PBDB Collection

Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620): Late/Upper Maastrichtian, Wyoming
collected by W. A. Clemens

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Physidae

	cf. Physa sp. Draparnaud 1801	Estes 1964
Gastropoda - Viviparidae

	cf. Lioplacodes sp. Meek and Hayden 1864	Estes 1964

	cf. Viviparus sp. Montfort 1810	Estes 1964
Gastropoda - Hydrobiidae

	Reesidella sp. Yen 1952	Estes 1964
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Corbiculidae

	? Corbiculidae indet. Gray 1847	Estes 1964
Bivalvia - Unionida - Unionidae

	Unionidae indet. Rafinesque 1820	Estes 1964
Actinopteri - Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae

	Lepisosteus occidentalis (Leidy 1856)	Estes 1964	30 specimens
	original and current combination Lepidotus occidentalis
Actinopteri - Amiiformes - Amiidae

	cf. Protamia sp. (Leidy 1873)	Estes 1964	1 specimen
	UCMP 56277; also listed as Amia sp.

	Kindleia fragosa Jordan 1927	Estes 1964	209 specimens
	recombined as Cyclurus fragosus
	UCMP 46084, 47070-47072, 47075-47081, 54013-54014, 54025-54030, 54043-54044, 54047-54051, 54054-54056, 54059-54060, 54063-54068, 54083-54087, 54089-54091, 54095-54103, 54106-54120, 54141, 54144-54157, 54163-54166, 54174-54177, 54189, 54191-54195; + >105 unnumbered specimens

	Melvius cf. thomasi Bryant 1987	Database 2005	165 specimens
Actinopteri - Elopiformes - Elopidae

	Elopidae indet. Bonaparte 1846	Estes 1964	1 specimen
	scale fragments
Actinopteri - Albuliformes - Albulidae

	Albulidae indet. Bleeker 1859	Estes 1964	53 specimens
	UCMP 54167, 54169 + 1 unnumbered specimen
	= Coriops amnicolus Estes 1969	Estes et al. 1969
Actinopteri - Sciaenidae

	Platacodon nanus Marsh 1889	Estes 1964	29 specimens
	UCMP 46109, 53689-53709, 53711-53717; dentaries only (UCMPM 53708-53709, 53711-53711, 53717) referred to Estesesox foxi by Wilson et al. 1992
Actinopteri - Aspidorhynchiformes - Aspidorhynchidae

	Belonostomus longirostris (Lambe 1902)	Estes 1964	11 specimens
	UCMP 53979-53989
Mammalia - Gypsonictopidae

	Gypsonictops hypoconus Simpson 1927	Clemens 1973	150 specimens
Mammalia - Cimolestidae

	Cimolestes incisus Marsh 1889	Clemens 1973	22 specimens

	Cimolestes stirtoni Clemens 1973	Clemens 1973	5 specimens
Mammalia - Glasbiidae

	Glasbius intricatus Clemens 1966	Clemens 1966	3 specimens
Mammalia - Pediomyidae

	Pediomys elegans Marsh 1889	Clemens 1966	106 specimens
	(3 measurements)

	Pediomys florencae Clemens 1966	Clemens 1966	39 specimens
	recombined as Protolambda florencae
	(3 measurements)

	Pediomys hatcheri (Osborn 1898)	Clemens 1966	31 specimens
	original and current combination Protolambda hatcheri
	(3 measurements)

	Pediomys cooki Clemens 1966	Clemens 1966	55 specimens
	recombined as Leptalestes cooki
	(3 measurements)

	Pediomys krejcii Clemens 1966	Clemens 1966	35 specimens
	recombined as Leptalestes krejcii
	this IS the type locality according to Clemens 1973 (3 measurements)
Mammalia - Alphadontidae

	Alphadon rhaister Clemens 1966		14 specimens
	recombined as Turgidodon rhaister

	Alphadon marshi Simpson 1927	Clemens 1966	36 specimens
	includes A. marshi sensu stricto according to Clemens 1973; A. "wilsoni" present according to Lillegraven 1969 (3 measurements)
Mammalia

	Alphadon lulli n. sp. Clemens 1966		17 specimens
	recombined as Protalphadon lulli

	Nortedelphys minimus Case et al. 2004	Case et al. 2004

	Nortedelphys intermedius Case et al. 2004	Case et al. 2004
	synonym of Nortedelphys jasoni
Mammalia - Stagodontidae

	Didelphodon vorax Marsh 1889	Clemens 1966	106 specimens
Mammalia - Deltatheroida

	cf. Deltatheroides sp. Gregory and Simpson 1926	Fox 1974	2 specimens
	two unidentified therian teeth figured by Clemens 1973
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Cimolodontidae

	Cimolodon nitidus Marsh 1889		248 specimens
	(6 measurements)
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Neoplagiaulacidae

	Mesodma thompsoni n. sp. Clemens 1964		84 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Mesodma formosa (Marsh 1889)		87 specimens
	confirmed by Novacek and Clemens 1977 (1 measurement)

	Mesodma hensleighi Lillegraven 1969	Novacek and Clemens 1977	16 specimens
	(1 measurement)
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Eucosmodontidae

	Kimbetohia campi Simpson 1936		1 specimen
	= Clemensodon megaloba n. gen., n. sp. Krause 1992	Krause 1992
	replaces ID of Clemens 1973 and Sloan 1981; "? M. sp." of Clemens' original list
Mammalia - Multituberculata

	Cimexomys minor Sloan and Van Valen 1965	Clemens 1973	4 specimens
	six M1 specimens of "Mesodma sp." of Clemens 1964a
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Cimolomyidae

	Meniscoessus robustus (Marsh 1889)		105 specimens
	(6 measurements)

	Cimolomys gracilis Marsh 1889		47 specimens
	(1 measurement)
Reptilia

	Sauriscus cooki n. gen., n. sp. Estes 1964	Estes 1964	12 specimens
	recombined as Estescincosaurus cooki
	UCMP 46088, 47811-47813, 47827-47828, 47831, 49994-49995, 50017-50019
Reptilia - Chamopsiidae

	Chamops segnis Marsh 1892	Estes 1964	17 specimens
	UCMP 46032-46033, 46094, 46100, 46614, 47782, 49833, 49871-49872, 49874, 49877-49878, 49880-49881, 49888, 50029, 54217

	Meniscognathus altmani n. gen., n. sp. Estes 1964	Estes 1964	15 specimens
	UCMP 46064, 46079, 46081, 46085, 46101, 46106, 46609-46610, 47834, 47846, 47848, 47853, 47859, 47865-47866

	Leptochamops denticulatus (Gilmore 1928)	Estes 1964	18 specimens
	UCMP 46069, 47784, 47790, 47796-47798, 47800, 47825, 47803, 47806, 49901, 49904, 49906-49907, 49909, 49912, 49914, 49917

	Haptosphenus placodon n. gen., n. sp. Estes 1964	Estes 1964	6 specimens
	UCMP 46035, 49946-49947, 49949-49950, 50031
Reptilia - Xenosauridae

	Exostinus lancensis Gilmore 1928	Estes 1964	11 specimens
	UCMP 46053, 46076, 46090, 46606, 47772, 47829, 50015-50016, 50024, 56091-56092
Reptilia

	Paraderma bogerti Estes 1964	Estes 1964	4 specimens
	UCMP 49895, 49936, 49939, 49940
Reptilia - Anguidae

	Peltosaurus piger Gilmore 1928	Estes 1964	41 specimens
	recombined as Odaxosaurus piger
	UCMP 45935, 46017, 46072, 46089, 46096, 46607, 46611, 46624, 47753-47768, 49921-49933, 49959, 59992, 50030, 56056

	cf. Gerrhonotus sp. Wiegmann 1828	Estes 1964	5 specimens
	UCMP 45938, 47766, 49931-49932, 49934
Reptilia

	Litakis gilmorei n. gen., n. sp. Estes 1964	Estes 1964	1 specimen
	UCMP 47815

	Parasaniwa wyomingensis Gilmore 1928	Estes 1964	10 specimens
	UCMP 46041, 46603, 46036, 47742, 47746, 47752, 49891-49892, 49900, 49935

	Colpodontosaurus cracens n. gen., n. sp. Estes 1964	Estes 1964	3 specimens
	UCMP 46608, 49938, 49957

	Cemeterius monstrosus Longrich et al. 2012	Longrich et al. 2012	1 specimen
	UCMP 49954, isolated tooth

	Palaeosaniwa canadensis Gilmore 1928	Estes 1964	6 specimens
	UCMP 46051, 49952-49956
	= Varanoidea indet. Gray 1827	Gao and Fox 1996
Reptilia - Iguanidae

	Iguanidae indet. Oppel 1811	Database 2005	5 specimens
Reptilia

	Coniophis precedens Marsh 1892	Longrich et al. 2012	34 specimens
	nomen dubium belonging to Serpentes
	UCMP 45940, 46060, 46070, 50001‐50014, 53924‐ 53929, 54219 (vertebrae); UCMP 53935, 49998, 49999 (maxilla) and UCMP 49997, 50000 (dentaries)
Reptilia - Baenidae

	? Baenidae indet. Cope 1882	Estes 1964	1 specimen

	Baenidae sp. Cope 1882	Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
	Voucher: UCMP 72936

	Plesiobaena sp. Gaffney 1972	Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
	Voucher: UCMP 49759

	Eubaena cephalica (Hay 1904)	Estes 1964	1 specimen
	UCMP 49759
	= Plesiobaena antiqua Lambe 1902	Gaffney 1972
	UCMP 49759 (an almost complete skull)

	Peckemys brinkman Lyson and Joyce 2009	Lyson and Joyce 2009	1 specimen
	recombined as Cedrobaena brinkman
	UCMP 49795 (skull)
Reptilia

	Compsemys sp. Leidy 1856	Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
	Voucher: UCMP 72897

	Compsemys victa (Leidy 1856)	Estes 1964	1 specimen
Reptilia - Testudines - Chelydridae

	cf. Chelydridae indet. Swainson 1839	Database 2005	44 specimens

	Chelydridae sp. Swainson 1839	Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
	Vouchers: UCMP 125776–788
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae

	Trionychidae sp. Gray 1825	Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
	Vouchesr: UCMP 73028–29

	Aspideretes beecheri Hay 1904	Estes 1964	1 specimen
	recombined as Trionyx beecheri
Reptilia - Testudines - Adocidae

	Adocus sp. Cope 1868	Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
	Voucher: UCMP 173439
Reptilia - Testudines

	Kinosternoidae sp. Holroyd and Hutchison 2002	Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
	Voucher: UCMP 125762
Reptilia - Testudines - Nanhsiungchelyidae

	Basilemys sp. Hay 1902	Estes 1964	1 specimen

	Basilemys sp. Hay 1902	Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
	Voucher: UCMP 72901
Reptilia - Testudines - Emydidae

	Emydinae indet. Rafinesque 1815	Estes 1964	1 specimen
	"near Pseudemys?"
Reptilia - Testudines

	Plastomeninae sp. (Hay 1902)	Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
	spelled with current rank as Plastomenidae
	Voucher: UCMP 173441

	Helopanoplia sp. Hay 1908	Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
	Voucher: UCMP 173440
Reptilia

	Champsosaurus sp. Cope 1876	Estes et al. 1969	1 specimen

	Leidyosuchus sternbergi (Gilmore 1910)	Estes et al. 1969	1 specimen
	recombined as Borealosuchus sternbergii

	Brachychampsa montana Gilmore 1911	Estes et al. 1969	1 specimen
Reptilia - Pterosauria

	? Pterosauria indet. Kaup 1834	Estes 1964	1 specimen
Reptilia - Ankylosauridae

	Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown 1908	Carpenter 1982	1 specimen
	UCMP 124399
Reptilia

	Pachycephalosaurus grangeri Brown and Schlaikjer 1943	Database 2005	1 specimen
	synonym of Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis
Reptilia - Ceratopsidae

	cf. Triceratops sp. Marsh 1889	Estes 1964	2 specimens
Reptilia

	Thescelosaurus neglectus Gilmore 1913	Estes 1964	6 specimens
	UCMP 124972-124977
	= Thescelosaurus sp. Gilmore 1913	Carpenter 1982
Reptilia - Hadrosauridae

	cf. Anatosaurus sp. Lull and Wright 1942	Estes 1964	2 specimens
	synonym of Edmontosaurus
Reptilia - Theropoda

	Theropoda indet. Marsh 1881	Carpenter 1982	1 specimen
	UCM 45063

	? Theropoda indet. Marsh 1881	Estes 1964	22 specimens
	AMNH 8113
Reptilia - Ornithomimidae

	cf. Ornithomimus sp. Marsh 1890	Estes 1964	1 specimen
Reptilia - Tyrannosauridae

	Aublysodon mirandus Leidy 1868	Carpenter 1982	1 specimen
	nomen dubium belonging to Tyrannosauridae
	UCMP 124399

	cf. Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn 1905	Estes 1964
Reptilia

	cf. Dryptosaurus sp. Marsh 1877	Estes 1964

	Paronychodon lacustris Cope 1876	Estes 1964	6 specimens
	nomen dubium belonging to Paronychodon

	cf. Paronychodon lacustris Cope 1876	Sankey 2008	25 specimens
	nomen dubium belonging to Paronychodon
	UCMP 53283, 124400, 187086-7, 187089, 187091-3, 187096, 187098-100, 187102, 187108, 187112, 187114, 187120-1, 187123, 187126, 187128, 187130, 187133-4, 187156, 187162, 187164
Reptilia - Troodontidae

	Troodon sp. Leidy 1856	Sankey 2008	18 specimens

	cf. Saurornithoides sp. Osborn 1924	Estes 1964	5 specimens
	AMNH 8114

	Pectinodon bakkeri Carpenter 1982	Carpenter 1982	19 specimens
	UCMP 125240-125247, 187059, 187063, 187065-9, 187073-6
Reptilia - Dromaeosauridae

	cf. Saurornitholestes sp. Sues 1978	Sankey 2008	3 specimens
	UCMP 187070, 124401, 187079
	= Saurornitholestinae indet. Longrich and Currie 2009	Larson and Currie 2013

	Dromaeosauridae indet. Colbert and Russell 1969	Carpenter 1982	5 specimens
	UCM 45505; UCMP 187124-5, 187129, 187105
	= cf. Zapsalis sp. Cope 1876	Larson and Currie 2013

	Richardoestesia cf. isosceles Sankey 2001	Sankey 2008	4 specimens
	UCMP 213984, 187102
Reptilia - Hesperornithiformes

	Potamornis skutchi n. gen., n. sp. Elzanowski et al. 2001	Elzanowski et al. 2001	1 specimen
	? Hesperornithiformes, family unknown
Reptilia - Charadriiformes - Cimolopterygidae

	Ceramornis major n. gen., n. sp. Brodkorb 1963	Brodkorb 1963	1 specimen
	UCMP 53959

	aff. Cimolopteryx sp. Marsh 1889	Estes 1964

	Cimolopteryx rara (Marsh 1889)	Estes 1964	3 specimens
	UCMP 53962, 53963, 53964
Reptilia

	Neornithes informal indet. sp. 3 (Gadow 1893)	Hope 2002	1 specimen
	UCMP 53960

	Lonchodytes pterygius n. sp. Brodkorb 1963	Brodkorb 1963	1 specimen
	nomen dubium belonging to Neornithes
	UCMP 53961
Reptilia - Ciconiiformes

	Ciconiiformes indet. Bonaparte 1854	Estes 1964
Reptilia - Pelecaniformes

	Torotix clemensi n. gen., n. sp. Brodkorb 1963	Brodkorb 1963	1 specimen
	UCMP 53958
Reptilia - Gaviiformes

	Gaviiformes indet. Wetmore and Miller 1926	Estes 1964
Reptilia

	Lonchodytes estesi n. gen., n. sp. Brodkorb 1963	Brodkorb 1963	1 specimen
	UCMP 53954

	Neornithes informal indet. sp. 2 (Gadow 1893)	Hope 2002	1 specimen
	UCMP 53969
	= Galloanseres indet. Sibley and Ahlquist 1990	Elzanowski and Stidham 2011
	original and current combination Galloanserae
	quadrate; originally referred to Cimolopteryx rara by Brodkorb (1963)
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Urodela

	Lisserpeton bairdi Estes 1965	Estes et al. 1969	1 specimen

	Scapherpeton tectum Cope 1876	Estes 1964	508 specimens
	UCMP 46507-49508, 49516-49517, 49541-49543, 49548, + >500 unnumbered elements

	Habrosaurus dilatus Gilmore 1928	Estes 1964	35 specimens
	UCMP 46013, 46043, 46046, 46054, 46062, 46065, 46073, 46077, 46083, 46097, 46104, 46107, 46460, 46612, 46613, 46627, 49491-49500, 49505-49506, 49518-49519, 49537, 55714-55717

	Plethodontidae indet. Gray 1850	Database 2005	1 specimen
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Batrachosauroididae

	Prodesmodon copei n. gen., n. sp. Estes 1964	Estes 1964	16 specimens
	UCMP 49509, 49511, 49533-49536, 49538-49540, 55775, 55777-55780, 55782-55783

	Cuttysarkus mcnallyi n. gen., n. sp. Estes 1964	Estes 1964	11 specimens
	synonym of Prodesmodon copei
	UCMP 46061, 46066, 46095, 49526-49527, 49941-49944, 49995, 54218

	Opisthotriton kayi Auffenberg 1961	Estes 1964	19 specimens
	UCMP 46063, 46078, 47817, 49501-49504, 49512-49514, 49520-49521, 49526, 49528-49532, 50021
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Palaeobatrachidae

	cf. Barbourula sp. Taylor and Noble 1924	Estes 1964	1 specimen
	UCMP 55704
	= Palaeobatrachus occidentalis n. sp. Estes and Sanchíz 1982	Estes and Sanchíz 1982
Amphibia - Temnospondyli

	? Ascaphidae indet. Fejérváry 1923	Estes 1964	1 specimen
	UCMP 55703
	= Scotiophryne pustulosa Estes 1969	Estes 1969

	Neobatrachia indet. Reig 1958	Estes 1964	2 specimens
	2 urostyles
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Hylidae

	aff. Hylidae indet. Rafinesque 1815	Estes 1964	2 specimens
	UCMP 55707, 55710; Neobatrachidae "near Hylidae?"
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Leptodactylidae

	aff. Leptodactylidae indet. Stirton 1953	Estes 1964	1 specimen
	AMNH 8102, Neobatrachidae "near Leptodactylidae?"
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Pelobatidae

	? Pelobatidae indet. Lataste 1879	Estes 1964	26 specimens
	UCMP 55708-55709, 55711-55713 + 21 unnumbered specimens
	= Eopelobates sp. Parker 1929	Estes and Sanchíz 1982
	= cf. Eopelobates sp. Parker 1929	Gardner 2008
Amphibia - Temnospondyli

	Paradiscoglossus americanus Estes and Sanchíz 1982	Estes and Sanchíz 1982	1 specimen
	UCMP 125830
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Albanerpetontidae

	Albanerpetontidae indet. Fox and Naylor 1982	Gardner 2000	2 specimens
	UCMP 49534, 49536

	Albanerpeton nexuosus n. sp. Estes 1981	Estes 1981	4 specimens
	UCMP 49547, 49535, 49538, 49540
Acipenseriformes - Acipenseridae

	Acipenser eruciferus (Cope 1876)	Estes 1964	1 specimen
	UCMP 53904
Acipenseriformes - Polyodontidae

	Paleopsephurus wilsoni MacAlpin 1947	Estes et al. 1969	1 specimen
Chondrichthyes - Orectolobiformes - Orectolobidae

	Squatirhina americana n. sp. Estes 1964	Estes 1964	1 specimen
	recombined as Restesia americana
	UCMP 55820
Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes - Rhinobatidae

	Myledaphus bipartitus Cope 1876	Estes 1964	10 specimens
	AMNH 9203-9213
Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes - Sclerorhynchidae

	Ischyrhiza avonicola n. sp. Estes 1964	Estes 1964	7 specimens
	UCMP 53911, 53912, 53914, 53915, 53916, 53918, 62828
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Lonchidiidae

	Lonchidion selachos n. gen., n. sp. Estes 1964	Estes 1964	6 specimens
	UCMP 53898-53903
see common names

Geography

Country:	United States	State/province:	Wyoming	County:	Niobrara
Coordinates:	43.1° North, 104.6° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	49.6° North, 79.5° West
Basis of coordinate:	estimated from map
Geographic resolution:	small collection

Time

Period:	Cretaceous	Epoch:	Late/Upper Cretaceous
Stage:	Maastrichtian	10 m.y. bin:	Cretaceous 8
*Epoch:	Senonian
Key time interval:	Late/Upper Maastrichtian
Age range of interval:	72.10000 - 66.00000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields

Stratigraphy

Formation:	Lance
Stratigraphic resolution:	bed

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	carbonaceous sandstone
Includes fossils?	Y
Lithology description: "sandstone + lignites"
Environment:	terrestrial indet.

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	body
Lagerst�tten type:	concentrate
Degree of concentration:	concentrated
Size of fossils:	mesofossils

Collection methods and comments

Collection methods:	bulk,surface (float),sieve,field collection
Reason for describing collection:	general faunal/floral analysis
Museum repositories:	UCMP
Collectors:	W. A. Clemens
Taxonomic list comments:this is NOT Hatcher's locality No. 2, which is UCMP V-5815

Metadata

Also known as:	Lull's Locality 2
Database number:	14585
Authorizer:	J. Alroy, R. Benson, M. Carrano, P. Mannion	Enterer:	J. Alroy, P. Mannion, M. Carrano, R. Benson
Modifier:	M. Carrano	Research group:	vertebrate
Created:	1994-07-26 00:00:00	Last modified:	2021-09-02 13:09:29
Access level:	the public	Released:	1994-07-26 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:	CC BY

Reference information

Primary reference:

1239.

W. A. Clemens. 1964. Fossil mammals of the type Lance Formation, Wyoming. Part I. Introduction and Marsupialia. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 48:1-105 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]

Secondary references:

71136		V. M. Arbour and J. C. Mallon. 2017. Unusual cranial and postcranial anatomy in the archetypal ankylosaur Ankylosaurus magniventris. Facets 2(2):764-794 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
33900	ETE	P. Brodkorb. 1963. Birds from the Upper Cretaceous of Wyoming. Proceedings of the XIII International Ornithological Congress 55-70 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
12202	ETE	K. Carpenter. 1982. Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 20(2):123-134 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
31410		J. A. Case, F. J. Goin, and M. O. Woodburne. 2004. "South American" marsupials from the Late Cretaceous of North America and the origin of marsupial cohorts. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 11(3/4):223-255 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
1241		W. A. Clemens. 1966. Fossil mammals from the type Lance Formation, Wyoming. Part II. Marsupialia. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 62:1-122 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
1242		W. A. Clemens. 1973. Fossil mammals of the type Lance Formation, Wyoming. Part III. Eutheria and summary. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 94:1-102 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
77911		T. D. Cook, M. G. Newbrey, D. B. Brinkman and J. I. Kirkland. 2014. Euselachians from the freshwater deposits of the Hell Creek Formation of Montana. In G. P. Wilson, W. A. Clemens, J. R. Horner, J. H. Hartman (eds.), Through the End of the Cretaceous in the Type Locality of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana and Adjacent Areas. Geological Society of America Special Paper 503:229-246 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
13103		U.C.M.P. Database. 2005. UCMP collections database. University of California Museum of Paleontology [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
6735		A. Elzanowski, G. S. Paul, and T. A. Stidham. 2001. An avian quadrate from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation of Wyoming. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(4):712-719 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
38517		A. Elzanowski and T. A. Stidham. 2011. A galloanserine quadrate from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation of Wyoming. The Auk 128(1):138-145 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
803		R. Estes. 1964. Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49:1-187 [J. Alroy/M. Sommers/M. Carrano]
12168	ETE	R. Estes. 1969. A new fossil discoglossid frog from Montana and Wyoming. Breviora 328:1-7 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
42765		R. Estes. 1981. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Part 2. Gymnophiona, Caudata. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart xv-115 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Uhen]
4381	5% 40240	R. Estes, P. Berberian, and C. A. M. Meszoely. 1969. Lower vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, McCone County, Montana. Breviora 337:1-33 [E. Fara/E. Fara/M. Carrano]
19691	ETE	R. Estes and B. Sanchíz. 1982. New discoglossid and palaeobatrachid frogs from the Late Cretaceous of Wyoming and Montana, and a review of other frogs from the Lance and Hell Creek Formations. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2(1):9-20 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
1513		R. C. Fox. 1974. Deltatheroides—like mammals from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. Nature 249:392 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]
704		E. S. Gaffney. 1972. The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147(5):245-312 [J. Alroy/M. Sommers/R. Benson]
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