Bear Creek (Lower Nodular Zone): Orellan, South Dakota

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia - Leptictidae
Ictops dakotensis Leidy 1868
recombined as Leptictis dakotensis
at Bear Creek
Mammalia - Rodentia - Ischyromyidae
Ischyromys typus Leidy 1856
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Palaeolagus haydeni Leidy 1856
Palaeolagus turgidus Cope 1873
recombined as Megalagus turgidus
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Caenopus occidentalis (Leidy 1850)
recombined as Subhyracodon occidentalis
no exact locality, but "C. sp." is at Bear Creek
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Hyracodontidae
Hyracodon sp. Leidy 1856
LNZ at Bear Creek: no evidence that specifically determinate material was collected here, as all LNZ specimens of Sinclair 1922c are from Corral Draw, Quinn Draw, and Indian Creek (see)
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Colodon dakotensis Osborn and Wortman 1895
synonym of Colodon occidentalis
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Mesohippus bairdii (Leidy 1850)
recombined as Mesohippus bairdi
at Bear Creek; Forsten 1970a reports M. bairdi from about 1 mi S of Chamberlin Pass in "Zone III" of Clark and Kietzke 1967 and about 2 mi SW of the pass in the LNZ
Mammalia - Camelidae
Poebrotherium sp. Leidy 1847
Mammalia - Entelodontidae
Archaeotherium mortoni Leidy 1850
at Bear Creek: from LNZ at Princeton 1016E2A, see Sinclair 1922b; also mentioned by Sinclair 1922a
Mammalia - Agriochoeridae
Agriochoerus antiquus Leidy 1850
Mammalia - Leptomerycidae
Leptomeryx evansi Leidy 1853
Mammalia - Merycoidodontidae
Oreodon culbertsoni (Leidy 1848)
original and current combination Merycoidodon culbertsonii
"Oreodon culbertsoni culbertsoni": from Bear Creek; also "O. culbertsoni periculorum" Schultz and Falkenbach 1968; referred to "Genetochoerus periculorum" by Schultz and Falkenbach 1968; may include "Paramerycoidodon georgei" Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 "N. of Scenic" Brule Zone A
Eporeodon bullatus (Leidy 1869)
recombined as Merycoidodon bullatus
Miniochoerus affinis (Leidy 1869)
Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
one of several dozen "O. culbertsoni" specimens of Sinclair 1924, from Princeton locality 1016E, Bear Creek, Brule Zone A
Oreodon gracilis (Leidy 1851)
recombined as Miniochoerus gracilis
Mammalia - Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae
Hyaenodon crucians Leidy 1853
Hyaenodon horridus Leidy 1853
includes "H. cruentus"
Mammalia - Carnivora - Nimravidae
Dinictis felina Leidy 1854
Hoplophoneus primaevus (Leidy and Owen 1851)
apparently the one of three specimens that is not described
Mammalia - Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Daphoenus hartshornianus (Cope 1873)
Daphoenus vetus Leidy 1853
at Bear Creek; also Corral Draw (see)
Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Stylemys nebrascensis Leidy 1851
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:South Dakota County:Pennington
Coordinates: 43.9° North, 102.4° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:45.0° North, 94.2° West
Basis of coordinate:based on political unit
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Paleogene Epoch:Oligocene
Stage:Rupelian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 4
*Period:Tertiary
Key time interval:Orellan
Age range of interval:33.90000 - 33.30000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Brule Member:Scenic
Local section:BgBad Local bed:4
Local order:bottom to top
Stratigraphic resolution:member
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: "siliciclastic"
Environment:fluvial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:field collection
Collection size:144 specimens
Reason for describing collection:general faunal/floral analysis
Collection method comments: Princeton University collection
Taxonomic list comments:much of the collection is from NE side of Bear Creek, 4.5 mi NE of Scenic, Pennington County, and exposures from there to Chamberlain Pass; I have removed records that definitely do not pertain to Bear Creek
4.5 mi NE of Scenic locality is Princeton locality 1016E2A, same as original Bear Creek LNZ locality of Culbertson: Sinclair 1922b
NISP 144, but this may include material from other localities
"Cynodictis gregarius" is present only at Corral Draw (see)

Archaeotherium "? crassum" and A. "wanlessi" are probably the Indian Creek specimens described by Sinclair 1922a

Poebrotherium "andersoni" is from Corral Draw (see)
Metadata
Database number:17133
Authorizer:J. Alroy Enterer:J. Alroy
Modifier:J. Alroy Research group:vertebrate
Created:1995-03-26 00:00:00 Last modified:2010-11-15 20:15:04
Access level:the public Released:1995-03-26 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

3170. W. J. Sinclair. 1924. The Faunas of the Concretionary Zones of the Oreodon Beds, White River Oligocene. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 63(1):94-133 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]

Secondary references:

6294 J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari]
3068 C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach. 1956. Miniochoerinae and Oreonetinae two new subfamilies of oreodonts. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 109(4):373-482 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
3069 C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach. 1968. The Phylogeny of the Oreodonts. Part 1: Merycoidodontinae, Eporeodontinae, and Leptaucheniinae, Three Subfamilies Of Oreodonts, With an Appendix to the Revision Of The Merycoidodontidae, and Part 2. Summary and Conclusions Concerning the Merycoidodontidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 139:1-498 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]