Withlacoochee River Site 4A: Hemphillian, Florida

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Lampropeltinae indet.
Reptilia - Pelecaniformes - Ardeidae
Egretta subfluvia n. sp. Becker 1985
Reptilia - Accipitriformes - Accipitridae
Buteo sp. de Lacepède 1799
Reptilia
Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin 1801)
Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Geochelone sp. Fitzinger 1835
    = Hesperotestudo sp. Williams 1950
Bourque 2013
Reptilia - Testudines - Emydidae
Terrapene sp. Merrem 1820
Pseudemys ? inflata
    = Trachemys inflata Weaver and Robertson 1967
Bourque 2013
Pseudemys scripta (Schoepff 1792)
    = Trachemys scripta Schoepff 1792
Bourque 2013
Pseudemys sp. Gray 1856
"concinna or williamsi"
Pseudemys ? nelsoni Carr 1938
Reptilia - Testudines - Kinosternoidea
Kinosternidae indet. (Hay 1892)
    = Kinosternon sp. von Spix 1824
Bourque 2013
aff. K. subrubrum-baurii clade
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae
    = Trionychidae indet. Gray 1825
Alroy 2009
Reptilia - Colubridae
Natricinae indet. Bonaparte 1838
Reptilia - Viperidae
Viperidae indet. Oppel 1811
Mammalia - Mylodontidae
Thinobadistes wetzeli n. sp. Webb 1989
Webb 1989
from "Site 4X" and referred specimens from "Site 4A"; "T. segnis"
Mammalia - Megalonychidae
Pliometanastes protistus Hirschfeld and Webb 1968
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Platybelodon sp. Borissiak 1928
Tedford et al. 1987
presumably "Torynobelodon sp."; identification is uncertain according to Lambert 1996
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Machairodus sp. Kaup 1833
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mustelidae
Enhydriodon sp. Falconer 1868
(1 measurement)
    = Enhydritherium terraenovae Berta and Morgan 1985
Berta and Morgan 1985
said to be new
Mammalia - Carnivora - Ursidae
Indarctos sp. Pilgrim 1913
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Osteoborus orc n. sp. Webb 1969
    = Borophagus orc Webb 1969
Alroy 2002
see Webb 1969b
Borophagus pugnator (Cook 1922)
Wang et al. 1999
? Vulpes sp. Frisch 1775
    = Urocyon webbi n. sp. Tedford et al. 2009
Tedford et al. 2009
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Protohippus cf. gidleyi Hulbert 1988
Hulbert 1988
includes specimen inexplicably assigned to "Pliohippus" by MacFadden and Cerling 1996
Pliohippus cf. hondurensis Olson and McGrew 1941
    = Calippus maccartyi Hulbert 1988
Hulbert 1988
Cormohipparion sp. Skinner and MacFadden 1977
    = Hippotherium ingenuum Leidy 1885
Alroy 2002
recombined as Cormohipparion ingenuum
said to be new
Hipparion cf. tehonense (Merriam 1916)
recombined as Hipparion gratum tehonense
Pseudhipparion skinneri Webb and Hulbert 1986
Hulbert 1993
Neohipparion eurystyle (Cope 1893)
Nannippus morgani Hulbert 1993
Hulbert 1993
Nannippus sp. "3" of Hulbert 1988c
Nannippus minor (Sellards 1916)
    = Nannippus aztecus Mooser 1968
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Teleoceras sp. Hatcher 1894
Aphelops mutilus Matthew 1924
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Tapirus simpsoni Schultz et al. 1975
    = Tapirus sp. Brisson 1762
Hulbert 2005
Mammalia - Camelidae
Procamelus cf. grandis Gregory 1939
Aepycamelus cf. major (Leidy 1886)
Mammalia - Tayassuidae
Prosthennops sp. Matthew and Gidley 1904
    = Tayassuinae indet. Palmer 1897
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Gelocidae
Pseudoceras sp. Frick 1937
said to be new
    = Floridameryx floridanus n. gen., n. sp. Webb 2008
Webb 2008
Mammalia - Antilocapridae
Hexameryx simpsoni White 1941
Mammalia - Rodentia - Sciuridae
Sciuridae indet. Gray 1821
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cricetidae
Cricetidae indet. Fischer von Waldheim 1817
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
? Pratilepus sp. Hibbard 1939
Hypolagus sp. Dice 1917
    = Archaeolaginae indet.
Alroy 2002
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Urodela
Amphiuma sp. Garden 1821
Siren sp. Linnaeus 1766
Notophthalmus sp. Rafinesque 1820
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Bufonidae
Bufo sp. Laurenti 1768
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Ranidae
Rana sp. Linnaeus 1758
Actinopteri - Acanthuriformes - Sciaenidae
Pogonias cromis Cope 1869
Actinopteri - Carangiformes - Carangidae
Carangidae indet. Rafinesque 1815
Actinopteri - Centropomidae
Centropomus sp. Lacépède 1802
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:Florida County:Marion
Coordinates: 28.8° North, 82.3° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:29.0° North, 80.7° West
Basis of coordinate:based on political unit
Geographic resolution:small collection
Time
Period:Neogene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
*Period:Tertiary *Epoch:Miocene
*Local age/stage:Early/Lower Hemphillian
Key time interval:Hemphillian
Age range of interval:10.30000 - 4.90000 m.y. ago
Age estimate:7.0 ± 0.5 Ma (unknown)
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: said to be early Hemphillian, Hh2
sinkhole is "developed in the Inglis member of the Ocala Limestone (Late Eocene)" (Becker 1985)
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:fine,green silty claystone
Lithology description: "fine green clays, with some evidence of layering or varving" that fill "a sinkhole" (Becker 1985) or "massive green clays and occasionally concentrated in thin beds of silt"
Environment:pond
Geology comments: "a pond environment" but there "is some [faunal] evidence for marine or estuarine influence" (Becker 1985) or "a freshwater pond or oxbow lake cut" (Webb 2008)
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Spatial resolution:autochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:FLMNH
Collection method comments: Eocene, Hemphillian, and Rancholabrean fossils are all present but easily distinguished based on preservation and color
Taxonomic list comments:Site 4A is in Marion Co., site 4X in Citrus Co.: Webb 1989
Metadata
Database number:18601
Authorizer:J. Alroy, J. Marcot, J. Bloch, P. Holroyd Enterer:J. Alroy, J. Marcot, R. Hulbert, P. Holroyd
Modifier:B. Allen Research group:vertebrate
Created:1993-02-18 00:00:00 Last modified:2023-07-27 10:43:32
Access level:the public Released:1993-02-18 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

1051. J. J. Becker. 1985. Fossil herons (Aves: Ardeidae) of the late Miocene and early Pliocene of Florida. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 5(1):24-31 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]

Secondary references:

6294 J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari]
29343 J. Alroy. 2009. High-handed opinions on taxonomy and other matters. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
1066 A. Berta and G. S. Morgan. 1985. A new sea otter (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the late Miocene and early Pliocene (Hemphillian) of North America. Journal of Paleontology 59(4):809-819 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
58392 J. R. Bourque. 2013. Fossil Kinosternidae from the Oligocene and Miocene of Florida, USA. In D. B. Brinkman, P. A. Holroyd, and J. Gardner (eds.), Morphology and Evolution of Turtles, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology 459-475 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd]
50346 R. C. Hulbert. 2005. Late Miocene Tapirus (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Florida, with description of a new species, Tapirus webbi. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 45(4):465-494 [J. Bloch/R. Hulbert]
1951 R. C. Hulbert, Jr. 1988. Cormohipparion and Hipparion (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the Late Neogene of Florida. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 33(5):229-338 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
1953 R. C. Hulbert, Jr. 1993. Late Miocene Nannippus (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) from Florida, with a description of the smallest Hipparionine horse. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13(3):350-366 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
6198 R. H. Tedford, T. Galusha, M. F. Skinner, B. E. Taylor, R. W. Fields, J. R. Macdonald, J. M. Rensberger, S. D. Webb, and D. P. Whistler. 1987. Faunal succession and biochronology of the Arikareean through Hemphillian interval (late Oligocene through earliest Pliocene epochs) in North America. In M. O. Woodburne (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Geochronology and Biostratigraphy 153-210 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/P. Wagner]
52058 R. H. Tedford, X. Wang, and B. E. Taylor. 2009. Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325:1-218 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot/G. Lloyd]
3558 X. Wang, R. H. Tedford, and B. E. Taylor. 1999. Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 243:1-392 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
3572 S. D. Webb. 1989. Osteology and relationships of Thinobadistes segnis, the first mylodont sloth in North America. In K. H. Redford, J. F. Eisenberg (eds.), Advances in Neotropical Mammalogy 469-532 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
36064 S. D. Webb. 2008. Revision of the extinct Pseudoceratinae (Artiodactyla: Ruminantia: Gelocidae). Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 48(2):17-58 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]