Stewart Spring: Barstovian, Nevada

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Gomphotherium sp. Burmeister 1837
Firby 1966
may or may not include specimens of "Tetrabelodon sp." from UCMP 1988 described by Merriam 1916a
Mammalia - Chiroptera
? Chiroptera indet. Blumenbach 1779
Firby 1966
a bat
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mustelidae
Mustelidae indet. Fischer 1817
Firby 1966
Mammalia - Carnivora - Procyonidae
Bassariscus parvus n. sp. Hall 1927
    = Probassariscus antiquus Matthew and Cook 1909
Alroy 2002
original and current combination Bassariscus antiquus
see Hall 1927, Gregory and Downs 1951; same as type of "B. nevadensis" Merriam 1916a from UCMP 2027 DUPLICATE REF 3234 or 3235
Mammalia - Carnivora - Ursidae
Ursavus cf. primaevus Gaillard 1899
Hunt 1998
UCMP V-6020
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Aelurodon sp. Leidy 1858
Firby 1966
confirmed by Tedford et al. 1987
Carpocyon compressus (Cope 1890)
Wang et al. 1999
UCMP V-5570
Cynodesmus cf. kelloggi (Merriam 1911)
Wang et al. 1999
    = Paratomarctus temerarius Leidy 1858
Alroy 2002
at UCMP 2027
Vulpes sp. Frisch 1775
    = Caninae indet. Gill 1872
Alroy 2002
replaces ID of Firby 1966 DUPLICATE REF 3234 or 3235
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Hypohippus cf. osborni Gidley 1907
from UCMP 2027, see Merriam 1916a DUPLICATE REF 3234 or 3235
Merychippus cf. californicus Merriam 1915
Tedford et al. 1987
    = Merychippus sp. Leidy 1856
Alroy 2002
(also could be M. sumani)
Merychippus brevidontus Bode 1935
DUPLICATE REF 3234 or 3235
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Chalicotheriidae
Chalicotheriidae indet. Gill 1872
Coombs 1979
    = Moropus sp. Marsh 1877
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Teleoceras sp. Hatcher 1894
Firby 1966
Aphelops megalodus (Cope 1873)
Prothero 2005
Mammalia - Camelidae
Procamelus sp. Leidy 1858
Firby 1966
    = Camelidae indet. Gray 1821
Alroy 2002
Aepycamelus sp. Macdonald 1956
Firby 1966
Mammalia - Antilocapridae
Paracosoryx loxocerus (Furlong 1934)
Tedford et al. 1987
recombined as Paracosoryx loxoceros
Merycodus furcatus (Leidy 1869)
Firby 1966
    = Cosoryx furcatus Leidy 1869
Alroy 2002
questionable as Henshaw 1939 refers "M. furcatus" of Merriam 1916 from "Cedar Mountain" as "M." cf. cerroensis; presumably includes "Merycodus nevadensis" (omitted by Firby 1966 and Tedford et al. 1987)
Mammalia - Palaeomerycidae
Palaeomerycidae indet. Lydekker 1883
Firby 1966
Dromomeryx borealis (Cope 1877)
Prothero and Liter 2008
Mammalia - Plesiosoricidae
Plesiosorex sp. Pomel 1848
Green 1977
unknown mammal of Reed and Downs 1958; "Meterix" of Hutchison 1968 and Stirton and "M. latidens" of Hall 1929; presumably includes "Arctoryctes sp." of Firby 1966, assigned to "M. latidens" by Hutchison 1968 DUPLICATE REF 1712 or 1713 or 1714
Mammalia - Soricidae
Limnoecus sp. Stirton 1930
Firby 1966
Mammalia - Talpidae
Talpidae indet. (Fischer de Waldheim 1817)
Firby 1966
Mammalia - Rodentia - Aplodontidae
Tardontia nevadans n. sp. Shotwell 1958
Shotwell 1958
"Liodontia" from UCMP 2027; described by Merriam 1916a as "? Aplodontia sp." said to be new
Mammalia - Rodentia - Sciuridae
Tamias ateles (Hall 1930)
Firby 1966
Mammalia - Rodentia - Castoridae
Monosaulax informal large species
Stefan 2001
Monosaulax curtus (Matthew and Cook 1909)
Stefen 2000
Monosaulax cf. pansus (Cope 1874)
Korth 1999
    = Monosaulax pansus Cope 1874
Stefan 2001
    = Monosaulax skinneri Stout 1999
Alroy 2002
"M. pansus" of Stefen 2000, who does not discuss Korth or M. skinneri; Voorhies 1983 argues against specific ID; specimen is from UCMP 2027, see Stirton 1935 and Merriam 1916a, who described it as "Dipoides nr. tortus"
Anchitheriomys sp. Roger 1885
Firby 1966
Mammalia - Rodentia - Heteromyidae
Perognathoides sp. Wood 1935
Firby 1966
    = Cupidinimus sp. Wood 1935
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Rodentia - Geomyidae
Geomyidae indet. Bonaparte 1845
Firby 1966
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cricetidae
Cricetinae indet. Fischer von Waldheim 1817
Firby 1966
Mammalia - Rodentia - Mylagaulidae
Mylagaulus sp. Cope 1878
    = Mylagaulidae indet. Cope 1881
Alroy 2002
from UCMP 2027, see Merriam 1916a DUPLICATE REF 3234 or 3235
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Hypolagus sp. Dice 1917
Firby 1966
    = Archaeolaginae indet.
Alroy 2002
"Lepus nr. vetus" from UCMP 2027 was described by Merriam 1916a and it is not clear why Stirton omits lagomorphs from his list
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:Nevada County:Mineral and Esmeralda
Coordinates: 38.3° North, 117.9° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:39.0° North, 114.9° West
Basis of coordinate:based on political unit
Geographic resolution:small collection
Time
Period:Neogene Epoch:Miocene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 5
*Period:Tertiary
Key time interval:Barstovian
Age range of interval:15.97000 - 13.60000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Esmeralda
Local section:CoalV Local bed:1
Local order:bottom to top
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: not reported
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection:general faunal/floral analysis
Museum repositories:LACM
Taxonomic list comments:most or all of the original collection described by Merriam 1916a as part of his "Cedar Mountain" fauna must be from UCMP 2027, which was designated as Stewart Spring sensu stricto by Teilhard and Stirton 1934
while Stirton indicates this is arbitrarily separated out from the Cedar Mountain fauna, Tedford et al. 1987 state that there is a clear stratigraphic distinction
Metadata
Also known as:UCMP 2027 (LACM 1104), V-5570, V-5915, V-6020
DUPLICATE REF 3234 or 3235
Database number:19088
Authorizer:J. Alroy, J. Marcot, P. Holroyd Enterer:J. Alroy, J. Marcot, P. Holroyd
Modifier:J. Alroy Research group:vertebrate
Created:1993-02-18 00:00:00 Last modified:2009-09-29 23:22:47
Access level:the public Released:1993-02-18 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

3234. R. A. Stirton. 1940. The Nevada Miocene and Pliocene mammalian faunas as faunal units. Proceedings of the Sixth Pacific Science Congress 2:627-640 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]

Secondary references:

6294 J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari]
1275 M. C. Coombs. 1979. Tylocephalonyx, a new genus of North American dome-skulled chalicotheres (Mammalia, Perissodactyla). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 164(1):1-64 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
1489 J. R. Firby. 1966. New non-marine Mollusca from the Esmeralda Formation, Nevada. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 33(14):453-480 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
1712 M. Green. 1977. Dipoides (Rodentia: Castoridae) from Yankton County, South Dakota. Journal of Paleontology 51(1) [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]
1976 R. M. Hunt, Jr. 1998. Ursidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1:174-195 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
2138 W. W. Korth. 1999. A new species of beaver (Rodentia, Castoridae) from the earliest Barstovian (Miocene) of Nebraska and the phylogeny of Monosaulax Stirton. Paludicola 2(3):258-264 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
51726 D. R. Prothero. 2005. The Evolution of North American Rhinoceroses. 1-218 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot]
51379 D. R. Prothero and M. R. Liter. 2008. Systematics of the dromomerycines and aletomerycines (Artiodactyla: Palaeomerycidae) from the Miocene and Pliocene of North America. In S. G. Lucas, G. S. Morgan, J. A. Spielmann, D. R. Prothero (eds.), Neogene Mammals 44:273-298 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot]
3111 J. A. Shotwell. 1958. Evolution and Biogeography of the Aplodontid and Mylagaulid Rodents. Evolution 12 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]
64916 C. Stefan. 2001. Barstovian (Miocene) beavers from Stewart Valley, Nevada, and a discussion of the genus Monosaulax based on tooth morphology. PaleoBios 21(1):1-14 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd]
3213 C. Stefen. 2000. Castoridae (Mammalia) from Stewart Valley Nevada and comparison to European Beavers. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(3):71A [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]
6198 R. H. Tedford, T. Galusha, M. F. Skinner, B. E. Taylor, R. W. Fields, J. R. Macdonald, J. M. Rensberger, S. D. Webb, and D. P. Whistler. 1987. Faunal succession and biochronology of the Arikareean through Hemphillian interval (late Oligocene through earliest Pliocene epochs) in North America. In M. O. Woodburne (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Geochronology and Biostratigraphy 153-210 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/P. Wagner]
3558 X. Wang, R. H. Tedford, and B. E. Taylor. 1999. Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 243:1-392 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]