephala (Cope 1893)
Mammalia - Tayassuidae
Mylohyus cf. nasutus (Leidy 1868)
(1 measurement)
    = Mylohyus cf. fossilis Leidy 1860
Alroy 2002
Platygonus cf. vetus Leidy 1882
(1 measurement)
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Felis rufus (Schreber 1777)
    = Lynx rufus Schreber 1777
Alroy 2002
Homotherium sp. Fabrini 1890
Smilodon gracilis Cope 1880
Mammalia - Carnivora - Phocidae
Monachus tropicalis (Gray 1850)
Berta 1995
recombined as Neomonachus tropicalis
Mammalia - Carnivora - Ursidae
Arctodus pristinus Leidy 1854
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mustelidae
Lutra canadensis (Schreber 1776)
    = Lontra canadensis Schreber 1776
Berta 1995
"L. sp."
Mammalia - Carnivora - Procyonidae
Procyon sp. Storr 1780
    = Procyon lotor Linnaeus 1758
Berta 1995
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Canis armbrusteri Gidley 1913
Canis edwardii Gazin 1942
Urocyon sp. Baird 1857
    = Urocyon cinereoargenteus Schreber 1775
Berta 1995
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
cf. Sylvilagus sp. Gray 1867
possibly S. floridanus according to Morgan and White 1995
Lepus sp. Linnaeus 1758
    = Lepus cf. townsendii Bachman 1839
Morgan and White 1995
Mammalia - Rodentia - Geomyidae
Geomys pinetis Rafinesque 1817
Mammalia - Rodentia - Castoridae
Castoroides ohioensis Foster 1838
    = Castoroides leiseyorum n. sp. Morgan and White 1995
Morgan and White 1995
synonym of Castoroides dilophidus
Mammalia - Rodentia - Hydrochaeridae
Hydrochoerus sp. Brisson 1762
    = Hydrochaeridae indet. Gill 1872
Morgan and White 1995
misspelling Hydrochoeridae
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cricetidae
Microtus sp. Schrank 1798
    = Pedomys sp. Baird 1858
Morgan and White 1995
synonym of Microtus
same as Haile 16A species
Sigmodon sp. Say and Ord 1825
    = Sigmodon libitinus Martin 1979
Morgan and White 1995
Reptilia - Colubridae
cf. Thamnophis sp. Fitzinger 1843
Meylan 1995
Elaphe sp. Wagler 1833
    = cf. Elaphe obsoleta Say 1823
Meylan 1995
Reptilia - Crotalidae
Agkistrodon piscivorous Lacépède
    = cf. Agkistrodon piscivorous Lacépède
Meylan 1995
Crotalus adamanteus Palisot de Beauvois 1799
    = cf. Crotalus adamanteus Palisot de Beauvois 1799
Meylan 1995
Reptilia - Anguidae
Ophisaurus compressus Cope 1900
Meylan 1995
Reptilia - Testudines - Chelydridae
Macroclemys temmincki (Troost 1835)
recombined as Macrochelys temminckii
Chelydra floridana (Hay 1907)
Thomas et al. 2014
synonym of Chelydra serpentina
replaces record of "Macroclemys temmincki"
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae
Apalone ferox (Schneider 1783)
recombined as Platypeltis ferox
Reptilia - Testudines - Emydidae
Trachemys scripta (Schoepff 1792)
Pseudemys sp. Gray 1856
Meylan 1995
Terrapene carolina (Linnaeus 1758)
Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Geochelone crassiscutata (Leidy 1889)
    = Hesperotestudo crassicutata
Meylan 1995
Geochelone sp. Fitzinger 1835
"incisa-group"
    = Hesperotestudo mlynarskii
Meylan 1995
Gopherus polyphemus (Daudin 1802)
Reptilia - Testudines - Cheloniidae
cf. Cheloniidae indet. Bonaparte 1832
    = cf. Caretta caretta Linnaeus 1758
Meylan 1995
Reptilia - Testudines - Kinosternoidea
Kinosternon sp. von Spix 1824
Reptilia
Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin 1801)
Reptilia - Charadriiformes - Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostra sp. Linnaeus 1758
Emslie 1995
Reptilia - Teratornithidae
Teratornis merriami Miller 1909
Emslie 1995
Reptilia - Gaviidae
Gavia concinna Wetmore 1940
Emslie 1995
Reptilia - Ciconiiformes - Ciconiidae
Ciconia maltha Miller 1910
Emslie 1995
Reptilia - Pelecaniformes - Pelecanidae
Pelecanus cf. erythrorhynchos Gmelin 1789
Emslie 1995
Reptilia - Pelecaniformes - Threskiornithidae
Eudocimus leiseyi n. sp. Emslie 1995
Emslie 1995
Ajaia chione n. sp.
Emslie 1995
synonym of Platalea
Reptilia - Pelecaniformes - Ardeidae
Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus 1758)
Emslie 1995
original and current combination Ardea alba
Egretta cf. tricolor (Statius Muller 1776)
Emslie 1995
Reptilia - Suliformes - Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocorax sp. Brisson 1760
Emslie 1995
large species
Reptilia - Anseriformes - Anatidae
Branta dickeyi (Miller 1924)
Emslie 1995
Branta canadensis (Linnaeus 1758)
Emslie 1995
Cygnus buccinator Richardson 1832
Emslie 1995
Mergus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Emslie 1995
Somateria cf. spectabilis (Linnaeus 1758)
Emslie 1995
Bucephala albeola (Linnaeus 1758)
Emslie 1995
Anas crecca Linnaeus 1758
Emslie 1995
Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus 1758
Emslie 1995
Anabernicula gracilenta Ross 1935
Emslie 1995
Aythya americana (Eyton 1838)
Emslie 1995
Aythya marila (Linnaeus 1761)
Emslie 1995
Aythya collaris (Donovan 1809)
Emslie 1995
Aythya affinis (Eyton 1838)
Emslie 1995
Anas americana Gmelin 1789
Emslie 1995
recombined as Mareca americana
Reptilia - Podicipediformes - Podicipedidae
Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus 1758)
Emslie 1995
Podiceps sp. Latham 1787
Emslie 1995
Reptilia - Gruiformes - Rallidae
Rallus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Emslie 1995
Fulica americana Gmelin 1789
Emslie 1995
Reptilia - Strigiformes - Strigidae
Bubo virginianus (Gmelin 1788)
Emslie 1995
Reptilia - Cathartiformes - Cathartidae
Gymnogyps kofordi n. sp. Emslie 1988
Emslie 1988
Reptilia - Phoenicopteriformes - Phoenicopteridae
Phoenicopterus ruber Linnaeus 1758
Emslie 1995
Phoenicopterus copei Shufeldt 1891
Emslie 1995
Reptilia - Accipitriformes - Accipitridae
Buteo sp. de Lacepède 1799
Emslie 1995
Aquila sp. Linnaeus 1758
Emslie 1995
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Ranidae
cf. Rana sp. Linnaeus 1758
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Bufonidae
Bufo terrestris (Bonnaterre 1789)
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Urodela
Siren sp. Linnaeus 1766
Actinopteri - Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus sp. Agassiz 1843
Atractosteus spatula
Actinopteri - Acanthopteri - Sphyraenidae
Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards 1771)
Actinopteri - Elopiformes - Megalopidae
Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes 1847
Actinopteri - Siluriformes - Ictaluridae
Ictalurus sp. Rafinesque 1820
Actinopteri - Mugiliformes - Mugilidae
Mugil sp. Linnaeus 1758
Actinopteri - Carangiformes - Carangidae
Caranx hippos
Actinopteri - Centropomidae
Centropomus sp. Lacépède 1802
Actinopteri - Tetraodontiformes - Balistidae
Balistes sp. Linnaeus 1758
Actinopteri - Tetraodontiformes - Diodontidae
Diodon sp. Linnaeus 1758
Actinopteri - Labriformes - Labridae
Labridae indet. (Cuvier 1816)
Actinopteri - Acanthuriformes - Sciaenidae
Pogonias cromis Cope 1869
Actinopteri - Perciformes - Sparidae
Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus 1766)
Archosargus sp. Gill 1865
Actinopteri - Centrarchiformes - Centrarchidae
Lepomis sp. Rafinesque 1819
Chondrichthyes - Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae
Myliobatis sp. Cuvier 1816
Chondrichthyes - Myliobatiformes - Dasyatidae
Dasyatis sp. Rafinesque 1810
Chondrichthyes - Rhinopristiformes - Pristidae
Pristis sp. Linck 1790
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Lamnidae
Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus 1758)
Isurus hastalis (Agassiz 1838)
recombined as Carcharodon hastalis
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Carchariidae
Odontaspis taurus (Rafinesque 1810)
original and current combination Carcharias taurus
Chondrichthyes - Orectolobiformes - Ginglymostomatidae
Ginglymostoma cirratum (Gmelin 1789)
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Hemigaleidae
Hemipristis serra Agassiz 1835
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae
Rhizoprionodon terraenovae
Carcharhinus sp. de Blainville 1816
small
Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes 1839)
Negaprion brevirostris Poey 1868
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Galeocerdidae
Galeocerdo cuvieri (Peron and LeSueur 1822)
original and current combination Galeocerdo cuvier
Echinoidea
Echinoidea indet. (Leske 1778)
Anthozoa - Scleractinia
Scleractinia indet. Bourne 1900
two species
unclassified
Porifera indet. Grant 1836
boring sponge
Plantae indet. root Haeckel 1866
black mangrove roots
Angiospermae - Arecaceae
Sabal palmetto seed/fruit (Walter 1788)
seeds
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:Florida County:Hillsborough
Coordinates: 27.7° North, 82.5° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:27.7° North, 82.3° West
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Time
Period:Quaternary Epoch:Pleistocene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
*Local age/stage:Early/Lower Irvingtonian
Key time interval:Irvingtonian
Age range of interval:1.40000 - 0.21000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Bermont
Local section:Leisy Local bed:4
Local order:bottom to top
Stratigraphy comments: said to be early Irvingtonian
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: unlithified sandstone
Secondary lithology: unlithified siltstone
Lithology description: "unconsolidated, poorly sorted... fine-grained sand, silt, and dark brown mud" with many mollusc, vertebrate, and plant fossils
Environment:estuary/bay
Geology comments: "shallow coastal mangrove-lined bay located adjacent to, or at the mouth of a river"
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Degree of concentration:-seasonal
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Spatial orientation:random
Articulated whole bodies:none
Associated major elements:some
Disassociated major elements:some
Disassociated minor elements:many
Size sorting:medium
Encrustation:occasional
Feeding/predation traces:fractures,tooth marks
Spatial resolution:parautochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying
Collection size:2300 specimens
Reason for describing collection:general faunal/floral analysis
Taxonomic list comments:entirely within a reversed polarity interval: MacFadden 1995
Sr isotope date of 2.08 +/- 0.56 Ma: Jones et al. 1995
contrary to MacFadden 1995, above evidence could place this not only in C1r.1r but also in C2r or C2r.1r; mammal biochronology is compatible with either of the former two
date could be narrowed to C1r.1r, following MacFadden, by assuming that 1) Leisey 1A and 3A are in the same chron, and 2) the Sr dates are reliable despite the 0.75 Ma discrepancy between them; I find these assumptions to be mutually contradictory
there are "over 15,000" vertebrate specimens, "the majority of which are from Leisey 1A" (Morgan and Hulbert 1995); 15.3% of specimens in a test square were mammalian (Pratt and Hulbert 1995), suggesting that about 2300 mammalian specimens come from this site
from Leisey Shell Pit, exact locality unknown: Eremotherium eomigrans De Iulis and Cartelle 1999
"Panthera cf. onca" is omitted by Berta 1995
Nerodia sp. and cf. Coluber sp. are listed by Hulbert and Morgan, but are from other Leisey collections according to Meylan 1995
only the most common molluscs are listed and genus names of other marine invertebrates are not given
Metadata
Database number:20400
Authorizer:J. Alroy, J. Bloch, M. Uhen Enterer:J. Alroy, M. Uhen, R. Hulbert
Modifier:M. Uhen Research group:marine invertebrate,paleobotany,vertebrate
Created:1993-02-18 00:00:00 Last modified:2020-12-07 15:50:17
Access level:the public Released:1993-02-18 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
1960. R. C. Hulbert, Jr. and G. S. Morgan. 1989. Stratigraphy, paleoecology, and vertebrate fauna of the Leisey Shell Pit Local Fauna, early Pleistocene (Irvingtonian) of southwestern Florida. Papers in Florida Paleontology 2:1-19 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/P. Wagner]

Secondary references:

929 W. A. Akersten and H. G. McDonald. 1991. Nothrotheriops from the Pleistocene of Oklahoma and paleogeography of the genus. Southwestern Naturalist 36(2):178-185 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
6294 J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari]
1063 A. Berta. 1995. Fossil carnivores from the Leisey Shell Pits, Hillsborough County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 37(14):463-499 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
1391 K. F. Downing and R. S. White. 1995. The cingulates (Xenarthra) of the Leisey Shell Pit local fauna (Irvingtonian), Hillsborough County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 37(12):375-396 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
50402 S. D. Emslie. 1988. The fossil history and phylogenetic relationships of condors (Ciconiiformes: Vulturidae) in the New World. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8(2):212-228 [J. Bloch/R. Hulbert]
50395 S. D. Emslie. 1995. An early Irvingtonian avifauna from Leisey Shell Pit, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 37(10):299-344 [J. Bloch/R. Hulbert]
769 P. A. Meylan. 1995. Pleistocene amphibians and reptiles from the Leisey Shell Pit, Hillsborough County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 37(9):273-297 [J. Alroy/M. Sommers]
2624 G. S. Morgan and J. A. White. 1995. Small mammals (Insectivora, Lagomorpha, and Rodentia) from the early Pleistocene (early Irvingtonian) Leisey Shell Pit Local Fauna, Hillsborough County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 37(13) [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]
2789 A. E. Pratt and R. C. Hulbert, Jr. 1995. Taphonomy of the terrestrial mammals of Leisey Shell Pit 1A, Hillsborough County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 37(7) [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]
50686 T. M. Thomas, M. C. Granatosky, J. R. Bourque, K. L. Krysko, P. E. Moler, T. Gamble, E. Suarez, E. Leone, K. M. Enge and J. Roman. 2014. Taxonomic assessment of alligator snapping turtles (Chelydridae: Macrochelys), with the description of two new species from the southeastern United States. Zootaxa 3786(2):141-165 [J. Bloch/R. Hulbert]
3574 S. D. Webb and J. P. Dudley. 1995. Proboscidea from Leisey Shell Pits, Hillsborough County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 37(20) [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]