Telen: Huayquerian, Argentina
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Chinchillidae
|
||||||||||
Lagostomus sp.
Brookes 1828
|
||||||||||
14 specimens | ||||||||||
Lagostomus pretrichodactyla
(Rovereto 1914)
|
Montalvo et al. 2023 | |||||||||
GHUNLPam 6270 left mandible with p4-m3, GHUNLPam 6323 right mandible with p4-m3, GHUNLPam 8097 left mandible with i and p4-m1, GHUNLPam 8243 left maxilla with M2-3, GHUNLPam 8502 palate with left P4-M1 and right P4 and broken M1, GHUNLPam 8504 left mandible with p4 and broken m1, GHUNLPam 9403. right maxilla with M2-3, GHUNLPam 9633 left maxilla with P4-M3, GHUNLPam 9897 left maxilla with M2-3, GHUNLPam 14353 right mandible with p4-m3, GHUNLPam 18938 left mandible with i and p4-m3, GHUNLPam 18940 left mandible with p4-m3, GHUNLPam 21658 right mandible with broken i and p4-m2, GHUNLPam 27118 palate with left P4 M2 and broken M3, and right P4 M3. | ||||||||||
Lagostomus telenkechanum
Rasia and Candela 2017
|
Montalvo et al. 2023 | |||||||||
GHUNLPam 6272 right mandible with broken p4 and m1-2, GHUNLPam 6341 right mandible with i and p4-m3, GHUNLPam 6476/1 right maxilla with P4 (juvenile), GHUNLPam 8382 right maxilla with P4-M1 and broken M2, GHUNLPam 8383 left maxilla with P4-M1, GHUNLPam 8390 left maxilla with broken P4 and M1-M3, GHUNLPam 8501 left maxilla with P4-M1, GHUNLPam 9032 palate with both P4-M2, GHUNLPam 9369 palate with right P4-M3 and left M1-3, GHUNLPam 18937 right mandible with i, p4-m2, GHUNLPam 18939 right maxilla with P4-M2, GHUNLPam 27241 right mandible with i and p4-m3, GHUNLPam 27242 right mandible with i and p4-m2. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Dinomyidae
|
||||||||||
Tetrastylus sp.
Ameghino 1886
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
= Tetrastylus laevigatus
Ameghino 1886
|
Sostillo et al. 2022 | |||||||||
GHUNLPam 4637 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Caviidae
|
||||||||||
Caviidae indet.
Gray 1821
|
||||||||||
16 specimens | ||||||||||
Palaeocavia sp.
Ameghino 1889
|
||||||||||
18 specimens | ||||||||||
Dolicavia sp.
Ameghino 1916
|
||||||||||
4 specimens | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Octodontidae
|
||||||||||
Octodontidae indet.
Waterhouse 1839
|
||||||||||
3 specimens | ||||||||||
Metacaremys calfucalel
Piñero et al. 2021
|
Piñero et al. 2021 | |||||||||
GHUNLPam 8494, 6314, 14178, 18889 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Abrocomidae
|
||||||||||
Protabrocoma sp.
Kraglievich 1927
|
||||||||||
13 specimens | ||||||||||
Protabrocoma antiqua
Rovereto 1914
|
Romano et al. 2023 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Echimyidae
|
||||||||||
Echimyidae indet.
Gray 1825
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Theridomysops parvulus
(Rovereto 1914)
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Pampamys emmonsae
Verzi et al. 1995
|
||||||||||
3 specimens | ||||||||||
Reigechimys cf. plesiodon
Verzi et al. 1994
|
||||||||||
7 specimens | ||||||||||
= Reigechimys plesiodon
Verzi et al. 1994
|
Romano et al. 2023 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Ctenomyidae
|
||||||||||
Ctenomyidae indet.
Lesson 1842
|
||||||||||
4 specimens | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Panameriungulata
|
||||||||||
Litopterna indet.
Ameghino 1889
|
||||||||||
3 specimens | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Panameriungulata
- Proterotheriidae
|
||||||||||
Proterotheriidae indet.
Ameghino 1887
|
Schmidt et al. 2018 | |||||||||
cf. Brachytherium cuspidatum
Ameghino 1883
|
Schmidt et al. 2018 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Panameriungulata
- Macraucheniidae
|
||||||||||
Macraucheniinae indet.
(Gervais 1855)
|
Schmidt et al. 2022 | |||||||||
Scalabrinitherium bravardi
Ameghino 1883
|
Romano et al. 2023 | |||||||||
GHUNLPam 8233, right M3 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Procyonidae
|
||||||||||
Cyonasua sp.
Ameghino 1885
|
2 specimens | |||||||||
GHUNLPam 9640, fragment of right hemimandible with p3 and roots of p2, p4, m1 and m2; GHUNLPam 6453, right p4 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Cingulata
- Panochthidae
|
||||||||||
Hoplophorus sp.
Lund 1838
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Cingulata
|
||||||||||
Coscinocercus sp.
Cabrera 1939
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Hoplophractus sp.
Cabrera 1939
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Aspidocalyptus sp.
Cabrera 1939
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Aspidocalyptus castroi
Cabrera 1939
|
Romano et al. 2023 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Cingulata
- Dasypodidae
|
||||||||||
Euphractini indet.
Winge 1923
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Proeuphractus sp.
Ameghino 1886
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Proeuphractus limpidus
Ameghino 1886
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Chorobates villosissimus
Reig 1958
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Zaedyus pichiy
Desmarest 1804
|
Romano et al. 2023 | |||||||||
Macroeuphractus scalabrini
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Macroeuphractus morenoi
(Lydekker 1894)
|
||||||||||
original and current combination Dasypus moreni | ||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Doellotatus inornatus
(Rovereto 1914)
|
||||||||||
original and current combination Eutatus inornatus | ||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Chasicotatus ameghinoi
Scillato-Yané 1977
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Macrochorobates scalabrinii
(Moreno and Mercerat 1891)
|
Romano et al. 2023 | |||||||||
Chorobates scalabrinii | ||||||||||
Vetelia perforata
Scillato-Yané 1977
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Nothrotheriidae
|
||||||||||
Mcdonaldocnus sp.
Gaudin et al. 2022
|
Miño-Boilini et al. 2023 | |||||||||
GHUNLPam 6375, GHUNLPam 21661 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Mylodontidae
|
||||||||||
Mylodontidae indet.
Ameghino 1889
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Proscelidodon gracillimus
Rovereto 1914
|
Montalvo et al. 2020 | |||||||||
GHUNLPam 9525, 4996 and 3927 | ||||||||||
Elassotherium sp.
Cabrera 1939
|
||||||||||
synonym of Proscelidodon | ||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Notoungulata
- Mesotheriidae
|
||||||||||
Mesotheriinae indet.
Alston 1876
|
||||||||||
6 specimens | ||||||||||
Pseudotypotherium subinsigne
Rovereto 1914
|
Sostillo et al. 2021 | |||||||||
GHUNLPam 8230, 18752 | ||||||||||
Typotheriopsis chasicoensis
Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
|
Sostillo et al. 2021 | |||||||||
GHUNLPam 18750 | ||||||||||
Typotheriopsis silveyrai
Cabrera 1937
|
Sostillo et al. 2021 | |||||||||
synonym of Typotheriopsis chasicoensis | ||||||||||
GHUNLPam 9048 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Notoungulata
|
||||||||||
Hemihegetotherium achataleptum
Rovereto 1914
|
Sostillo et al. 2021 | |||||||||
Tremacyllus impressus
(Ameghino 1888)
|
Sostillo et al. 2018 | |||||||||
GHUNLPam multiple specimens | ||||||||||
Paedotherium minor
Cabrera 1937
|
||||||||||
120 specimens | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Didelphimorphia
- Sparassocynidae
|
||||||||||
Sparassocynidae indet.
Reig 1958
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Didelphimorphia
|
||||||||||
Thylatheridium sp.
Reig 1952
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Thylatheridium hudsoni
Goin and Montalvo 1988
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Thylatheridium dolgopolae
Reig 1952
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Didelphinae indet.
Gray 1827
|
||||||||||
2 specimens | ||||||||||
Hyperdidelphys pattersoni
Reig 1952
|
||||||||||
2 specimens | ||||||||||
Hesperocynus dogolpolae
|
Romano et al. 2023 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Sparassodonta
- Borhyaenidae
|
||||||||||
Borhyaenidae indet.
Savage 1951
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Argyrolagidae
|
||||||||||
Argyrolagidae indet.
Ameghino 1904
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Chelidae
|
||||||||||
Chelidae indet.
Gray 1825
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Reptilia
|
||||||||||
Tupinambis sp.
Daudin 1802
|
||||||||||
1 specimen | ||||||||||
Aves indet.
Linnaeus 1758
|
||||||||||
7 specimens | ||||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | Argentina | State/province: | La Pampa |
Coordinates: | 36.3° South, 65.5° West (view map) | ||
Paleocoordinates: | 36.5° South, 63.3° West | ||
Basis of coordinate: | stated in text | ||
Geographic resolution: | small collection |
Time
Period: | Neogene | Epoch: | Miocene |
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 | ||
Key time interval: | Huayquerian | ||
Age range of interval: | 9.00000 - 6.80000 m.y. ago | ||
Age estimate: | 7.09 Ma (Ar/Ar)7.427 to 6.689 Ma (Ar/Ar) |
Stratigraphy
Formation: | Cerro Azul | ||||
Stratigraphic resolution: | group of beds | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: The Cerro Azul Formation crops out in most of La Pampa Province, except in the southern region (Linares et al., 1980). It is a continental, nearly flat-lying unit composed of massive, pale red to pinkish siltstones and fine-grained sandstones with interbedded, poorly developed palaeosols (e.g., Linares et al., 1980; Goin et al., 2000). This lithostratigraphic unit is considered the distal portion of a clastic wedge related to the late Cenozoic Andean fold and thrust belt that is well developed in the neighbouring Mendoza Province. The maximum outcropping thickness is about 40 m, although the exposures are generally less than 5 m thick. The Cerro Azul Formation has yielded numerous vertebrate remains, specially mammals, which are referred to the Huayquerian land mammal age, which is of late Miocene age (Pascual and Bondesio, 1982; Montalvo and Casadío, 1988; Goin et al., 2000; Verzi et al., 1991, 1994, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2004; Montalvo et al., 1995, 1996, 1998; Esteban et al., 2001; Cerdeño and Montalvo, 2001, 2002). The base of the Cerro Azul Formation is covered and its top is overlain by Pliocene and younger (mostly aeolian) sediments or is composed of a discontinuous calcrete crust that forms a resistant layer responsible for the preservation from erosion of the unit. In the subsurface, the unit reaches ~370 m thick overlying older Cenozoic sediments or basement rocks (De Elorriaga and Tullio, 1998).
Schmidt et al. 2018: Figure 2 illustrates the stratigraphic distribution of the locality giving a general age estimate of 7.2-7.5Ma Romano et al. 2023: The presented 40Ar/39Ar “escoria” age estimate for Telén (average of 7.09 Ma) is contained in the older range of our previous inference. |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | paleosol/pedogenic,brown,gray lithified calcareous siltstone |
Secondary lithology: | fine lithified sandstone |
Includes fossils? | Y |
Lithology description: The lithology of the section is monotonous, and mostly composed of carbonate-cemented greyish orange pink (5 YR 7/2) siltstones and fine-grained sandstones. The distinction of horizons in the soil profiles is poor and the stacked palaeosols are 1.7 m (lower) and 1.9 m (upper) thick. Both palaeosols are separated by a 2 to 7 cm thick, discontinuous bed of laminated, greyish-pink mudstone with mudcracks. Beneath the lower palaeosol lies a 0.5 m thick interval with poor pedogenic modification, which is a siltstone with abundant glass shards and no carbonate cementation. Each palaeosol exhibits a 1.2 to 1.4 m thick interval with greater carbonate cementation that is considered as a calcic horizon. The upper soil profile shows a second uppermost horizon, 0.30 m thick, more clayey than the rest of de soil, with fine prismatic peds and Celliforma isp. (fossil bee cell). Most conspicuous features of both palaeosols include pervasive (although not uniform) carbonate (micritic calcite) cementation, pedogenic slickensides and clastic dykes. Carbonate cementation is not homogeneous in the section. Calcium carbonate content is minimum (~1%) in the lower part of each palaeosol, increasing upward (~10%). At the field, carbonate cement appears as calcareous concretions with dominantly sub-vertical arrangement (up to 15 cm long and 5 cm diameter) and scarce nodules (1 to 2 cm in diameter). Pedogenic slickensides constitute curved, striated, clayey surfaces with a circular roughly concentric arrangement in plan view and a conical 3D pattern. These structures are 0.2 to 0.7 m in diameter and 1 m deep. Clastic dykes are 1 to 7 cm thick, sub-vertical, and filled by two to four pairs of symmetrical muddy laminae showing subtle lithology and colour contrasts. The classic dykes show no preferred orientation. | |
Environment: | "floodplain" |
Geology comments: The recovered fauna, notoungulates and rodents specially, is indicative of steppes or herbaceous plains. Particularly, the hegetotheriid Paedotherium minor (Notoungulata) was a typical dweller of these environments in dry to humid warm climates (Bond et al., 1995), very abundant in this region during the late Miocene (Zetti, 1972; Cerdeño and Bond, 1998; Montalvo, 2004).
Schmidt et al. 2018: Deposits at Telen, Bajo Giuliani, El Guanaco and Caleufú were interpreted as loess-like deposits with immature palaeosols and little diagenetic alteration |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body,original phosphate |
Degree of concentration: | -multiple events |
Size of fossils: | mesofossils,microfossils |
Spatial orientation: | random |
Temporal resolution: | condensed |
Spatial resolution: | autochthonous |
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods: | bulk,sieve,field collection |
Collection size: | 11647 specimens |
Reason for describing collection: | taphonomic analysis |
Collection method comments: The collection includes all materials from surface prospecting. The low gradient of the modern margin of the depression favoured the erosive action by physical processes that loosened the fossils from the host material. For this reason, bone remains are frequently found in small concentrations produced by running water during rains. During a single visit to the site, 1955 specimens were recovered, 94.53% of them loose, and just 5.47% within the host material. Both the loose and in situ remains appeared throughout the exposed surface of the two palaeosol levels, randomly distributed, disarticulated and dispersed. The in situ material was found scattered in the host siltstone as well as in calcite concretions. | |
Taxonomic list comments:No complete skulls or skeletons were found in the studied assemblage. The whole recovered sample comprises 11,647 pieces, including 5598 anatomically and taxonomically iden- tified remains, and 6049 undetermined fragments, mostly splinters. Taxonomically determined remains include 1277 isolated postcranial elements attributed to undeterminable Mammalia, 23 to undeterminable Aves, 2894 scutes of xenarthran carapaces, and five tortoise scutes. Besides, there are 1396 cranial elements (including isolated teeth) assigned to different mammal taxa and three to Teiidae reptiles. |
Metadata
Also known as: | Telén | ||
Database number: | 152061 | ||
Authorizer: | C. Jaramillo, J. Carrillo, P. Mannion | Enterer: | A. Cárdenas, K. Pino, P. Mannion, G. Varnham, M. Kouvari |
Modifier: | G. Varnham | Research group: | vertebrate |
Created: | 2013-11-05 06:16:09 | Last modified: | 2023-12-21 10:56:30 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2013-11-05 06:16:09 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
48756. | C. I. Montalvo, R. N. Melchor, G. Visconti and E. Cerdeño. 2008. Vertebrate taphonomy in loess-palaeosol deposits: A case study from the late Miocene of Central Argentina. Geobios 41:133-143 [C. Jaramillo/A. Cárdenas] |
Secondary references:
86907 | D. Hontecillas, L. H. Soibelzon, C. I. Montalvo and R. A. Bonini. 2023. Cyonasua zettii sp. nov. (Procyonidae, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Central Argentina and a review of the fossil record of Cerro Azul Formation. Historical Biology [E. Vlachos/F. Aspromonte/P. Mannion] | |
85272 | A. R. Miño-Boilini, D. Brandoni, C. I. Montalvo, R. L. Tomassini, D. Barasoain and A. E. Zurita. 2023. New cranio-dental remains of Nothrotheriinae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Folivora) from the Late Miocene of Central Argentina. Historical Biology 35(8):1435-1443 [J. Carrillo/K. Pino] | |
73341 | C. I. Montalvo, A. R. Miño-Boilini, R. Sostillo, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Cardonatto and R. A. Bonini. 2020. The Scelidotheriinae Proscelidodon gracillimus (Xenarthra: Mylodontidae) from the Cerro Azul Formation (late Miocene), Argentina: Ontogenetic variability and taxonomy. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 102754 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion] | |
85601 | C. I. Montalvo, R. Sostillo, and L. L. Rasia. 2023. New light on the late Middle Miocene–Early Pliocene representatives of Lagostomus (Chinchillidae, Rodentia) from Cerro Azul Formation, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 128(104481) [J. Carrillo/K. Pino] | |
85280 | P. Piñero, D. H. Verzi, A. I. Olivares, C. I. Montalvo, R. L. Tomassini and A. Fernández Villoldo. 2021. Evolutionary pattern of Metacaremys gen. nov. (Rodentia, Octodontidae) and its biochronological implications for the late Miocene and early Pliocene of southern South America. Papers in Palaeontology 7(4):1859-1917 [J. Carrillo/K. Pino/P. Mannion] | |
85650 | C. O. Romano, R. Bonini, S. Hemming, M. Cenizo, U. F. J. Pardiñas and F. J. Prevosti. 2023. Advances in the understanding of Neogene mammalian fauna in the Pampean region (central Argentina) through revising “biozone” hypotheses based on new dates and biochronological analyses. Ameghiniana 60(5):465-491 [J. Carrillo/K. Pino] | |
69166 | G. I. Schmidt, C. I. Montalvo, R. Sostillo and E. Cerdeño. 2018. Proterotheriidae (Mammalia, Litopterna) from the Cerro Azul Formation (late Miocene), La Pampa Province, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 83:165-177 [P. Mannion/G. Varnham] | |
86911 | G. I. Schmidt, C. I. Montalvo, E. Cerdeño, R. Sostillo, R. L. Tomassini and R. A. Bonini. 2022. Updated data on Litopterna from the Huayquerian Stage/Age (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of central-east Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21(32):721-743 [P. Mannion/G. Varnham/P. Mannion] | |
85304 | R. Sostillo, M. C. Cardonatto, L. Kerber and C. I. Moltalvo. 2022. Taxonomic and ontogenetic diversity of Dinomyidae (Rodentia) from the late Miocene-early Pliocene of La Pampa province (Argentina) based on cranio-dental remains. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 114:103704 [J. Carrillo/K. Pino/P. Mannion] | |
72326 | R. Sostillo, E. Cerdeno, and C. I. Montalvo. 2018. Taxonomic implications of a large sample of Tremacyllus (Hegetotheriidae: Pachyrukhinae) from the late Miocene Cerro Azul formation of La Pampa, Argentina. Ameghiniana 55(4):407-422 [P. Mannion/M. Kouvari] | |
84590 | R. Sostillo, C. I. Montalvo, E. Cerdeño, G. I. Schmidt, A. Folguera and M. C. Cardonatto. 2021. Updated knowledge on the Notoungulata (Mammalia) from the late Miocene Cerro Azul Formation, La Pampa Province, Argentina. Historical Biology An International Journal of Paleobiology 33(8):1247-1265 [J. Carrillo/K. Pino] | |
70799 | J. J. Urrutia, C. I. Montalvo, and G. J. Scillato-Yane. 2008. Dasypodidae (Xenarthra, Cingulata) de la Formación Cerro Azul (Mioceno tardío) de la provincia de La Pampa, Argentina. Ameghiniana 45(2):289-302 [P. Mannion/M. Kouvari] |