Grizzly Buttes: Bridgerian, Wyoming
collected by Marsh, Quigley, Harger, Matthew, Thomson, Gazin 1870-1872, 1905

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia - Strigiformes - Protostrigidae
Protostrix leptosteus (Marsh 1871)
Wetmore 1937
YPM type specimen of Marsh collected in 1870 from "Grizzly Buttes"; Rich 1982 describes an additional AMNH specimen from the lower Bridger at "Grizzly Buttes" collected in 1903 and called a "falconine" by Shufeldt 1913
Reptilia - Gruiformes - Gruidae
Aletornis bellus n. sp. Marsh 1872
Aletornis nobilis n. gen., n. sp. Marsh 1872
Reptilia
Crocodilus ziphodon n. sp. Marsh 1871
Marsh 1871
YPM 1347
Crocodylus affinis n. sp. Marsh 1871
Norell and Storrs 1989
nomen dubium belonging to Crocodylus
YPM 1345 - type (skull and mandible)
Crocodilus brevicollis n. sp. Marsh 1871
Norell and Storrs 1989
nomen dubium belonging to Crocodylus
YPM 1349 - type (three cervical vertebrae)
Crocodilus liodon n. sp. Marsh 1871
Marsh 1871
nomen dubium belonging to Crocodylus
YPM 1350b - type (very fragmentary skeleton including several vertebrae, the left quadrate, rostral fragments, and articulars and surangulars)
Brachyuranochampsa zangerli n. sp. Mook 1962
Mook 1962
nomen dubium belonging to Crocodylus
1903 AMNH Thomson collection from "Grizzly Buttes" (1 measurement)
Allognathosuchus polyodon (Cope 1873)
Mook 1961
L. S. Quackenbush AMNH collection from "Grizzly Buttes"
Pristichampsus vorax (Troxell 1925)
Langston 1975
recombined as Boverisuchus vorax
YPM 5890 (incomplete right quadrate)
Reptilia - Baenidae
Chisternon hebraicum (Cope 1872)
Hay 1908 5 individuals
AMNH 5904, a shell, skull, vertebrae, and limb elements (referred to Chisternon hebraicum by Hay, 1908, pp. 89-91, figs. 82-87); AMNH 5961 (referred to Chisternon hebraicum by Hay, 1908, pp. 87-89, figs. 76-81, pl. 21 figs. 3, 4, pl. 23 fig. 1)
    = Chisternon undatum Leidy 1871
Gaffney 1972
Chisternon undatum (Leidy 1871)
Hay 1908
AMNH 5959 (Hay, 1908, p. 86, fig. 72), a partial shell; AMNH 5962 (Hay, 1908, pp. 86, 87, figs. 73- 75), shell, skull, vertebrae, limb elements; AMNH 5964, shell. Locality: Grizzly Buttes West, Bridger Basin, Wyoming (label) (see Wheeler, 1961, pl. 2)
Baena arenosa Leidy 1870
Hay 1908 14 specimens
AMNH 5900, AMNH 5906, AMNH 5921, AMNH 5922, AMNH 5935, AMNH 5957, AMNH 5965, AMNH 5985, AMNH 5986, AMNH 5990, all shells; AMNH 5952, shell, skull, limbs; AMNH 5973 (Hay, 1908, figs. 44-48, pl. 12), skull, shell, postcranium; AMNH 5984, shell, lower jaws, limb; USNM 18102, skull
Baena sima Hay 1908
Hay 1908 1 specimen
synonym of Baena arenosa
AMNH 5965, partial shell; 5907, partial skeleton with shell (informal paratypes)
Baena riparia n. sp. Hay 1908
Hay 1908 1 specimen
synonym of Baena affinis
AMNH 5977 (type of Baena riparia Hay, 1908, figs. 59-66, pls. 17, 18, 19 figs. 1-3), an almost complete skeleton
Reptilia - Testudines
Testudo corsoni n. sp. Leidy 1871
Leidy 1871
recombined as Hadrianus corsoni
Reptilia - Testudines - Geoemydidae
Echmatemys pusilla n. sp. Hay 1908
Hutchison 2006 1 specimen
recombined as Bridgeremys pusilla
AMNH 5992 - type (partial shell)
Clemmys morrisiae n. sp. Hay 1908
Hay 1908
synonym of Bridgeremys pusilla
AMNH 6029 (holotype), a partial shell (Hay 1908, figs. 359, 360, pl. 45.1–3)
Echmatemys aegle n. sp. Hay 1908
Hay 1908
synonym of Echmatemys stevensoniana
AMNH 5909 (holotype), a complete plastron and some carapacial bones (Hay 1908, figs. 436–438)
Echmatemys cyane n. sp. Hay 1908
Hay 1908
synonym of Echmatemys stevensoniana
AMNH 5924 (holotype), a partial shell (Hay 1908, figs. 423–427, pl. 49)
Echmatemys arethusa n. sp. Hay 1908
Hay 1908
AMNH 5920 (holotype), a partial shell (Hay 1908, figs. 421, 422, pl. 49)
Reptilia - Testudines
Anosteira ornata Leidy 1871
Hay 1908
some of the four, now lost, types (possibly including USNM 4062), others were from Church Buttes [PaleoDB collection 16201]
Platypeltis heteroglypta (Cope 1873)
Hay 1908 1 specimen
nomen dubium belonging to Pantrionychidae
AMNH specimen, collected in 1903 from the eastern part of Grizzly Buttes, Wyoming
Aspideretes guttatus (Leidy 1869)
Hay 1908 3 specimens
nomen dubium belonging to Pantrionychidae
AMNH 6005, 5917, 5993
Plastomenus thomasi (Cope 1872)
Hay 1908 1 specimen
recombined as Plastomenus thomasii
AMNH 6018, nearly complete shell
Platypeltis trepida n. sp. Hay 1907
Hay 1907
nomen dubium belonging to Pantrionychidae
1905 AMNH collection from"Grizzly Buttes" B2
Plastomenus molopinus (Cope 1872)
Hay 1908 2 individuals
nomen dubium belonging to Pantrionychidae
AMNH 5941, 5945 from level B, collected 1903
Platypeltis trionychoides (Cope 1872)
Hay 1908 3 specimens
nomen dubium belonging to Pantrionychidae
AMNH 5938, 6017, 5942, found in 1903
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae
Amyda exquisita n. sp. Hay 1908
Hay 1908 2 specimens
portions of 2 individuals, which were collected in the Bridger beds of the Grizzly Buttes, Wyoming, by the museum's expedition of 1903. Of these specimens, number 5923 is taken as the type. It consists of the carapace (fragmentary but representing well the structure), the hyoplastra and hypoplastra of both sides somewhat damaged, one cervical vertebra, portions of both humeri, the left femur, portions of the pelvis, and various other leg and foot bones. Of the other individual, No. 5943, there are present only the hyoplastron and the hypoplastron of the right side
Amyda franciscae n. sp. Hay 1908
Hay 1908 1 specimen
synonym of Trionyx uintaensis
AMNH 5936 (holotype) partial skeleton, level B
Aspideretes ellipticus Hay 1908
Hay 1908 1 specimen
recombined as Trionyx ellipticus
AMNH 5930
Amyda mira n. sp. Hay 1908
Hay 1908 1 specimen
recombined as Trionyx mira
AMNH 6130, holotype partial skeleton discovered by the American Museum party of 1905, at Grizzly Buttes, Wyoming, in level B, of the Bridger Eocene
Platypeltis postera Hay 1908
Hay 1908 1 specimen
synonym of Trionyx mira
AMNH 5955, shell collected 1906
Platypeltis extensa n. sp. Hay 1908
Hay 1908 1 specimen
synonym of Trionyx mira
AMNH 5951, holotype partial shell collected by O. P. Hay in 1903, western part of Grizzly Buttes
Reptilia
Thinosaurus grandis n. sp. Marsh 1872
Marsh 1872 1 specimen
synonym of Saniwa ensidens
YPM 611 (part) (holotype), trunk vertebra lacking the condylar end
Thinosaurus leptodus n. sp. Marsh 1872
Marsh 1872 3 specimens
synonym of Saniwa ensidens
Originally Thinosaurus specimens: YPM 612 (holotype), anterior portion of right dentary, plus posterior skeleton; YPM 613, partial postcranial skeleton. Additional Saniwa specimens: YPM 1064, 10 dorsal vertebrae
Thinosaurus paucidens n. gen., n. sp. Marsh 1872
Marsh 1872 1 specimen
synonym of Saniwa ensidens
YPM (unknown, lost holotype), greater part of a skeleton
Reptilia - Anguidae
Glyptosaurus sylvestris n. gen., n. sp. Marsh 1871
Gilmore 1928 7 specimens
YPM 526 (=USNM 6523) (holotype), left frontal; YPM 523 (prev. holotype of G. ocellatus), small patch of cranial scutes; YPM 521 (prev. holotype of G. brevidens), many parts of broken skull and jaws, several short articulated series of cervical and dorsal vertebrae and numerous skull and body osteoderm patches; YPM 1073, partial skull and postcranials; AMNH 6054 now referred to P. princeps (ref 16228); AMNH 5113, partial skull referred to G. princeps by Gilmore 1928, to G. sylv. by Sullivan 1979; AMNH 5902, partial skull
cf. Glyptosaurus sylvestris Marsh 1871
Sullivan 1979 1 specimen
YPM 1073, fragment of left frontal
Glyptosaurus rugosus n. sp. Marsh 1872
Marsh 1872 1 specimen
synonym of Glyptosaurus sylvestris
YPM 525 (= USNM 16526) (holotype), posterior portions of coosified frontal bones
Glyptosaurus brevidens n. sp. Marsh 1872
Marsh 1872
synonym of Glyptosaurus sylvestris
Glyptosaurus nodosus n. sp. Marsh 1871
Gilmore 1928 1 specimen
synonym of Glyptosaurus sylvestris
YPM 522 (=USNM 16520) (holotype), frontal, two body scutes, unidentified skull fragment
Glyptosaurus princeps n. sp. Marsh 1872
Marsh 1872 1 specimen
synonym of Glyptosaurus sylvestris
YPM 524 (=USNM 16539) (holotype), considerable portion of coalesced frontals, median part of right pterygoid, fragm. portions of both rami including symph. end of left dentary, dermal scutes, phalangeal bone, other fragments; (AMNH 5113 now G. sylvestris); AMNH 6054, nearly complete parietal, portion of left jugal, and alveolar border of one maxilla with six teeth, plus osteoderms (prev. G. sylvestris)
Paraglyptosaurus princeps (Marsh 1872)
Sullivan 1979 1 specimen
synonym of Glyptosaurus sylvestris
YPM 1072, partial skull and postcranials (previously ID'd as G. sylvestris)
cf. Paraglyptosaurus princeps (Marsh 1872)
Sullivan 1979 1 specimen
synonym of Glyptosaurus sylvestris
YPM 7581, frontal fragment
Oreosaurus vagans n. gen., n. sp. Marsh 1872
Marsh 1872 1 specimen
YPM 541 (holotype), frontals, portions of dentaries, partial coronoid, fragment of pterygoid with teeth. numerous dermal scutes, other fragments of skull and jaws
Reptilia - Boidae
Lithophis sargenti n. gen., n. sp. Marsh 1871
Gilmore 1938 1 specimen
YPM 2719 (holotype), single thoracic vertebra
Reptilia
Boavus brevis n. sp. Marsh 1871
Gilmore 1938 1 specimen
PMNH 468 (holotype), single thoracic vertebra
Boavus occidentalis n. gen., n. sp. Marsh 1871
Gilmore 1938 2 specimens
PMNH 511 (holotype), single dorsal vertebra; PMNH 2717, single dorsal vertebra
Boavus agilis n. sp. Marsh 1871
Gilmore 1938 2 specimens
synonym of Boavus occidentalis
PMNH 2765 and 2766 (cotypes), thoracic vertebrae
Reptilia - Rhineuridae
Glyptosaurus anceps n. sp. Marsh 1871
Gilmore 1928 1 specimen
recombined as Lestophis anceps
YPM 520 (holotype), single dorsal vertebra
Mammalia - Apatemyidae
Apatemys bellus Marsh 1872
Gazin 1976
    = Apatemys sp. Marsh 1872
West 1973
at both "Grizzly Buttes West" and "Grizzly Buttes" in the "Blacks Fork Mem."
Mammalia - Esthonychidae
Trogosus castoridens n. sp. Leidy 1871
Gazin 1976
includes "Palaeosyops minor" type, which also is from Grizzly Buttes, see Gazin 1953
Mammalia - Condylarthra - Hyopsodontidae
Hyopsodus paulus Leidy 1870
Matthew 1909
"lower beds" (Matthew 1909); "middle B" and "Grizzly Buttes West (middle B)" (West 1979); confirmed by Redline 1997
Mammalia - Metacheiromyidae
Metacheiromys marshi n. sp. Wortman 1903
Wortman 1903
referred material from B2, and type of "M. tatusia" from Bridger B2: see Simpson 1931, Schoch 1984a
Metacheiromys dasypus n. sp. Osborn 1904
Gazin 1976
from Bridger B2: see Simpson 1931, Schoch 1984a
Mammalia - Creodonta - Oxyaenidae
Patriofelis ulta Leidy 1870
Thorpe 1923
i.d. based on size
Patriofelis latidens n. sp. (Marsh 1872)
Gazin 1976
synonym of Patriofelis ferox
from the lower Bridger see Thorpe 1923a
Mammalia - Creodonta
Thinocyon velox n. sp. Marsh 1872
Gazin 1976
includes Marsh's referred specimen of "Triacodon fallax": Thorpe 1923a
Limnocyon verus n. sp. Marsh 1872
Gazin 1976
see Thorpe 1923a
Limnocyon riparius n. sp. Marsh 1872
Wortman 1902 1 specimen
synonym of Limnocyon verus
Mammalia - Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae
Tritemnodon agilis n. sp. (Marsh 1872)
Gazin 1976
referred specimen discussed by Thorpe 1923a
Sinopa eximia n. sp. Leidy 1873
Leidy 1873 1 specimen
Sinopa rapax n. sp. Leidy 1871
Gazin 1976
from Bridger B2 according to Matthew 1909; also "S. minor" type; also "Triacodon fallax" type of Thorpe 1923a
Mammalia
Oodectes proximus n. sp. Matthew 1909
Gazin 1976
synonym of Oodectes herpestoides
of Matthew 1909 from "eastern part" of bluff
Mammalia - Viverravidae
Viverravus gracilis n. sp. Marsh 1872
Gazin 1976
see Thorpe 1923a
Viverravus minutus Wortman 1901
Wortman 1901
level not stated directly, but species is said to be restricted to the lower Bridger
Mammalia
Miacis parvivorus Cope 1872
Matthew 1909
"Lower Bridger"
Vulpavus profectus n. sp. Matthew 1909
Gazin 1976
of Matthew 1909 from Bridger B2; see also Wang and Tedford 1994
Vulpavus palustris n. sp. Marsh 1871
Thorpe 1923
lower Bridger
Miacis hargeri (Wortman 1901)
Gazin 1976
original and current combination Vulpavus hargeri
level not stated; see also Thorpe 1923a
Mammalia - Acreodi - Mesonychidae
Mesonyx obtusidens Cope 1872
Thorpe 1923
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Orohippus pumilus n. sp. (Marsh 1871)
Gazin 1976
from "lower beds"; also "O. ballardi" type from Bridger B and referred specimen of "O. atavus": Granger 1908; see also Kitts 1957b
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Hyrachyidae
Hyrachyus nanus (Marsh 1871)
Leidy 1873 1 specimen
recombined as Helaletes nanus
Hyrachyus modestus (Leidy 1870)
Wood 1934
B2; also Grizzly Buttes East, B2
Hyrachyus affinis (Marsh 1871)
Wood 1934
synonym of Hyrachyus modestus
B2
Hyrachyus agrarius Leidy 1871
Leidy 1873
synonym of Hyrachyus modestus
Mammalia - Perissodactyla
Helaletes nanus n. sp. (Marsh 1871)
Gazin 1976
see Radinsky 1963; see also Schoch 1984b
Helaletes boops n. gen., n. sp. Marsh 1872
Peterson 1919
synonym of Helaletes nanus
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Brontotheriidae
Palaeosyops paludosus Leidy 1870
Osborn 1929
from Bridger B2; one specimen is from Mountain View near Grizzly Buttes; also "P. major" type, from Grizzly Buttes (level unknown); type of "L. matthewi" from B2 at Grizzly Buttes West: see Osborn 1908, Osborn 1929
Limnohyops monoconus n. sp. Osborn 1908
Gazin 1976
synonym of Palaeosyops paludosus
and "L. priscus" type Osborn 1908: both from B2 at Grizzly Buttes West also "cotype" of L. priscus from B2 at Grizzly Buttes East
Palaeosyops major n. sp. Leidy 1871
Leidy 1873
synonym of Palaeosyops paludosus
Mammalia - Helohyidae
Helohyus plicodon n. sp. Marsh 1872
Gazin 1976
also at Bridger B2, see West 1984
Mammalia - Homacodontidae
Antiacodon pygmaeus (Cope 1872)
West 1984
Bridger B
Mammalia - Geolabididae
Nyctitherium dasypelix n. sp. (Matthew 1909)
Gazin 1976
recombined as Marsholestes dasypelix
see Krishtalka 1976b; "found with that of Metacheiromys dasypus" (i.e., in Bridger B2): Simpson 1931
Mammalia - Nyctitheriidae
Nyctitherium serotinum n. sp. (Marsh 1872)
Gazin 1976
of Marsh see Matthew 1909 and Robinson 1968b
Mammalia - Erinaceidae
Entomolestes grangeri n. gen., n. sp. Matthew 1909
Gazin 1976
from Bridger B2 at Grizzly Buttes West: see Matthew 1909 and Robinson 1968b
Mammalia - Rodentia - Reithroparamyidae
Reithroparamys delicatissimus n. sp. (Leidy 1871)
Gazin 1976
see Wood 1962
Mammalia - Rodentia - Ischyromyidae
Pseudotomus robustus n. sp. (Marsh 1872)
Gazin 1976
see Wood 1962
Ischyrotomus horribilis n. sp. Wood 1962
Gazin 1976
recombined as Pseudotomus horribilis
from Black's Fork Mbr.: see Wood 1962
Leptotomus sp. Matthew 1910
Korth 1984
size of L. bridgerensis; "L. grandis" Wood 1962 from "Bridger B of Grizzly Buttes West"
Leptotomus parvus n. sp. Wood 1959
Gazin 1976
from Bridger B2: see McGrew 1959, Wood 1962
Thisbemys plicatus n. sp. Wood 1962
Gazin 1976
synonym of Thisbemys corrugatus
from Bridger B3: see Wood 1962
Paramys delicatus Leidy 1871
Wood 1962
Grizzly Buttes East, Bridger B3
Mammalia - Rodentia - Muridae
Mysops minimus n. sp. Leidy 1871
Gazin 1976
see Wilson 1938b
Mysops parvus n. sp. (Marsh 1872)
Gazin 1976
see Wilson 1938b
Mammalia - Rodentia - Sciuravidae
? Tillomys parvidens n. sp. (Marsh 1872)
Gazin 1976
see Wilson 1938b
Sciuravus nitidus n. sp. Marsh 1871
Gazin 1976
see Wilson 1938a; includes type of "S. undans"
Mammalia - Primates - Omomyidae
Uintanius ameghini (Wortman 1904)
Gazin 1958
"lower Bridger"; type of "U. turriculorum" of Matthew 1915c from "Horizon B2"; referred specimen from Bridger B, see Szalay 1976
Omomys carteri Leidy 1869
Alexander and MacPhee 1999
Bridger B2, Grizzly Buttes East
Mammalia - Primates - Microsyopidae
Microsyops elegans n. sp. (Marsh 1871)
Wortman 1903
see also Gunnell 1989
Microsyops gracilis Leidy 1872
Leidy 1873 1 specimen
synonym of Microsyops elegans
Mammalia - Primates - Notharctidae
Notharctus tenebrosus Leidy 1870
Gingerich 1979
Bridger B; includes types of "Thinolestes anceps," "Limnotherium affine," "Notharctus formosus," and "N. osborni"; latter from B2 at Grizzly Buttes West, also referred "N. osborni" from B2 at Grizzly Buttes East and "N. tenebrosus" from B2 and B3, see Granger and Gregory 1917; also includes specimen of Hamrick and Alexander 1996 from "Black's Fork Member... Bridger B... 'Butch Hill' toward the northern end of Grizzly Buttes East, approximately 3 km southwest of the outlying butte Turtle Hill"
Notharctus pugnax Granger and Gregory 1917
Granger and Gregory 1917
synonym of Notharctus tenebrosus
B2 at Grizzly Buttes East and B3 at Grizzly Buttes; confirmed by Gingerich 1979a
Smilodectes gracilis n. sp. (Marsh 1871)
Wortman 1903
from Bridger B: see Gazin 1958a; also includes type of "Notharctus matthewi" from Bridger B2 at Grizzly Buttes East, see Granger and Gregory 1917, Gingerich 1979a; may include tentatively referred "Aphanolemur" of Granger and Gregory 1917 from lower Bridger at Grizzly Buttes West (1 measurement)
unclassified
Baptemys wyomingensis (Leidy 1870)
Hay 1908 2 specimens
original and current combination Emys wyomingensis
AMNH 5934 (shell), 5967 (shell and large portion of the skull)
Scenopagus edenensis (McGrew et al. 1959)
Krishtalka 1976
lower Bridger
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:Wyoming County:Uinta
Coordinates: 41.2° North, 110.5° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:45.2° North, 96.8° West
Basis of coordinate:based on political unit
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Paleogene Epoch:Eocene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 2
*Period:Tertiary
Key time interval:Bridgerian
Age range of interval:50.30000 - 46.20000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Bridger Member:lower
Local section:Bridg Local bed:4
Local order:bottom to top
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: not reported
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:field collection,survey of museum collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:AMNH,USNM,YPM
Collectors:Marsh, Quigley, Harger, Matthew, Thomson, Gazin Collection dates:1870-1872, 1905
Taxonomic list comments:mostly from Bridger B2 according to Matthew 1909 and Osborn 1929
type of "Triacodon nanus" is from Grizzly Buttes: Thorpe 1923a
Metadata
Database number:16228
Authorizer:J. Alroy, P. Mannion, E. Vlachos, P. Barrett, R. Benson, P. Holroyd, M. Carrano Enterer:J. Alroy, M. Carrano, R. Benson, P. Holroyd, E. Vlachos, P. Mannion, T. Cleary
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:1995-03-26 00:00:00 Last modified:2015-04-08 16:25:48
Access level:the public Released:1995-03-26 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

34552.ETE O. C. Marsh. 1872. Notice of some new Tertiary and post-Tertiary birds. The American Journal of Science and Arts, series 3 4(19-24):256-262 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

941 J. P. Alexander and R. D. E. MacPhee. 1999. Skull Morphology of Omomys Carteri. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(3, suppl.):29A [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
6294 J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari]
704 E. S. Gaffney. 1972. The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147(5):245-312 [J. Alroy/M. Sommers/R. Benson]
1613 C. L. Gazin. 1958. A review of the middle and upper Eocene primates of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 136(1):1-112 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
1623 C. L. Gazin. 1976. Mammalian Faunal Zones of the Bridger Middle Eocene. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 26:1-25 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
14538 C. W. Gilmore. 1928. Fossil lizards of North America. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 22(3):1-201 [J. Head/J. Head/M. Carrano]
14699 C. W. Gilmore. 1938. Fossil snakes of North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper (9)1-96 [J. Head/J. Head]
1638 P. D. Gingerich. 1979. Phylogeny of middle Eocene Adapidae (Mammalia, Primates) in North America: Smilodectes and Notharctus. Journal of Paleontology 53(1):153-163 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
1698 W. Granger and W. K. Gregory. 1917. A revision of the Eocene primates of the genus Notharctus. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 37(34) [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]
25055 O. P. Hay. 1907. Descriptions of seven new species of turtles from the Tertiary of the United States. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 23(34):847-863 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
14442ETE O. P. Hay. 1908. The fossil turtles of North America. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 75:1-568 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
58299 J. H. Hutchison. 2006. Bridgeremys (Geoemydidae,Testudines), a new genus from the middle Eocene of North America. In I. G. Danilov and J. F. Parham (eds.), Fossil Turtle Research 1:63-83 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd/M. Uhen]
2105 W. W. Korth. 1984. Earliest Tertiary evolution and radiation of rodents in North America. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 24:1-71 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
2170 L. Krishtalka. 1976. Early Tertiary Adapisoricidae and Erinaceidae (Mammalia, Insectivora) of North America. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 1 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]
46624 W. Langston. 1975. Ziphodont crocodiles: Pristichampsus vorax (Troxell), new combination. Fieldiana: Geology 33(16):291-314 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/M. Carrano]
60456 J. Leidy. 1871. Remarks on a Fossil Testudo from Wyoming. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 23(2):154 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd]
11982 J. Leidy. 1873. Part I. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories. In F. V. Hayden (ed.), Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1:1-358 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Carrano]
39527 O. C. Marsh. 1871. A communication on some new reptiles and fishes from the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1871:103-105 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
69854 O. C. Marsh. 1872. Preliminary description of new Tertiary reptiles. Part I and Part II. The American Journal of Science, series 3 4(22):298-309 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
7017 W. D. Matthew. 1909. The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
25762 C. C. Mook. 1961. Notes on the skull characters of Allognathosuchus polyodon. American Museum Novitates 2072:1-5 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
23754ETE C. C. Mook. 1962. A new species of Brachyuranochampsa (Crocodilia) from the Bridger Beds of Wyoming. American Museum Novitates 2079:1-6 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/J. Alroy]
54603 M. A. Norell and G. W. Storrs. 1989. Catalogue and Review of the Type Fossil Crocodilians in the Yale Peabody Museum. Postilla 203:1-28 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
2708 H. F. Osborn. 1929. New Eurasiatic and American proboscideans. American Museum Novitates 393:1-22 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Carrano]
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